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Medical Terminology > Chapter 8 Exam 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Exam 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

body system that consists of all the bones; ligaments; and joints in the body

A

Skeletal System

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2
Q

the combined systems of the bones and muscles

A

Skeletomuscular System

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3
Q

Skeletomuscular word breakdown

A

Skelet/o- skeleton muscul/o- muscle

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4
Q

domelike bone at the top of the head that contains the cranial cavity and the brain and other structures

A

Cranium

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5
Q

crani/o -

A

cranium (skull)

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6
Q

a hole in a bone

A

Foramen

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7
Q

facial bone that is the lower jaw and contains the roots of the lower teeth; only moveable bone in the skull; forms a joint in front of the ear with the temporal bone

A

mandible

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8
Q

Mandible word breakdown

A

mandibul/o- mandible (lower jaw)

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9
Q

2 are fused together to form the maxilla

A

maxillary bones

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10
Q

maxill/o-

A

maxilla (upper jaw)

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11
Q

twelve pairs of bones that from the sides of the thorax

A

ribs

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12
Q

Cost/o-

A

rib

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13
Q

3 Types of ribs

A

true ribs; false ribs; floating ribs

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14
Q

vertical bone of the anterior thorax to which the clavicle and ribs are attached

A

Sternum

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15
Q

Sternum AKA

A

breast bone

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16
Q

stern/o-

A

sternum (breast bone)

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17
Q

bony cage of the chest that contains the thoracic cavity with the heart; lungs; and other structures

A

Thorax

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18
Q

Thorax AKA

A

rib cage

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19
Q

thorac/o-

A

thorax (chest)

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20
Q

Vertebrae C1-C7 of the vertebral column in the neck

A

cervical vertebrae

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21
Q

Cervical word breakdown

A

cervic/o-neck; cervix

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22
Q

group of several small; fused vertebrae inferior to the sacrum

A

Coccyx

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23
Q

Coccyx AKA

A

tail bone

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24
Q

Coccyg/o

A
  • coccyx (tailbone)
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25
Q

disk between two vertebrea; consisting of outwall of fibrocartilage and an inner gelatinous substance; the nucleus pulposus; that acts as a cushion

A

intervertebral disk

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26
Q

Intervertabral word breakdown

A

vertebr/o-vertebra

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27
Q

vertebrae L1-L5 of the verteral column in the lower back

A

lumbar vertebrae

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28
Q

lumb/o-

A

lower back; area between the ribs and pelvis

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29
Q

group of five fused vertebrae inferior to the lumbar vertebrae

A

Sacrum

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30
Q

sacr/o-

A

sacrum

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31
Q

Vertebrae T1 - T12 of the vertebral column in the area of the chest; each joins with one pair of ribs

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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32
Q

thorac/o-

A

thorax (chest)

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33
Q

rodlike bone along each shoulder; joins with the manubrium of the sternum and the acromion of the scapula

A

Clavicle

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34
Q

Clavicle AKA

A

Collar bone

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35
Q

clavicl/o-

A

clavicle (collar bone)

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36
Q

trianglular shaped bone on each side of the upper back

A

Scapula

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37
Q

Scapula AKA

A

Shoulder blade

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38
Q

Scapul/o-

A

scapula (shoulder blade)

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39
Q

the eight small bones of the wrist joint

A

Carpal bones

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40
Q

Carp/o-

A

wrist

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41
Q

long bone of the upper arm; fits into the glenoid fossa of the scapula to make the shoulder joing

A

humerus

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42
Q

Humer/o-

A

humerus (upper arm bone)

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43
Q

the five bones of the hand; one corresponding to each finger

A

metacarpal bones

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44
Q

one of the individual bones of a finger or toe

A

phalanx

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45
Q

phalang/o-

A

phalanx (finger or toe)

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46
Q

forearm bone loacted along the tumb side of the lower arm

A

Radius

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47
Q

radi/o-

A

radius (forearm; bone); xrays; radiation

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48
Q

forearm bone located along the little finger side of the lower arm

A

ulna

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49
Q

Uln/o-

A

ulna (forearm bone)

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50
Q

cup-shaped deep socket in the hip bone that is formed by the ilium and the pubic bone

A

Acetabulum

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51
Q

Acetabul/o-

A

acetabulum (hip socket)

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52
Q

most superior hip bone; joins the sacrum; contains the acetabulum

A

ilium

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53
Q

Acetablulm AKA

A

hip joint

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54
Q

Ili/o-

A

ilium (hip bone)

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55
Q

largest of the ankle bones

A

Calcaneus

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56
Q

Calcaneus AKA

A

heel bone

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57
Q

Calcane/o-

A

calcaneus (heel bone)

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58
Q

long bone of the upper leg

A

Femur

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59
Q

Femur AKA

A

thigh bone

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60
Q

Femor/o-

A

femur (thigh bone)

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61
Q

thinner of the two bones in the lower leg; located on the little toe side

A

Fibula

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62
Q

Fibul/o-

A

fibula (lower leg bone)

