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Medical Terminology > Chapter 14 Exam 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Exam 5 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

body system that includes glands that secrete hormones into the blood

A

endocrine system

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2
Q

chemical messenger of the endocrine system that is produced by a gland and secreted into the blood

A

hormone

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3
Q

endocrine gland in the brain that is connected by a stalk of tissue to the hypothalamus

A

pitutary gland

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4
Q

hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland; casues the thyroid gland to grow and stimulates it to secrete the thyrpid hormones T3 and T4

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

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5
Q

endocrine gland between the two lobes of the thalamus; secrete the horomone melatonin

A

pineal gland

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6
Q

endocrine gland in the nect that secretes the hormones T3; T4; and calcitonin

A

thyroid gland

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7
Q

four endocrine glands on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland; secrete parathyroid horomone

A

parathyroid glands

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8
Q

endocrine gland posterior to the sternum and within the mediastinum; secretes a group of hormones known as thymosins

A

thymus

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9
Q

a simples sugar in foods and also the sugar in the blood

A

glucose

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10
Q

hormone secreted by beta cells in the islets of langerhans; transports glucose into the cells where it is metabolized for energy

A

insulin

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11
Q

endocrine gland posterior to the stomach; contains the islets of langerhans that secrete the hormones glucagon; insulin; and somatostatin

A

pancreas

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12
Q

endocrine glands on the top of the kidneys

A

adrenal glands

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13
Q

hypersecreation of one or all of the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland; caused by a benign tumor of the anterior pituitary gland

A

hyperpituitarism

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14
Q

hyperituitarism word breakdown

A

hyper- above; more than normal pituitar/o-pituitary gland -ism process; disease from a specific cause

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15
Q

hyposecreation of one or more of the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland; caused by injury or a defect in the anterior pituitary gland

A

hypopituitarism

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16
Q

hypopituitarism word breakdown

A

hypo- below; deficient pituitar/o- pituitary gland -ism process; disease from a specific cause

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17
Q

hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood and puberty; casued by an adenoma in the anterior pituitary gland

A

gigantism

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18
Q

gigantism word breakdown

A

gigant/o- giant -ism process; disease from a specific cause

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19
Q

hypersecreation of growth hormone during adulthood; caused by an adenoma in the anterior pituitary gland

A

acromegaly

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20
Q

acromegaly word breakdown

A

acr/o- extremity; highest point -megaly enlargement

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21
Q

hyposecreation of growth hormone during childhood and puberty; caused by a defect in the anterior pituitary gland

A

dwarfism

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22
Q

hyposecreation of antidiuretic hormone; casued by a defect in the posterior pituitary gland; a brain infection; head trauma; or heredity.

A

diabetes insipidus

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23
Q

hypersecretion of melatonin; caused by a defect in the pineal gland

A

seasonal affective disorder

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24
Q

affective word breakdown

A

affect/o- state of mind; mood; to have an influence on -ive pertaining to

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25
Q

hypersecreation of T3 and T4 thyroid hormoned caused by an adenoma in the hyroid gland

A

hyperthyroidism

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26
Q

hyperthyroidism word breakdown

A

hyper- above; more than norma thyroid/o- thyroid gland -ism process; disease from a specif cause

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27
Q

hyperthyroidism AKA

A

thyroxicosis

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28
Q

thyroxicosis word breakdown

A

thyr/o- sheild shaped structure (thyroid gland); toxicp- poison; toxin -osis condtion; abnormal condition; process

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29
Q

most common type of hyperthyroidism

A

Graves disease

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30
Q

chronic and progressive enlargement of the thyroid gland

A

goiter

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31
Q

thyromegaly word breakdown

A

thyr/o- shield shped structure (thyroid gland) -megaly enlargement

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32
Q

goiter AKA

A

thyromegaly

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33
Q

hyposecretion of T3 and T4 thyroid hormones usually caused by an inadequate amount of iodine in the diet

A

hypothyroidism

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34
Q

hypothyroidism word breakdown

A

hypo-below; deficient thyroid/o- thryoid gland -ism process; disease from a specific cause

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35
Q

swelling of the subcutaneous and connective tissues; tingling in the hands and feet because of nerve compression; lack of menstruation; hair loss; an enlarged heart; bradycardia; an enlarged tongue; slow speech and mental impairment

A

myxedema

36
Q

myxedema word breakdown

A

myx/o- mucus like substance -edema swelling

37
Q

hypersecreation of parathyroid hormone caused by an adenoma in the parathyroid gland

