Chapter 14 Exam 5 Flashcards
body system that includes glands that secrete hormones into the blood
endocrine system
chemical messenger of the endocrine system that is produced by a gland and secreted into the blood
hormone
endocrine gland in the brain that is connected by a stalk of tissue to the hypothalamus
pitutary gland
hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland; casues the thyroid gland to grow and stimulates it to secrete the thyrpid hormones T3 and T4
thyroid stimulating hormone
endocrine gland between the two lobes of the thalamus; secrete the horomone melatonin
pineal gland
endocrine gland in the nect that secretes the hormones T3; T4; and calcitonin
thyroid gland
four endocrine glands on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland; secrete parathyroid horomone
parathyroid glands
endocrine gland posterior to the sternum and within the mediastinum; secretes a group of hormones known as thymosins
thymus
a simples sugar in foods and also the sugar in the blood
glucose
hormone secreted by beta cells in the islets of langerhans; transports glucose into the cells where it is metabolized for energy
insulin
endocrine gland posterior to the stomach; contains the islets of langerhans that secrete the hormones glucagon; insulin; and somatostatin
pancreas
endocrine glands on the top of the kidneys
adrenal glands
hypersecreation of one or all of the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland; caused by a benign tumor of the anterior pituitary gland
hyperpituitarism
hyperituitarism word breakdown
hyper- above; more than normal pituitar/o-pituitary gland -ism process; disease from a specific cause
hyposecreation of one or more of the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland; caused by injury or a defect in the anterior pituitary gland
hypopituitarism
hypopituitarism word breakdown
hypo- below; deficient pituitar/o- pituitary gland -ism process; disease from a specific cause
hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood and puberty; casued by an adenoma in the anterior pituitary gland
gigantism
gigantism word breakdown
gigant/o- giant -ism process; disease from a specific cause
hypersecreation of growth hormone during adulthood; caused by an adenoma in the anterior pituitary gland
acromegaly
acromegaly word breakdown
acr/o- extremity; highest point -megaly enlargement
hyposecreation of growth hormone during childhood and puberty; caused by a defect in the anterior pituitary gland
dwarfism
hyposecreation of antidiuretic hormone; casued by a defect in the posterior pituitary gland; a brain infection; head trauma; or heredity.
diabetes insipidus
hypersecretion of melatonin; caused by a defect in the pineal gland
seasonal affective disorder
affective word breakdown
affect/o- state of mind; mood; to have an influence on -ive pertaining to
hypersecreation of T3 and T4 thyroid hormoned caused by an adenoma in the hyroid gland
hyperthyroidism
hyperthyroidism word breakdown
hyper- above; more than norma thyroid/o- thyroid gland -ism process; disease from a specif cause
hyperthyroidism AKA
thyroxicosis
thyroxicosis word breakdown
thyr/o- sheild shaped structure (thyroid gland); toxicp- poison; toxin -osis condtion; abnormal condition; process
most common type of hyperthyroidism
Graves disease
chronic and progressive enlargement of the thyroid gland
goiter
thyromegaly word breakdown
thyr/o- shield shped structure (thyroid gland) -megaly enlargement
goiter AKA
thyromegaly
hyposecretion of T3 and T4 thyroid hormones usually caused by an inadequate amount of iodine in the diet
hypothyroidism
hypothyroidism word breakdown
hypo-below; deficient thyroid/o- thryoid gland -ism process; disease from a specific cause
swelling of the subcutaneous and connective tissues; tingling in the hands and feet because of nerve compression; lack of menstruation; hair loss; an enlarged heart; bradycardia; an enlarged tongue; slow speech and mental impairment
myxedema
myxedema word breakdown
myx/o- mucus like substance -edema swelling
hypersecreation of parathyroid hormone caused by an adenoma in the parathyroid gland
hyperparathyroidism
hyperparathyrodism word breakdown
hyper- above; more than normal para- beside; apart from; two parts of a pair; abnormal thyroid/o thyroid gland -ism process; diseas from a specific cause
calcium level in the blood is too high
hypercalcemia
hypercalcemia word breakdown
hyper-abone; more than normal calc/0- calcium -emia condition of the blood; substance in the blood
hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone caused by the accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during a thyroidectomy
hypoparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism word breakdown
hypo-below; deficient thyroid/o- thyroid gland -ism process; disease from a specific cause
calcium level in the blood is too low
hypocalcemia
hypocalcemia word breakdown
hypo- below; deficient calc/o- calcium -emia conditon of the blood; substance in the blood
hypersecreation of insulin
hyperinsulinism
hyperinsulinism word breakdown
hyper- above; more than normal insulin/o- insulin -sim process; disease from a specific cause
a low level of glucose in the blood
hypoglycemia
hypoglycemia word breakdown
hypo- below; deficient glyc/o- glucose -emia condition of the blood; substance in the blood
hypersecretion of insulin; occurs when receptors on body cells resist and do not allow insulin to trasport glucose in the cell
insulin resistance syndrom
resistance word breakdown
resist/o- withstand the effect of -ance state of
hyposecreation of insulin caused by an inability of the beta cells of the pancreas to secrete enough insulin
diabetes mellitus
increased level of glucose in the blood
hyperglycemia
hyperglycemia word breakdown
hyper- avone; more than normal glyc/o-glucaose -emia condation of the blood; substance in the blood
excess glucse in the blood is excreted in the urine
glycosuria
glycosuria word breakdown
glycos/o- glucose -uro- urine; urinary system -ia conditon; state; thing
increased amount of urine
polyuria
polyuria word breakdown
poly-many; much ur/o- urine; urinary system -ia condition; state; thing
with excessive urination; the patient becomes thirsty and drinks often
polydipsia
polydipsia word breakdown
poly- many; much dips/o- thirst -ia condition; state; thing
the patient feels hungry and eats often
polyphagia
polyphagia word breakdown
poly- many; much phag/o-eating; swallowing -ia condition; state; thing
insulin dependent. Juvenile onset diabetes
Type 1
slow onset; latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
Type 1.5
non-insulin depenent diabetes; adult onset diabetes
Type 2
high levels of ketones in the blood; occurs in untreated or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus when there is no insulin to metabolize glucose and the body turns to other sources of energy such as fat or protein
ketoacidosis
ketoacidosis word breakdown
ket/o-ketones acid/o- acid -osis condition; abnormal condition; process
hypersecretion of cortisol
cushings syndrome
syndrome word breakdown
syn- together -drome a running
hyposecreatin of testosterone in an adult male; normal result of the aging process in which the testes secrete less testosteron
gynecomastia
gynecomastia word breakdown
gynec/o- female; women mast/o- breast; mastoid process -ia condition; state; thing
test that measures the level of glucose after the patient has fasted for at least 12 hrs
fasting blood sugar
blood an urine tests that measure the level of glucose to determine if the pancreas is secreting a normal amoutn of insulin
glucose tolerance test
test that measures the A1C fraction of hemoglobin in red blood cells
hemoglobin A1C
test that measures the levels of T3; T4; and TSH to determine if the thyroid gland is secreting normal amounts of thyroid hormones
thyroid function tests
Ca
Calcium
DI
diabetes insipidus
DM
diabetes mellitus
FBS
fasting blood sugar
GTT
glucose tolerance test
HbA1c
hemoglobin A1C
IDDM
insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
IRS
insulin resistance syndrom
NIDDM
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
SAD
seasonal affective disorder
TFTs
thyroid function tests
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone