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63
Q

the great toe

A

hallux

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64
Q

the five bones of the midfoot; one corresponding to each toe

A

Metatarsal bones

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65
Q

Tars/o-

A

ankle

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66
Q

thick; round bone anterior to the knee joint

A

patella

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67
Q

Patella AKA

A

kneecap

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68
Q

patell/o-

A

patella (knee cap)

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69
Q

large; weight-bearing bone of the lower leg located on the great toe side

A

tibia

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70
Q

Tibia AKA

A

shin bone

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71
Q

Tibi/o-

A

tibia (shin bone)

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72
Q

area where two bones come together

A

joint

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73
Q

Joint AKA

A

articulation

74
Q

Articul/o-

A

joint

75
Q

Three types of joints

A

suture; symphysis; and synovial

76
Q

fibrous bands that hold two bone ends together in a synovial joint

A

Ligament

77
Q

ligament/o-

A

Ligament

78
Q

crescent-shaped cartilage pad found in some synovial joints such as the knee

A

meniscus

79
Q

a fully movable joint

A

synovial joint

80
Q

Synovi/o

A

synovium (membrane)

81
Q

Two types of synovial joints

A

Hinge joint (elbow and knee); ball and socket joint (shoulder and hip)

82
Q

bones are covered with…

A

articular cartilage

83
Q

Articul/o-

A

joint

84
Q

Cartilagin/o-

A

cartilage

85
Q

the straight shaft of a long bone

A

diaphysis

86
Q

diaphys/o-

A

shart of a bone

87
Q

one of the two widened ends of a long bone

A

epiphysis

88
Q

Epiphys/o-

A

enlarged area at the end of a long bone

89
Q

thick; fibrous membrane that covers the outer surgace of a bone

A

periosteum

90
Q

oste/o-

A

bone

91
Q

benign tumor of the bone

A

osteoma

92
Q

osteoma word breakdown

A

oste/o- bone -oma tumor; mass

93
Q

malignant bone tumor in which osteoblasts; the cells that form new bone; multiply uncontrollably

A

Osteosarcoma

94
Q

Osteosarcoma AKA

A

Osteogenic sarcoma

95
Q

Osteosarcoma word breakdown

A

oste/o- bone sarc/o- connective tissue -oma tumor; mass

96
Q

Osteogenic word breakdown

A

oste/o- bone gen/o- arising from; produced by -ic pertaining to

97
Q

benign tumor of the cartilage

A

chondroma

98
Q

chondroma word breakdown

A

chondr/o- cartilage -oma tumor; mass

99
Q

broken bone due to an accident; injury; or disease process

A

fracture

100
Q

fracture word breakdown

A

fract/o- break up -ure system; result of

101
Q

a fracture casued by a disease process such as osteoporosis; bone cance; or metastases to the bone

A

pathologic fracture

102
Q

Pathologic word breakdown

A

path/o- disease log/o- word; the study of -ic pertaining to

103
Q

any fracture in which the bone does not break through the overlying skin

A

closed fracture

104
Q

any fracture in which the bone breaks through the overlying skin

A

open fracture

105
Q

Open Fracture AKA

A

compound fracture

106
Q

distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand

A

colles’ fracture

107
Q

bone is crushed into several small pieces

A

comminuted fracture

108
Q

Comminuted word breakdown

A

comminut/o- break into small pieces -ed pertaining to

109
Q

vertabrae are compressed together when a person fall onto the buttocks or when a vertebra collapses in on itself because of disease

A

compression fracture

110
Q

Compression word breakdown

A

compress/o- press together -ion action; condition

111
Q

bone is broken on only one side

A

greenstick fracture

112
Q

abnormal softening of the bones due to a deficiency of vitamin D in the diet or inadequate exposure to the sun whose rays make vitamin D in the skin

A

osteomalacia

113
Q

Osteomalacia word breakdown

A

oste/o- bone malac/o- softening -ia condition; state; thing

114
Q

infection in the bone or bone marrow; bacteria enter the bone following an open fracture; crush injory; or surgical procedure

A

osteomyelitis

115
Q

Osteomyelitis word breakdown

A

oste/o- bone myel/o- bone marrow; spinal cord; myelin -it is inflammation of; infection of

116
Q

abnormal thinning of the bone structure

A

osteoporosis

117
Q

Osteoporosis word breakdown

A

oste/o- bone por/o- small openings; pores -osis condition; abnormal condition; process