A

hyperparathyroidism

38
Q

hyperparathyrodism word breakdown

A

hyper- above; more than normal para- beside; apart from; two parts of a pair; abnormal thyroid/o thyroid gland -ism process; diseas from a specific cause

39
Q

calcium level in the blood is too high

A

hypercalcemia

40
Q

hypercalcemia word breakdown

A

hyper-abone; more than normal calc/0- calcium -emia condition of the blood; substance in the blood

41
Q

hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone caused by the accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during a thyroidectomy

A

hypoparathyroidism

42
Q

hypoparathyroidism word breakdown

A

hypo-below; deficient thyroid/o- thyroid gland -ism process; disease from a specific cause

43
Q

calcium level in the blood is too low

A

hypocalcemia

44
Q

hypocalcemia word breakdown

A

hypo- below; deficient calc/o- calcium -emia conditon of the blood; substance in the blood

45
Q

hypersecreation of insulin

A

hyperinsulinism

46
Q

hyperinsulinism word breakdown

A

hyper- above; more than normal insulin/o- insulin -sim process; disease from a specific cause

47
Q

a low level of glucose in the blood

A

hypoglycemia

48
Q

hypoglycemia word breakdown

A

hypo- below; deficient glyc/o- glucose -emia condition of the blood; substance in the blood

49
Q

hypersecretion of insulin; occurs when receptors on body cells resist and do not allow insulin to trasport glucose in the cell

A

insulin resistance syndrom

50
Q

resistance word breakdown

A

resist/o- withstand the effect of -ance state of

51
Q

hyposecreation of insulin caused by an inability of the beta cells of the pancreas to secrete enough insulin

A

diabetes mellitus

52
Q

increased level of glucose in the blood

A

hyperglycemia

53
Q

hyperglycemia word breakdown

A

hyper- avone; more than normal glyc/o-glucaose -emia condation of the blood; substance in the blood

54
Q

excess glucse in the blood is excreted in the urine

A

glycosuria

55
Q

glycosuria word breakdown

A

glycos/o- glucose -uro- urine; urinary system -ia conditon; state; thing

56
Q

increased amount of urine

A

polyuria

57
Q

polyuria word breakdown

A

poly-many; much ur/o- urine; urinary system -ia condition; state; thing

58
Q

with excessive urination; the patient becomes thirsty and drinks often

A

polydipsia

59
Q

polydipsia word breakdown

A

poly- many; much dips/o- thirst -ia condition; state; thing

60
Q

the patient feels hungry and eats often

A

polyphagia

61
Q

polyphagia word breakdown

A

poly- many; much phag/o-eating; swallowing -ia condition; state; thing

62
Q

insulin dependent. Juvenile onset diabetes

A

Type 1

63
Q

slow onset; latent autoimmune diabetes in adults

A

Type 1.5

64
Q

non-insulin depenent diabetes; adult onset diabetes

A

Type 2

65
Q

high levels of ketones in the blood; occurs in untreated or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus when there is no insulin to metabolize glucose and the body turns to other sources of energy such as fat or protein

A

ketoacidosis

66
Q

ketoacidosis word breakdown

A

ket/o-ketones acid/o- acid -osis condition; abnormal condition; process

67
Q

hypersecretion of cortisol

A

cushings syndrome

68
Q

syndrome word breakdown

A

syn- together -drome a running

69
Q

hyposecreatin of testosterone in an adult male; normal result of the aging process in which the testes secrete less testosteron

A

gynecomastia

70
Q

gynecomastia word breakdown

A

gynec/o- female; women mast/o- breast; mastoid process -ia condition; state; thing

71
Q

test that measures the level of glucose after the patient has fasted for at least 12 hrs

A

fasting blood sugar

72
Q

blood an urine tests that measure the level of glucose to determine if the pancreas is secreting a normal amoutn of insulin

A

glucose tolerance test

73
Q

test that measures the A1C fraction of hemoglobin in red blood cells

A

hemoglobin A1C

74
Q

test that measures the levels of T3; T4; and TSH to determine if the thyroid gland is secreting normal amounts of thyroid hormones

A

thyroid function tests

75
Q

Ca

A

Calcium

76
Q

DI

A

diabetes insipidus

77
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

78
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

79
Q

GTT

A

glucose tolerance test

80
Q

HbA1c

A

hemoglobin A1C

81
Q

IDDM

A

insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

82
Q

IRS

A

insulin resistance syndrom

83
Q

NIDDM

A

non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

84
Q

SAD

A

seasonal affective disorder

85
Q

TFTs

A

thyroid function tests

86
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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