Chapter 13 Exam 3 Flashcards
the study of females
gynecology
the knowledge and practice (of treating women during) pregnancy and childbirth)
Obstetrics
external and internal organs and structures of the female genital and reproductive system
genital organs
female genital and reproductive system that is in close proximity to the urinary system
genitourinary system
the ovaries or sex glands in a female
gonads
small; egg-shaped gland near the end of the uterine tube
ovary
narrow tube that is connected at one end of the uterus
uterine tube
uterine tube AKA
oviduct
narrow; most inferior part of the uterus
cervix
cervic/o-
neck; cervix
innermost layer of the uterus that lines the intrauterine cavity; mucous membrane that contains many glands; thickens and then is shed during the menstrual cycle
endometrium
metri/o-
uterus (womb)
internal female organ of menstruation and pregnancy
uterus
rounded top part of the uterus
fundus
short tubular structure connected at its superior end to the cervix and at its inferior end to the outside of the body
vagina
vagin/o-
vagina
the elastic membrane that partially or completely covers the inferior end of the vaginal canal
hymen
organ of sexual response in the female that enlarges and becomes engorged with blood
clitoris
area of skin between the vulva and the anus
perineum
area between the inner thighs that includes the external genitalia as well as the mons pubis
Vulva
the pigmented area around the nipple of the breast
areola
areol/o-
small area around the nipple
the breasts
mammary glands
mamm/o-
breast
the first cycle of menstrucation at the onset of puberty
menarche
men/o-
month
a 28 day cycle that consists of the menstrual phase; poliferative phase; ovulation; secretory phase; and ischemic phase
menstrual cycle
process in which the endometrium of the uterus is shed each month; causing a flow of blood and tissue through the vagina
menstrucation
menstru/o-
monthly discharge of blood
Day 14 of the menstrual cycle; luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary gland causes the ovarian follicle to rupture; releasing the mature ovum
ovulation
ovul/o-
ovum (egg)
surrounds and cushions the developing embryo and fetus
amniotic fluid
amni/o-
amnion (fetal membrane)
from the mother’s standpoint; the period fo time from conception until labor and delivery
antepartum
a fertilized ovum (a zygote) is an embryo from 4 days after fertilization through 8 weeks of gestation
embryo
the act of spermatozoon uniting with an ovum;
fertilization
fertilization AKA
conception
an embryo becomes this at 9 weeks of gestation
fetus
fet/o-
fetus
the ovary releases two ova that are then fertilized at the same time but by different spermatozoa
fraternal twins
period of time from the moment of fertilization of the ovum until birth; approximately 9 months
gestation
gestat/o-
from conception to birth
an already developing zygote splits in two; develops into two separate but identical embryos
identical twins
large; pancake like organ that develops from the chorion; provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus and removes carbon dioxide and waste products
placenta
states of being with child
pregnancy
pregn/o-
being with child
from the fetus’ standpoint; the period of time from conception to birth
prenatal period
the fetus; placenta; and all fluids and tissue in the pregnant uterus
products of conception
a period of 3 months; pregnancy is divided into 3
trimester
ruberry; flexible cord that connects the placenta to the umbilicus (navel) of the fetus
umbilical cord
irregular uterine contractions during the last trimester; these strengthen the uterine muscle in preparation for labor
Braxton Hicks contractions
Braxton Hicks Contractions AKA
False labor
postion of the fetus in which the head is the presenting part that is first to go through the birth canal
cephalic presentation
first milk of the breasts
colostrum
the top of the fetal head is visible at the vaginal introitus
crowning
widening of the cervical os from 0cm to 10cm during labor to allow passage of the fetal head
dilation
thinning of the cervical wall; measured as a percentage from 0 to 100 percent
effacement
the fetal head drops in to position within the mother’s pelvis in anticipation of birth
engagement
process by which the uterus gradually return to a normal size after childbirth
involution
production of colostrum and then breast milk by the mammary glands after childbirth
lactation
umbilic/o-
umbilicus; (navel)
efface/o-
do away with; obliterate
lact/o-
milk
from the mother’s standpoint; the period of time after delivery
postpartum