118
Q

abnormal; excessive; posterior curvature of the thoracic spine

A

kyphosis

119
Q

Kyphosis AKA

A

humpback or hunchback

120
Q

Kyphosis word breakdown

A

kyph/o- bent; humpbacked -osis condition; abnormal condition; process

121
Q

abnormal; excessive; anterior curvature of the lumbar spine

A

lordosis

122
Q

Lordosis AKA

A

swayback

123
Q

Lordosis word breakdown

A

lord/o- swayback -osis condition; abnormal condition; process

124
Q

abnormal; excessive; c-shaped or s-shaped lateral curvature of the spine

A

scoliosis

125
Q

Scoliosis word breakdown

A

scoli/o- curved; crooked -osis condition; abnormal condition; process

126
Q

pain in the joint from injury; inflammation; or infection from various causes

A

arthralgia

127
Q

Arthralgia word breakdown

A

Arthr/o- joint alg/o- pain -ia condition; state; thing

128
Q

displacement of the end of a bone from its normal position within a joint

A

dislocation

129
Q

Dislocation word breakdown

A

dis- away from locat/o- a place -ion action; condition

130
Q

metabolic disorder that occurs most often in me; high level of uric acid in the blood; casuse sudden; severe pain after uric acid moves from the blood into the soft tissues and forms crystals

A

gout

131
Q

arthritis cuased by a bacterium in the bite of an infected deer tick

A

Lyme Disease

132
Q

chronic inflammatory disease of the joints; particulary the large weight bearing joints and joints that move repeatedly

A

osteosarthritis

133
Q

Osteoarthritis word breakdown

A

oste/o- bone arthr/o- joint -it is inflammation of; infection of

134
Q

Osteoarthritis AKA

A

Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD)

135
Q

Degenerative word breakdown

A

De- reversal of; without gener/o- production; creation -ative pertaing to

136
Q

acute and chronic inflammatory disease of the connective tissue; particulary of the joints

A

rheumatoid arthritis

137
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis word breakdown

A

rheumat/o- watery discharge -oid resembling arthr/o- joint -it is inflammation of; infection of

138
Q

overstretching or tearing of a ligament around a joint

A

sprain

139
Q

deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes

A

hallux valgus

140
Q

blood test that is usually positive in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

A

Rheumatoid Factor (RF)

141
Q

procedure that uses a radiopaque contrast dye that is injected into a joint

A

arthrography

142
Q

Arthrography word breakdown

A

arthr/o- joint -graphy process of recording

143
Q

the x-ray; CT; or MRI inmage during arthrography is….

A

arthrogram

144
Q

arthrogram word breakdown

A

arthr/o- joint -gram a record or picture

145
Q

procedure that measures the bone mineral density (BMD) to determine if demineralization from osteoporosis has occurred

A

bone density tests

146
Q

Two types of bone density tests

A

DEXA scan and QCT

147
Q

QCT

A

quantitative computerized tomography (QCT)

148
Q

DEXA

A

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

149
Q

procedure in which manual manipulation of a displaced fracture is performed so that the bone ends go back into normal alignment with out the need for surgery

A

closed reduction

150
Q

Reduction word breakdown

A

reduct/o- to bring back; decrease -ion action; condition

151
Q

orthopedic device such as a artificial leg for a patient who has had amputation of a limb

A

Prothesis

152
Q

procedure to remove all or part of an extremity because of trauma; cardiovascular disease; or diabetes mellitus

A

Amputation

153
Q

Amputation word breakdown

A

amputat/o- to cut off -ion action; condition

154
Q

procedure to remove an accumlation of fluid from an injured joint by using a needle inserted into the joint space

A

arthrocentesis

155
Q

arthrocentesis word breakdown

A

arthr/o- joint -centesis procedure to puncture

156
Q

procedure to fuse the bones in a degenerated; unstable joint

A

arthrodesis

157
Q

arthrodesis word breakdown

A

arthr/o- joint -desis procedure to fuse together

158
Q

procedure that uses an arthroscope inserted into the joint to visualize structures inside the joint

A

arthroscopy

159
Q

Arthroscopy word breakdown

A

arthr/o- joint -scopy process of using an instrument to examine

160
Q

procedure that uses whole bone or bone chips to repair fractures with extensive bone loss or defets due to bone cancer

A

bone graft

161
Q

procedure to remove the promient part of the metatarsal bone that is causing a bunion

A

bunionectomy

162
Q

Bunionectomy word breakdown

A

bunion/o- bunion -ectomy surgical removal

163
Q

procedure to replace a joint that has been destoryed by disease or osteoarthritis

A

joint replacement surgery

164
Q

Joint Replacement Surgery AKA

A

arthroplasty

165
Q

arthroplasty word breakdown

A

arthr/o- joint -plasty process of reshaping by surgery

166
Q

AKA

A

above the knee amputation

167
Q

BKA

A

below the knee amputation

168
Q

DEXA; DXA

A

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

169
Q

DIP

A

Distal interphalangeal (joint)

170
Q

DJD

A

Degenerative Joint Disease

171
Q

Fx

A

Fracture

172
Q

LLE

A

Left lower extremity

173
Q

LUE

A

left upper extremity

174
Q

NSAID

A

non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

175
Q

OA

A

osteoarthritis

176
Q

PIP

A

proximal interphalangeal (joint)

177
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis

178
Q

RLE

A

right lower extremity

179
Q

RUE

A

right upper extremity

180
Q

THR

A

total hip replacement

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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