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Medical Terminology > Chapter 13 Exam 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Exam 3 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

the study of females

A

gynecology

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2
Q

the knowledge and practice (of treating women during) pregnancy and childbirth)

A

Obstetrics

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3
Q

external and internal organs and structures of the female genital and reproductive system

A

genital organs

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4
Q

female genital and reproductive system that is in close proximity to the urinary system

A

genitourinary system

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5
Q

the ovaries or sex glands in a female

A

gonads

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6
Q

small; egg-shaped gland near the end of the uterine tube

A

ovary

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7
Q

narrow tube that is connected at one end of the uterus

A

uterine tube

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8
Q

uterine tube AKA

A

oviduct

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9
Q

narrow; most inferior part of the uterus

A

cervix

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10
Q

cervic/o-

A

neck; cervix

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11
Q

innermost layer of the uterus that lines the intrauterine cavity; mucous membrane that contains many glands; thickens and then is shed during the menstrual cycle

A

endometrium

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12
Q

metri/o-

A

uterus (womb)

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13
Q

internal female organ of menstruation and pregnancy

A

uterus

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14
Q

rounded top part of the uterus

A

fundus

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15
Q

short tubular structure connected at its superior end to the cervix and at its inferior end to the outside of the body

A

vagina

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16
Q

vagin/o-

A

vagina

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17
Q

the elastic membrane that partially or completely covers the inferior end of the vaginal canal

A

hymen

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18
Q

organ of sexual response in the female that enlarges and becomes engorged with blood

A

clitoris

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19
Q

area of skin between the vulva and the anus

A

perineum

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20
Q

area between the inner thighs that includes the external genitalia as well as the mons pubis

A

Vulva

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21
Q

the pigmented area around the nipple of the breast

A

areola

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22
Q

areol/o-

A

small area around the nipple

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23
Q

the breasts

A

mammary glands

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24
Q

mamm/o-

A

breast

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25
Q

the first cycle of menstrucation at the onset of puberty

A

menarche

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26
Q

men/o-

A

month

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27
Q

a 28 day cycle that consists of the menstrual phase; poliferative phase; ovulation; secretory phase; and ischemic phase

A

menstrual cycle

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28
Q

process in which the endometrium of the uterus is shed each month; causing a flow of blood and tissue through the vagina

A

menstrucation

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29
Q

menstru/o-

A

monthly discharge of blood

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30
Q

Day 14 of the menstrual cycle; luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary gland causes the ovarian follicle to rupture; releasing the mature ovum

A

ovulation

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31
Q

ovul/o-

A

ovum (egg)

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32
Q

surrounds and cushions the developing embryo and fetus

A

amniotic fluid

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33
Q

amni/o-

A

amnion (fetal membrane)

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34
Q

from the mother’s standpoint; the period fo time from conception until labor and delivery

A

antepartum

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35
Q

a fertilized ovum (a zygote) is an embryo from 4 days after fertilization through 8 weeks of gestation

A

embryo

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36
Q

the act of spermatozoon uniting with an ovum;

A

fertilization

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37
Q

fertilization AKA

A

conception

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38
Q

an embryo becomes this at 9 weeks of gestation

A

fetus

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39
Q

fet/o-

A

fetus

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40
Q

the ovary releases two ova that are then fertilized at the same time but by different spermatozoa

A

fraternal twins

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41
Q

period of time from the moment of fertilization of the ovum until birth; approximately 9 months

A

gestation

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42
Q

gestat/o-

A

from conception to birth

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43
Q

an already developing zygote splits in two; develops into two separate but identical embryos

A

identical twins

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44
Q

large; pancake like organ that develops from the chorion; provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus and removes carbon dioxide and waste products