rupture of the amniotic sac during the first stage of labor; with the relsease of amniotic fluid that flows out of the vagina
rupture of membreanes (ROM)
soft areas on the head between the bones of the cranium in a newborn
fontanels
the first stool passed by a newborn
meconium
reshaping of the fetal cranium as it passes through the mother’s pelvic bones
molding
a newborn from the time of birth until 1 year of age
neonate
ne/o-
new
failure of the ovaries to release a mature ovum at the time of ovulatio; although the menstrual cycle is normal
anovulation
anovulation word breakdown
an- without; not ovul/o- ovum(egg) -ation process; being or having
cancerous tumor of an ovary
ovarian cancer
the ovaries contain multiple cysts
polycystic ovary syndrome
polycystic word breakdown
poly- many; much cyst/o- bladder; fluid filled sac; semisolid cyst -ic pertaining to
inflammation of infection of the uterine tube due to endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease
salpingitis
Salpingitis word breakdown
salping/o- uterine (fallopian tube) -it is inflammation of infection of
cancerous tumor of the endometrium of the uterus
endometrial cancer
uterus is bent backward in an abnormal position
retroflexion or retroversion
endometrial tissue in abnormal places
endometriosis
endometriosis word breakdown
endo- innermost; within metri/o- uterus (womb) -osis condition; abnormal condition; process
benign; fibrous tumor in the smooth muscle of the myometrium
leiomyoma
leiomyoma word breakdown
lei/o- smoothe my/o- muscle -oma tumor; mass
cancerous smooth muscle tumor of the myometrium
leiomyosarcoma
leiomyosarcoma word breakdown
lei/o- smoothe my/o- muscle -oma sarc/o- connective tissue tumor; mass
inflammation or infection of the myometrium
myometritis
myometritis word breakdown
my/o- muscle metr/o- uterus (womb) -it is inflammation of infection of
infection of the cervix that ascends to the uterus; uterine tubes; and ovaries that is often casued by sexually transmitted disease
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
inflammatory word breakdown
inflammat/o- redness and warmth -ory having the function of
descent of the uterus from its normal position; caused by the stretching of ligaments that support the uterus and weakness in the muscles of the floor of the pelvic cavity
uterine prolapse
absence of monthly menstrual periods; caused by a hormone imbalance; thyroid disease; or a tumor of the uterus or ovary
amenorrhea
amenorrhea word breakdown
a-away from; without men/o month -rrhea flow; discharge
sporadic menstrual bleeding without a true menstrual period
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
painful menstruation
dysmenorrhea
dysmenorrhea word breakdown
dys- painful; difficult; abnormal men/o-month -rrhea flow; discharge
normal cessation of menstrual periods; occuring around middle age
menopause
menopause word breakdown
men/o- month pause cessation
a menstrual period with excessively heavy flow or a menstural period that lasts longer than 7 days
menorrhagia
menorrhagia word breakdown
Men/o- month rrhage/o-excessive flow or discharge -ia condition; state; thing
a menstrual period with very light flow or infrequent menstrual cycles in women who previously had normal menstruation
oligomenorrhea
oligomenorrhea word breakdown
olig/o- scanty; few men/o- month -rrhea flow; discharge
breast tenderness; fluid retention; bloating and mild mood changes a few days before the onset of menstruation
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
premenstrual word breakdown
pre- before; in front of menstru/o- monthly discharge of blood -al pertaining to
includes symptoms of PMS plus feelings of depression; anxiety; tearfulness; mood shifts; difficulty concentrating; sleeping and eating disturbance; and breast; joint and muscle pain
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
cancerous tumor of the cervix
cervical cancer
if cervical cancer is localized
carcinoma in situ
carcinoma word breakdown
carcin/o- cancer -oma tumor/mass
abnormal growth of squamous cells in the surface layer of the cervix
cervical dysplasia
dysplasia word breakdown
dys-painful; difficult; abnormal plas/o- growth; formation -ia condition state thing
yeast infection of the vagina due to Candida albicans
candidiasis
candidiasis word breakdown
candidi/o- candida (a yeast) -iasis state of; process of
herniation of the bladder into the vagina because of a weakness in the vaginal wall
cystocele
cystocele word breakdown
cyst/o- bladder; fluid filled sac; semisolid cyst -cele hernia
herniation of the rectum into the vagina beacuase of a weakness in the vaginal walls
rectocele
