Chapter 2 Exam 1 Flashcards
an imaginary flat surface that divides the body into two parts.
Plane
vertical plane that divides the body into front and back sections
Coronal/frontal plane
vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sections
Sagittal plane
a horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower sections
Transverse plane
Medial direction
moving from either side of the body toward the midline
Lateral direction
moving from the midline toward either side of the body
Superior/cephalad direction
moving toward the head
Inferior/caudad direction
moving toward the tail bone
Distal direction
moving from the trunk of the body toward the end of a limb
Proximal direction
moving from the end of a limb toward the trunk of the body
moves from the outside of the body through the anterior section and then through the posterior section
Anteroposterior
moves from the outside of the body through the posterior sections and then through the anterior section
Posteroanterior
Superior section
upper half of the body
Inferior section
lower half of the body
front of body
Anterior/ventral
back of body
Posterior/dorsal
structures on the surface of the body
External/superficial
structures below the surface and inside the body
Internal/deep
Prone
lying face down
Dorsal or Dorsal supine
lying on the back
within the bony cranium (brain; cranial nerves; and related structures)
Cranial cavity
continuation of the cranial cavity as it travels down the middle of the back (spinal cord; spinal nerves; and related structures)
Spinal cavity
within the chest and is surrounded by the breast bone anteriorly; the ribs bilaterally; and the bones of the spine posteriorly (lungs; trachea; esophagus; heart; diaphragm)
Thoracic cavity
within the abdomen and is surrounded by the diaphragm superiorly; the abdominal wall anteriorly; and the bones of the spin posteriorly
Abdominal cavity
a continuation of the abdominal cavity and is surrounded by the pelvic bones anteriorly and bilaterally and the bones of the spine posteriorly.
Pelvic cavity
the pelvic and the abdominal cavity because it is one continuous cavity with no dividing structure
Abdominopelvic cavity
large internal organs
Viscera
Quadrants
Right upper; left upper; right lower; and left lower
Regions
Right hypochondriac; left hypochondriac; epigastric region; right lumbar; left lumbar; umbilical; right inguinal/iliac; left inguinal/iliac; hypogastric.
Gastroenterology
Gastrointestinal (GI) system
Pulmonology
Respiratory system
Cardiology
Cardiovascular (CV) system
Hematology
Blood
Immunology
Lymphatic system
Dermatology
Integumentary system
Orthopedics
Skeletal system
Orthopedics
Muscular system
Neurology
Nervous system
Urology
Urinary System
Male Reproductive Medicine
Male genital and reproductive system
Gynecology and Obstetrics
Female genital and reproductive system
Endocrinology
Endocrine System
Opthalmology
Eyes
Otolaryngology
Ears; nose; and throat (ENT) system
caused by an abnormality in the fetus; as it develops; or caused by an abnormal process that occurs during gestation or birth
Congenital
caused by a spontaneous mutation in a personÕs gene or chromosome; it can also be inherited by the personÕs children
Hereditary
caused by medicine or treatment that was given to the patient
Iatrogenic
having no identifiable or confirmed cause
Idiopathic
caused by the new growth of either a benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) tumor or mass
Neoplastic
caused by a lack of nutritious food; insufficient amounts of food; or an inability to utilize the nutrients in food.
Nosocomial
using the fingers to feel masses or enlarged oragans or to detect tenderness or pain
Palpation
using a stethoscope to listen to the sounds of the heart; lungs; or intestines
Auscultation
using the finger of one hand to tap on the finger of the other hand that is spread over a body cavity
Percussion
sudden in nature and severe in intensity
Acute
less severe in intensity
Subacute
continuing for 3 months or more
Chronic
a sudden worsening in the severity of the symptoms or signs
Exacerbation
temporary improvement in the symptoms and signs of a disease without the underlying disease being cured
Remission
predicted outcome of the disease
Prognosis
illness from which the patient cannot recover; and one that eventually results in death
Terminal
AP
anteroposterior
Dx
Diagnosis
Hx
History
PA
Physician Assistant
Tx
Treatment