A

placenta

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45
Q

states of being with child

A

pregnancy

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46
Q

pregn/o-

A

being with child

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47
Q

from the fetus’ standpoint; the period of time from conception to birth

A

prenatal period

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48
Q

the fetus; placenta; and all fluids and tissue in the pregnant uterus

A

products of conception

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49
Q

a period of 3 months; pregnancy is divided into 3

A

trimester

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50
Q

ruberry; flexible cord that connects the placenta to the umbilicus (navel) of the fetus

A

umbilical cord

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51
Q

irregular uterine contractions during the last trimester; these strengthen the uterine muscle in preparation for labor

A

Braxton Hicks contractions

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52
Q

Braxton Hicks Contractions AKA

A

False labor

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53
Q

postion of the fetus in which the head is the presenting part that is first to go through the birth canal

A

cephalic presentation

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54
Q

first milk of the breasts

A

colostrum

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55
Q

the top of the fetal head is visible at the vaginal introitus

A

crowning

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56
Q

widening of the cervical os from 0cm to 10cm during labor to allow passage of the fetal head

A

dilation

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57
Q

thinning of the cervical wall; measured as a percentage from 0 to 100 percent

A

effacement

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58
Q

the fetal head drops in to position within the mother’s pelvis in anticipation of birth

A

engagement

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59
Q

process by which the uterus gradually return to a normal size after childbirth

A

involution

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60
Q

production of colostrum and then breast milk by the mammary glands after childbirth

A

lactation

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61
Q

umbilic/o-

A

umbilicus; (navel)

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62
Q

efface/o-

A

do away with; obliterate

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63
Q

lact/o-

A

milk

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64
Q

from the mother’s standpoint; the period of time after delivery

A

postpartum

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65
Q

rupture of the amniotic sac during the first stage of labor; with the relsease of amniotic fluid that flows out of the vagina

A

rupture of membreanes (ROM)

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66
Q

soft areas on the head between the bones of the cranium in a newborn

A

fontanels

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67
Q

the first stool passed by a newborn

A

meconium

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68
Q

reshaping of the fetal cranium as it passes through the mother’s pelvic bones

A

molding

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69
Q

a newborn from the time of birth until 1 year of age

A

neonate

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70
Q

ne/o-

A

new

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71
Q

failure of the ovaries to release a mature ovum at the time of ovulatio; although the menstrual cycle is normal

A

anovulation

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72
Q

anovulation word breakdown

A

an- without; not ovul/o- ovum(egg) -ation process; being or having

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73
Q

cancerous tumor of an ovary

A

ovarian cancer

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74
Q

the ovaries contain multiple cysts

A

polycystic ovary syndrome

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75
Q

polycystic word breakdown

A

poly- many; much cyst/o- bladder; fluid filled sac; semisolid cyst -ic pertaining to

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76
Q

inflammation of infection of the uterine tube due to endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease

A

salpingitis

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77
Q

Salpingitis word breakdown

A

salping/o- uterine (fallopian tube) -it is inflammation of infection of

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78
Q

cancerous tumor of the endometrium of the uterus

A

endometrial cancer

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79
Q

uterus is bent backward in an abnormal position

A

retroflexion or retroversion

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80
Q

endometrial tissue in abnormal places

A

endometriosis

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81
Q

endometriosis word breakdown

A

endo- innermost; within metri/o- uterus (womb) -osis condition; abnormal condition; process

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82
Q

benign; fibrous tumor in the smooth muscle of the myometrium

A

leiomyoma

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83
Q

leiomyoma word breakdown

A

lei/o- smoothe my/o- muscle -oma tumor; mass

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84
Q

cancerous smooth muscle tumor of the myometrium

A

leiomyosarcoma

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85
Q

leiomyosarcoma word breakdown

A

lei/o- smoothe my/o- muscle -oma sarc/o- connective tissue tumor; mass

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86
Q

inflammation or infection of the myometrium

A

myometritis

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87
Q

myometritis word breakdown

A

my/o- muscle metr/o- uterus (womb) -it is inflammation of infection of

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88
Q

infection of the cervix that ascends to the uterus; uterine tubes; and ovaries that is often casued by sexually transmitted disease

A

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

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89
Q

inflammatory word breakdown

A

inflammat/o- redness and warmth -ory having the function of

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90
Q

descent of the uterus from its normal position; caused by the stretching of ligaments that support the uterus and weakness in the muscles of the floor of the pelvic cavity

A

uterine prolapse

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91
Q

absence of monthly menstrual periods; caused by a hormone imbalance; thyroid disease; or a tumor of the uterus or ovary

A

amenorrhea

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92
Q

amenorrhea word breakdown

A

a-away from; without men/o month -rrhea flow; discharge

93
Q

sporadic menstrual bleeding without a true menstrual period

A

dysfunctional uterine bleeding

94
Q

painful menstruation

A

dysmenorrhea

95
Q

dysmenorrhea word breakdown

A

dys- painful; difficult; abnormal men/o-month -rrhea flow; discharge

96
Q

normal cessation of menstrual periods; occuring around middle age

A

menopause

97
Q

menopause word breakdown

A

men/o- month pause cessation

98
Q

a menstrual period with excessively heavy flow or a menstural period that lasts longer than 7 days

A

menorrhagia

99
Q

menorrhagia word breakdown

A

Men/o- month rrhage/o-excessive flow or discharge -ia condition; state; thing

100
Q

a menstrual period with very light flow or infrequent menstrual cycles in women who previously had normal menstruation

A

oligomenorrhea

101
Q

oligomenorrhea word breakdown

A

olig/o- scanty; few men/o- month -rrhea flow; discharge

102
Q

breast tenderness; fluid retention; bloating and mild mood changes a few days before the onset of menstruation

A

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

103
Q

premenstrual word breakdown

A

pre- before; in front of menstru/o- monthly discharge of blood -al pertaining to

104
Q

includes symptoms of PMS plus feelings of depression; anxiety; tearfulness; mood shifts; difficulty concentrating; sleeping and eating disturbance; and breast; joint and muscle pain

A

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

105
Q

cancerous tumor of the cervix

A

cervical cancer

106
Q

if cervical cancer is localized

A

carcinoma in situ

107
Q

carcinoma word breakdown

A

carcin/o- cancer -oma tumor/mass

108
Q

abnormal growth of squamous cells in the surface layer of the cervix

A

cervical dysplasia

109
Q

dysplasia word breakdown

A

dys-painful; difficult; abnormal plas/o- growth; formation -ia condition state thing

110
Q

yeast infection of the vagina due to Candida albicans

A

candidiasis

111
Q

candidiasis word breakdown

A

candidi/o- candida (a yeast) -iasis state of; process of

112
Q

herniation of the bladder into the vagina because of a weakness in the vaginal wall

A

cystocele

113
Q

cystocele word breakdown

A

cyst/o- bladder; fluid filled sac; semisolid cyst -cele hernia

114
Q

herniation of the rectum into the vagina beacuase of a weakness in the vaginal walls

A

rectocele

115
Q

rectocele word breakdown

A

rect/o- rectum -cele hernia

116
Q

vaginal inflammation or infection

A

vaginitis

117
Q

vaginitis word breakdown

A

vagin/o- vagina -it is inflammation of; infection of

118
Q

cancerous tumor of the breast

A

breast cancer

119
Q

benign condtion in which numerous fibrous and fluid filled cysts from in one or both of the breasts

A

fibrocystic

120
Q

fibrocystic word breakdown

A

fibr/o-fiber cyst/o- bladder; fluid filled sac; semisolid cyst -ic pertaining to

121
Q

birth position in which the presenting part of the fetus in not the head

A

abnormal presentation

122
Q

the presenting part is the buttocks; buttocks and feet; or just the feet

A

breech

123
Q

the shoulder or arm is the presenting part

A

malpresentation

124
Q

complete or partial separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the third stage of labor