rectocele word breakdown
rect/o- rectum -cele hernia
vaginal inflammation or infection
vaginitis
vaginitis word breakdown
vagin/o- vagina -it is inflammation of; infection of
cancerous tumor of the breast
breast cancer
benign condtion in which numerous fibrous and fluid filled cysts from in one or both of the breasts
fibrocystic
fibrocystic word breakdown
fibr/o-fiber cyst/o- bladder; fluid filled sac; semisolid cyst -ic pertaining to
birth position in which the presenting part of the fetus in not the head
abnormal presentation
the presenting part is the buttocks; buttocks and feet; or just the feet
breech
the shoulder or arm is the presenting part
malpresentation
complete or partial separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the third stage of labor
abruptio placentae
the size of the fetal head exceeds the size of the opening in the mother’s pelvic bones so the fetus cannot be born vaginally
cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)
cephalopelvic word breakdown
cephal/o- head pelv/o- pelvis -ic pertaining to
any type of difficult or abnormal labor and delivery
dystocia
dystocia word breakdown
dys- painful; difficult; abnormal toc/o- labor -ia condition; state; thing
implantation of a fertilized ovum somewhere other than in the uterus
ectopic pregnancy
ectopic word breakdown
ectop/o-outside of a place -ic pertaining to
temporary disorder of glucose metabolism that occurs only during pregnancy
gestational diabetes
gestational word breakdown
gestat/o- from conception to birth -ion action; condition -al pertaining to
abnormal union of an ovum and spermatozoon
hydatidiform mole
hydatidiform word breakdown
hydatidi/o- fluid filled vesicles -form having the form of
spontaneous; premature dilation of the cervix during the second trimester
incompetent cervix
inflmmation or infection of the breast
mastitis
mastitis word breakdown
mast/o- breast; mastoid process -it is inflammation of; infection of
decreased volume of amniotic fluid
oligohydramnios
oligohydramnios word breakdown
olig/o- scanty; few hydr/o- water; fluid -amnios amniotic fluid
incorrect position of the placenta with its edge partially or completely covering the cervical canal
placenta previa
increased volume of amniotic fluid; caused by maternal diabetes; mellitus; twin gestation; or abnormalities in the fetus
polyhydramnios
polyhydramnios word breakdown
poly- many; much hydr/o water; fluid -amnios amniotic fluid
continual bleeding from the site where the placenta separated after delivery
postpartum hemorrhage
hemmorage word breakdown
hem/o- blood -rrhage excessive flow or discharge
hypertensive disorder of pregnancy with increased blood pressure; edema; weight gain; and protein in the urine
preeclampsia
preeclampsia word breakdown
pre-before; in front of eclamps/o- a seizure -ia condition state thing
regular uterine contraction that occur before the fetus is mature
premature labor
spontaneous rupture of the amniotic sac and loss of amniotic fluid before labor begins
premature rupture of membranes (PROM)
loss of pregnancy
spontaneous abortion
abortion word breakdown
abort/o- stop prematurely -ion actoin; condition
lack of oxygen to the fetys beacuase of decreased blood flow through the placenta or umbilical cord
fetal distress
yellowish discoloration of the skin in a newborn
jaundice
fetal distress causes the fetus to pass meconium into the amniotic fluid
meconium aspiration
aspiration word breakdown
aspir/o- to breathe in; to suck in -ation a process; being or having
umbilical cord is wrapped around the neck of the fetus
nuchal cord
nuchal word breakdown
nuch/o- neck -al pertaining to
difficulty inflating the lungs to breathe because of the lack of surfactant
respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
respiratory word breakdown
re-again and again; backward; unable to spir/o- breathe; a coil -atory pertaining to
procedure to remove a small piece of tissue for examination under the microscrope to look for abnormal or cancerous cells
biopsy
biopsy word breakdown
bi/o- life; living organisms; living tissue -opsy process of viewing
screening cystology test used to detect abnormal cells or carcinoma in situ (CIS) in the cervix
pap smear
test of the amniotic fluid
amniocentesis
amniocentisis word breakdown
amni/o- amnion -centesis procedure to puncture
procedure that uses x-rays to create an image of the breast
mammography
mammography word breakdown
mamm/o-breast -graphy process of recording
procedure that uses ultra high frequency sound waves emitted by a tranducer or probe to produce an image on a computer screen
ultrasonography
ultrasonography word breakdown
ultra- beyond; higher son/o- sound -graphy process of recording
ultrasound image
sonogram
sonogram word breakdown
son/o- sound -gram a record or picture
uses an ultrasound probe inserted into the vagina to determine the thickness of the endometrium in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding
transvaginal ultrasound
transvaginal word breakdown
trans- across; through vagin/o- vagina -al pertaining to
procedure that uses a magnifying; lighted scope to visually examine the vagina and cervix
colposcopy
colposcopy word breakdown
colp/o- vagina -scopy process of using an instrument to examine
procedure to destory small areas of abnormal tissue on the cervix
cryosurgery
cyrosurgery word breakdown
cry/o-cold surg/o- operative procedure -ery process of
procedure in which a hooked instrument is inserted into the cervical os to rupture the amniotic sac and induce labor
amniotomy
amniotomy word breakdown
amni/o- amnion -tomy process of cutting or making an incision
procedure that assigns a score to a newborn at 1 and 5 mintues after birth
apgar score
local anesthesia produced by injecting an anesthetic drug into the epidural space between vertebrae in the lower back; blocks pain and sensation from the abdomen; perineum; and legs during labor and delivery
epidural anesthesia
epidural word breakdown
epi- upon; above dur/o- dura mater -al pertaining to
anesthesia word breakdown
an- without; not esthes/o- sensation; feeling -ia condition; state; thing
good prenatal care includes documentation of past pregnancies and deliveries
obstetrical history
a women who has never been pregnant and is not pregnant
nulligravida
nulligravida word breakdown
null/i- none -gravida pregnancy
a women who is pregnany for the first time
primigravida
primigravida word breakdown
prim/i- first -gravida pregnancy
in the past obstretrical history was documented as …
gravida and para
procedure to remove abnormal tissue from inside the uterus
dilation and curettage (D & C)
dilation word breakdown
dilat/o- dilate; widen -ion action; condition
procedure to remove the uterus
hysterectomy
hysterectomy word breakdown
hyster/o- uterus -ectomy surgical removal
procedure to remove leiomyomate (uterine fibroids) from the uterus
myomectomy
myomectomy word breakdown
my/o- muscle om/o tumor; mass -ectomy surgical removal
procedure to remove an overage beacause of large ovarian cysts or ovarian cancer
oophorectomy
oophorectomy word breakdown
oophor/o- ovary -ectomy surgical removal
procedure to remove the uterine tube because of ovarian cancer or an ectopic pregnancy in the tube
salpingectomy
salpingectomy word breakdown
salping/o- uterine (fallopian tube) -ectomy surgical removal
salpingo-oophorectomy word breakdown
salping/o- uterine (fallopian tube) oophor/o- ovary-ectomy surgical removal
removal of both uterine tubes and both ovaries
bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
procedure to prevent pregnancy; short segment of each uterine tube is removed; the cut ends are sutured and then crused or cauterized
tubal ligation
tubal word breakdown
tub/o- tube -al pertaining to
ligation word breakdown
ligat/o- to tie up; to bind -ion action; condition
procedure to remaove a large; cone-shaped section of tissue that includes the cervical os and part of the cervical canal; used to diagnose a lesion or excise an abnormal area identified by a pap smear
conization
conization word breakdown
con/o- cone -ization process of makin; creating or inserting
procedure to change the size; shape; or postion of the breast
mammaplasty
mammaplasty word breakdown
mamm/a- breast -plasty process of reshaping by surgery
procedure to place a purse-string suture around the cervix to prevent it from dilating pre-maturely
cerclage
procedure to deliver a fetus through an incision in the abdominal wall and uterus
cesarean section
surgical incision in the posterior edge of the vagina and into the perineum to prevent a spontaneous tear during delivery of the baby’s head
episiotomy
episiotomy word breakdown
episi/o- vulva -tomy process of cutting or making an incision
AB; Ab
abortion
AGA
appropriate for gestational age
BSO
bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
Bx
biopsy
Ca
Cancer; carcinoma
CIS
carcinoma in situ
CPD
cephalopelvic disproportion
CS
cesarean section
D&C
dilation and curettage
DUB
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
EDB
Estimated DOB
EDC
Estimated date of confinement
EGA
estimated gestational age
PID
pelvic Inflammatory Disease
PMS
premenstrual syndrome
PROM
premature rupture of membranes
ROM
rupture of membreanes
SAB
spontaneous abortion
