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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 Exam 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Exam 1 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

hollow sphere of cells in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

A

alveolus

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2
Q

rounded top of each lung

A

apex

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3
Q

tubular air passageway supported by cartilage rings

A

bronchus

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4
Q

small tubular passageway that brances off from a bronchus and then branches into several alveoli

A

bronchiole

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5
Q

pertaining to the heart and lungs

A

cardiopulmonary

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6
Q

cardiopulmonary word breakdown

A

cardi/o- heart pulmon/o- lug

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7
Q

muscular sheet that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominal caity

A

diaphragm

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8
Q

lidlike structure that seals off the larynx; so that swallowed food goes into the esophagus; not into the trachea

A

epiglottis

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9
Q

structure that contains the vocal cords and is a passageway for inhaled and exhaled air. Also known as the voicebox

A

larynx

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10
Q

large division of a lung; visible on the outer surface

A

lobe

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11
Q

organ of respiration that contains alveoli

A

lung

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12
Q

small cavity within the thoracic cavity; contains the trachea; heart and esophagus

A

mediastinum

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13
Q

the throat; shared passageway for both air and food

A

pharynx

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14
Q

double layereed serous membrane

A

pleura

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15
Q

wall of cartilage and bone that divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides

A

septum

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16
Q

septum word breakdown

A

sept/o- septum (dividing wall)

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17
Q

hollow space that is filled with the lungs and structures in the mediastinum

A

thoracic cavity

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18
Q

vertical tube with c shaped rings of cartilage in it. Air passageway between the larynx and the bronchi

A

trachea

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19
Q

trachea word breakdown

A

trache/o- trachea (windpipe)

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20
Q

includes the trachea; bronchi; and bronchioles

A

bronchial tree

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21
Q

hyperactivity of the bronchi and bronchioles with bronchospasm

A

asthma

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22
Q

contraction of the smoothe muscle

A

bronchospasm

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23
Q

prolonged; extremely sever; life-threatening asthma attack

A

status asthmaticus

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24
Q

acute or chronic inflammation or infection of the bronchi

A

bronchitis

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25
Q

chronic; permanent enlargement and loss of elasticity of the bronchioles

A

bronchiectasis

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26
Q

bronchiectasis word breakdown

A

bronchi/o- bronchus -ectasis condition of dilation

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27
Q

normal inspiration sounnds like a soft wind rushing through a tunnel

A

abnormal breath sounds

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28
Q

irregular crackling or bubbling sounds during inspiration

A

rales

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29
Q

humming; whistling; or snoring sounds during inspiration

A

rhonchi

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30
Q

high pitched; harsh; crowing sound due to edema or obstruction in the trachea or larynx

A

stridor

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31
Q

high pitched whistling or squeaking sounds during inspiraitonn or expiration

A

wheezes

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32
Q

a sever infection; extensive burns; or injury to the lungs (aspiration of vomit or inhalation of chemical fumes) damages the alveoli

A

adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

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33
Q

incompleted expansion or collapse of part or all of a lung due to mucus; tumor; trauma; or a foreign body that blocks the bronchus

A

atelectasis

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34
Q

atelectasis word breakdown

A

atel/o- incomplete -ectasis condition of dilation

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35
Q

combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema caused by chronic exposure to pollution or smokin.

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

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36
Q

The alveoli become hyperinflated and often rupture creating large air pockets in the lungs

A

Emphysema

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37
Q

hereditary; eventaully fatal disease caused by a recessive gene

A

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

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38
Q

acute viral infection of the upper and lower respiratry system

A

influenza

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39
Q

localized collection of purulent material in the thoracic cavity from an infection in the lungs

A

empyema

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40
Q

empyema word breakdown

A

em- in py/o- pus -ema condition

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41
Q

purulent

A

pus

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42
Q

cancerous tumor of the lungs; more common in smokers than in non smokers

A

lung cancer

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43
Q

constant exposure to inhaled particles causes pulmonary fibrosis and the alveoli lose their elasticity

A

occupational lung disease

44
Q

caused by coal dust (coal miner’s lung or black lung disease)

A

anthracosis

45
Q

caused by asbestos fibers

A

asbestosis

46
Q

general word form any occupational lung disease casued by chronically inhaling some type of dust or particle

A

pneumoconiosis

47
Q

infection of some or all of the lobes of the lungs

A

pneumonia

48
Q

caused by foreign mattter (chemicals; vomit etc) that is inhaled into the lungs

A

aspiration pneumonia

49
Q

pnuemonia caused by bacteria

A

bacterial pneumonia

50
Q

pnuemonia that effects the bronchi; bronchioles; and alveoli in the lung

A

broncho-pneumonia

51
Q

fluid collects in the alveoli

A

pulmonary adema

52
Q

blockage of a pulmonary artery or one of its brances by an embolus

A

pulmonary embolism

53
Q

acute viral respiratory illness that can be fatal

A

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

54
Q

lung infection caused by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis and is spread by airborne droplets and coughing

A

tuberculosis (TB)

55
Q

coughing up blood tinged sputum

A

hemoptysis

56
Q

presence of blood in the thoracic cavity; usually from trauma

A

hemothorax

57
Q

accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (between the two layers of pleura) due to inflammation or infection of the pleura and lungs

A

plurel effusion

58
Q

inflammation or infection of the pleura due to pneumonia; trauma; or tumor

A

pleurisy

59
Q

large volume of air in the plueral space

A

pneumothorax

60
Q

pneumothorax word breakdown

A

pneum/o- lung; air -thorax thorax (chest)

61
Q

brief or prolonged absence of spontaneous respirations due to respiratory failure or respiratory arrest

A

apnea

62
Q

apnea word breakdown

A

a- away from; without -pnea breathing

63
Q

abnormally slow rate of breathing

A

bradypnea

64
Q

difficult; labored; or painful respiration due to lung disease

A

dyspnea

65
Q

the need to be propped in an upright or sem-upright position in order to breathe and sleep comfortably

A

orthopnea

66
Q

abnormally rapid rate of breathing that is casued by lung diease

A

tachypnea

67
Q

complete lach (or a severely decrease level) of oxygen in the arterial blood and body tissues

A

anoxia

68
Q

anoxia word breakdown

A

an- without; not ox/o- oxygen -ia condtion; state; thing

69
Q

bluish gray discoloration of the skin because of a very low level of oxygen and a very high level of carbon dioxide in the blood and tissues

A

cyanosis

70
Q

cyanosis word breakdown

A

cyan/o- blue -osis condition; abnormal condition; process

71
Q

very low level of oxygen in the arterial blood

A

hypoxemia

72
Q

hypoxemia word breakdown

A

hypo-below; deficient ox/o-oxygen -ia condition; abnormal condition; process

73
Q

blood test to measure the partial pressure of the gases oxygen and carbon dioxide in a sample of arterial blood

A

arterial blood gases (ABG)

74
Q

procedure to measure the capicity of the lungs and the volume of air during inhalation and exhalation

A

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

75
Q

procedure in which an oximeter is placed on the patient’s index finger or earlobe to measure the degree of oxygen saturation of the blood

A

oximetry

76
Q

oximetry word breakdown

A

oxi- oxgen metry process of measuring

77
Q

test to identiry which bacterium is causing pulmonary infection and to determine its sensitivity to various antibiotic drugs

A

sputum culture and sensitivity (sputum C&S)

78
Q

tests to determine if a patient has been exposed to tuberculosis

A

tuberculosis tests

79
Q

TB test using an intradermal injection of PPD

A

mantoux

80
Q

procedure to ventilate the lungs and circulate the blood if a patient has stopped breathing and the heart has stopped beating

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

81
Q

procedure in which an endotracheal tube is inserted

A

endotracheal intubation

82
Q

procedure to assist a choking victim with an airway obstruction

A

Heimlich maneuver

83
Q

procedure that uses a lighted bronchoscope inserted through the mouth and larynx to examine the trachea and bronchi

A

bronchoscopy

84
Q

bronchoscopy word breakdown

A

bronch/o- bronchus -scopy process of using an instrument to examine

85
Q

procedure that inserts a plastic tube between the rins and into the thoracic caviry to remove accumulated blood due to trauma or infection

A

chest tube insertion

86
Q

procedure to remove part or all of a lung

A

lung resection

87
Q

procedure that uses a needle and a vacuum container to remove the pleural fluid from the pleural space

A

thoracocentesis

88
Q

thoracocentesis word breakdown

A

throac/o thorax (chest) -centesis procedure to puncture

89
Q

incision into the thoracic cavity

A

tracheostomy

90
Q

ABG

A

Arterial blood gases

91
Q

A&P

A

auscultation and percussion

92
Q

ARDS

A

Acute respiratry distress syndrome; adult respiratory distress syndrome

93
Q

C&S

A

cuture and sensitivity

94
Q

CF

A

cystic fibrosis

95
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

96
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

97
Q

CXR

A

chest x ray

98
Q

LLL

A

left lower lobe of the lung

99
Q

LUL

A

left upper lobe of the lung

100
Q

PFTs

A

pulmonary function test

101
Q

RLL

A

right lower lobe of the lung

102
Q

RML

A

right middle lobe of the lung

103
Q

RUL

A

right upper lobe of the lung

104
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breathe

105
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

106
Q

TPR

A

temperature; pulse; and respiration

107
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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