Chapter 8 Exam 2 Flashcards
body system that consists of all the bones; ligaments; and joints in the body
Skeletal System
the combined systems of the bones and muscles
Skeletomuscular System
Skeletomuscular word breakdown
Skelet/o- skeleton muscul/o- muscle
domelike bone at the top of the head that contains the cranial cavity and the brain and other structures
Cranium
crani/o -
cranium (skull)
a hole in a bone
Foramen
facial bone that is the lower jaw and contains the roots of the lower teeth; only moveable bone in the skull; forms a joint in front of the ear with the temporal bone
mandible
Mandible word breakdown
mandibul/o- mandible (lower jaw)
2 are fused together to form the maxilla
maxillary bones
maxill/o-
maxilla (upper jaw)
twelve pairs of bones that from the sides of the thorax
ribs
Cost/o-
rib
3 Types of ribs
true ribs; false ribs; floating ribs
vertical bone of the anterior thorax to which the clavicle and ribs are attached
Sternum
Sternum AKA
breast bone
stern/o-
sternum (breast bone)
bony cage of the chest that contains the thoracic cavity with the heart; lungs; and other structures
Thorax
Thorax AKA
rib cage
thorac/o-
thorax (chest)
Vertebrae C1-C7 of the vertebral column in the neck
cervical vertebrae
Cervical word breakdown
cervic/o-neck; cervix
group of several small; fused vertebrae inferior to the sacrum
Coccyx
Coccyx AKA
tail bone
Coccyg/o
- coccyx (tailbone)
disk between two vertebrea; consisting of outwall of fibrocartilage and an inner gelatinous substance; the nucleus pulposus; that acts as a cushion
intervertebral disk
Intervertabral word breakdown
vertebr/o-vertebra
vertebrae L1-L5 of the verteral column in the lower back
lumbar vertebrae
lumb/o-
lower back; area between the ribs and pelvis
group of five fused vertebrae inferior to the lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum
sacr/o-
sacrum
Vertebrae T1 - T12 of the vertebral column in the area of the chest; each joins with one pair of ribs
Thoracic vertebrae
thorac/o-
thorax (chest)
rodlike bone along each shoulder; joins with the manubrium of the sternum and the acromion of the scapula
Clavicle
Clavicle AKA
Collar bone
clavicl/o-
clavicle (collar bone)
trianglular shaped bone on each side of the upper back
Scapula
Scapula AKA
Shoulder blade
Scapul/o-
scapula (shoulder blade)
the eight small bones of the wrist joint
Carpal bones
Carp/o-
wrist
long bone of the upper arm; fits into the glenoid fossa of the scapula to make the shoulder joing
humerus
Humer/o-
humerus (upper arm bone)
the five bones of the hand; one corresponding to each finger
metacarpal bones
one of the individual bones of a finger or toe
phalanx
phalang/o-
phalanx (finger or toe)
forearm bone loacted along the tumb side of the lower arm
Radius
radi/o-
radius (forearm; bone); xrays; radiation
forearm bone located along the little finger side of the lower arm
ulna
Uln/o-
ulna (forearm bone)
cup-shaped deep socket in the hip bone that is formed by the ilium and the pubic bone
Acetabulum
Acetabul/o-
acetabulum (hip socket)
most superior hip bone; joins the sacrum; contains the acetabulum
ilium
Acetablulm AKA
hip joint
Ili/o-
ilium (hip bone)
largest of the ankle bones
Calcaneus
Calcaneus AKA
heel bone
Calcane/o-
calcaneus (heel bone)
long bone of the upper leg
Femur
Femur AKA
thigh bone
Femor/o-
femur (thigh bone)
thinner of the two bones in the lower leg; located on the little toe side
Fibula
Fibul/o-
fibula (lower leg bone)
the great toe
hallux
the five bones of the midfoot; one corresponding to each toe
Metatarsal bones
Tars/o-
ankle
thick; round bone anterior to the knee joint
patella
Patella AKA
kneecap
patell/o-
patella (knee cap)
large; weight-bearing bone of the lower leg located on the great toe side
tibia
Tibia AKA
shin bone
Tibi/o-
tibia (shin bone)
area where two bones come together
joint
Joint AKA
articulation
Articul/o-
joint
Three types of joints
suture; symphysis; and synovial
fibrous bands that hold two bone ends together in a synovial joint
Ligament
ligament/o-
Ligament
crescent-shaped cartilage pad found in some synovial joints such as the knee
meniscus
a fully movable joint
synovial joint
Synovi/o
synovium (membrane)
Two types of synovial joints
Hinge joint (elbow and knee); ball and socket joint (shoulder and hip)
bones are covered with…
articular cartilage
Articul/o-
joint
Cartilagin/o-
cartilage
the straight shaft of a long bone
diaphysis
diaphys/o-
shart of a bone
one of the two widened ends of a long bone
epiphysis
Epiphys/o-
enlarged area at the end of a long bone
thick; fibrous membrane that covers the outer surgace of a bone
periosteum
oste/o-
bone
benign tumor of the bone
osteoma
osteoma word breakdown
oste/o- bone -oma tumor; mass
malignant bone tumor in which osteoblasts; the cells that form new bone; multiply uncontrollably
Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma AKA
Osteogenic sarcoma
Osteosarcoma word breakdown
oste/o- bone sarc/o- connective tissue -oma tumor; mass
Osteogenic word breakdown
oste/o- bone gen/o- arising from; produced by -ic pertaining to
benign tumor of the cartilage
chondroma
chondroma word breakdown
chondr/o- cartilage -oma tumor; mass
broken bone due to an accident; injury; or disease process
fracture
fracture word breakdown
fract/o- break up -ure system; result of
a fracture casued by a disease process such as osteoporosis; bone cance; or metastases to the bone
pathologic fracture
Pathologic word breakdown
path/o- disease log/o- word; the study of -ic pertaining to
any fracture in which the bone does not break through the overlying skin
closed fracture
any fracture in which the bone breaks through the overlying skin
open fracture
Open Fracture AKA
compound fracture
distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand
colles’ fracture
bone is crushed into several small pieces
comminuted fracture
Comminuted word breakdown
comminut/o- break into small pieces -ed pertaining to
vertabrae are compressed together when a person fall onto the buttocks or when a vertebra collapses in on itself because of disease
compression fracture
Compression word breakdown
compress/o- press together -ion action; condition
bone is broken on only one side
greenstick fracture
abnormal softening of the bones due to a deficiency of vitamin D in the diet or inadequate exposure to the sun whose rays make vitamin D in the skin
osteomalacia
Osteomalacia word breakdown
oste/o- bone malac/o- softening -ia condition; state; thing
infection in the bone or bone marrow; bacteria enter the bone following an open fracture; crush injory; or surgical procedure
osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis word breakdown
oste/o- bone myel/o- bone marrow; spinal cord; myelin -it is inflammation of; infection of
abnormal thinning of the bone structure
osteoporosis
Osteoporosis word breakdown
oste/o- bone por/o- small openings; pores -osis condition; abnormal condition; process
abnormal; excessive; posterior curvature of the thoracic spine
kyphosis
Kyphosis AKA
humpback or hunchback
Kyphosis word breakdown
kyph/o- bent; humpbacked -osis condition; abnormal condition; process
abnormal; excessive; anterior curvature of the lumbar spine
lordosis
Lordosis AKA
swayback
Lordosis word breakdown
lord/o- swayback -osis condition; abnormal condition; process
abnormal; excessive; c-shaped or s-shaped lateral curvature of the spine
scoliosis
Scoliosis word breakdown
scoli/o- curved; crooked -osis condition; abnormal condition; process
pain in the joint from injury; inflammation; or infection from various causes
arthralgia
Arthralgia word breakdown
Arthr/o- joint alg/o- pain -ia condition; state; thing
displacement of the end of a bone from its normal position within a joint
dislocation
Dislocation word breakdown
dis- away from locat/o- a place -ion action; condition
metabolic disorder that occurs most often in me; high level of uric acid in the blood; casuse sudden; severe pain after uric acid moves from the blood into the soft tissues and forms crystals
gout
arthritis cuased by a bacterium in the bite of an infected deer tick
Lyme Disease
chronic inflammatory disease of the joints; particulary the large weight bearing joints and joints that move repeatedly
osteosarthritis
Osteoarthritis word breakdown
oste/o- bone arthr/o- joint -it is inflammation of; infection of
Osteoarthritis AKA
Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD)
Degenerative word breakdown
De- reversal of; without gener/o- production; creation -ative pertaing to
acute and chronic inflammatory disease of the connective tissue; particulary of the joints
rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis word breakdown
rheumat/o- watery discharge -oid resembling arthr/o- joint -it is inflammation of; infection of
overstretching or tearing of a ligament around a joint
sprain
deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes
hallux valgus
blood test that is usually positive in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
procedure that uses a radiopaque contrast dye that is injected into a joint
arthrography
Arthrography word breakdown
arthr/o- joint -graphy process of recording
the x-ray; CT; or MRI inmage during arthrography is….
arthrogram
arthrogram word breakdown
arthr/o- joint -gram a record or picture
procedure that measures the bone mineral density (BMD) to determine if demineralization from osteoporosis has occurred
bone density tests
Two types of bone density tests
DEXA scan and QCT
QCT
quantitative computerized tomography (QCT)
DEXA
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
procedure in which manual manipulation of a displaced fracture is performed so that the bone ends go back into normal alignment with out the need for surgery
closed reduction
Reduction word breakdown
reduct/o- to bring back; decrease -ion action; condition
orthopedic device such as a artificial leg for a patient who has had amputation of a limb
Prothesis
procedure to remove all or part of an extremity because of trauma; cardiovascular disease; or diabetes mellitus
Amputation
Amputation word breakdown
amputat/o- to cut off -ion action; condition
procedure to remove an accumlation of fluid from an injured joint by using a needle inserted into the joint space
arthrocentesis
arthrocentesis word breakdown
arthr/o- joint -centesis procedure to puncture
procedure to fuse the bones in a degenerated; unstable joint
arthrodesis
arthrodesis word breakdown
arthr/o- joint -desis procedure to fuse together
procedure that uses an arthroscope inserted into the joint to visualize structures inside the joint
arthroscopy
Arthroscopy word breakdown
arthr/o- joint -scopy process of using an instrument to examine
procedure that uses whole bone or bone chips to repair fractures with extensive bone loss or defets due to bone cancer
bone graft
procedure to remove the promient part of the metatarsal bone that is causing a bunion
bunionectomy
Bunionectomy word breakdown
bunion/o- bunion -ectomy surgical removal
procedure to replace a joint that has been destoryed by disease or osteoarthritis
joint replacement surgery
Joint Replacement Surgery AKA
arthroplasty
arthroplasty word breakdown
arthr/o- joint -plasty process of reshaping by surgery
AKA
above the knee amputation
BKA
below the knee amputation
DEXA; DXA
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
DIP
Distal interphalangeal (joint)
DJD
Degenerative Joint Disease
Fx
Fracture
LLE
Left lower extremity
LUE
left upper extremity
NSAID
non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
OA
osteoarthritis
PIP
proximal interphalangeal (joint)
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
RLE
right lower extremity
RUE
right upper extremity
THR
total hip replacement