A

abruptio placentae

125
Q

the size of the fetal head exceeds the size of the opening in the mother’s pelvic bones so the fetus cannot be born vaginally

A

cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)

126
Q

cephalopelvic word breakdown

A

cephal/o- head pelv/o- pelvis -ic pertaining to

127
Q

any type of difficult or abnormal labor and delivery

A

dystocia

128
Q

dystocia word breakdown

A

dys- painful; difficult; abnormal toc/o- labor -ia condition; state; thing

129
Q

implantation of a fertilized ovum somewhere other than in the uterus

A

ectopic pregnancy

130
Q

ectopic word breakdown

A

ectop/o-outside of a place -ic pertaining to

131
Q

temporary disorder of glucose metabolism that occurs only during pregnancy

A

gestational diabetes

132
Q

gestational word breakdown

A

gestat/o- from conception to birth -ion action; condition -al pertaining to

133
Q

abnormal union of an ovum and spermatozoon

A

hydatidiform mole

134
Q

hydatidiform word breakdown

A

hydatidi/o- fluid filled vesicles -form having the form of

135
Q

spontaneous; premature dilation of the cervix during the second trimester

A

incompetent cervix

136
Q

inflmmation or infection of the breast

A

mastitis

137
Q

mastitis word breakdown

A

mast/o- breast; mastoid process -it is inflammation of; infection of

138
Q

decreased volume of amniotic fluid

A

oligohydramnios

139
Q

oligohydramnios word breakdown

A

olig/o- scanty; few hydr/o- water; fluid -amnios amniotic fluid

140
Q

incorrect position of the placenta with its edge partially or completely covering the cervical canal

A

placenta previa

141
Q

increased volume of amniotic fluid; caused by maternal diabetes; mellitus; twin gestation; or abnormalities in the fetus

A

polyhydramnios

142
Q

polyhydramnios word breakdown

A

poly- many; much hydr/o water; fluid -amnios amniotic fluid

143
Q

continual bleeding from the site where the placenta separated after delivery

A

postpartum hemorrhage

144
Q

hemmorage word breakdown

A

hem/o- blood -rrhage excessive flow or discharge

145
Q

hypertensive disorder of pregnancy with increased blood pressure; edema; weight gain; and protein in the urine

A

preeclampsia

146
Q

preeclampsia word breakdown

A

pre-before; in front of eclamps/o- a seizure -ia condition state thing

147
Q

regular uterine contraction that occur before the fetus is mature

A

premature labor

148
Q

spontaneous rupture of the amniotic sac and loss of amniotic fluid before labor begins

A

premature rupture of membranes (PROM)

149
Q

loss of pregnancy

A

spontaneous abortion

150
Q

abortion word breakdown

A

abort/o- stop prematurely -ion actoin; condition

151
Q

lack of oxygen to the fetys beacuase of decreased blood flow through the placenta or umbilical cord

A

fetal distress

152
Q

yellowish discoloration of the skin in a newborn

A

jaundice

153
Q

fetal distress causes the fetus to pass meconium into the amniotic fluid

A

meconium aspiration

154
Q

aspiration word breakdown

A

aspir/o- to breathe in; to suck in -ation a process; being or having

155
Q

umbilical cord is wrapped around the neck of the fetus

A

nuchal cord

156
Q

nuchal word breakdown

A

nuch/o- neck -al pertaining to

157
Q

difficulty inflating the lungs to breathe because of the lack of surfactant

A

respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

158
Q

respiratory word breakdown

A

re-again and again; backward; unable to spir/o- breathe; a coil -atory pertaining to

159
Q

procedure to remove a small piece of tissue for examination under the microscrope to look for abnormal or cancerous cells

A

biopsy

160
Q

biopsy word breakdown

A

bi/o- life; living organisms; living tissue -opsy process of viewing

161
Q

screening cystology test used to detect abnormal cells or carcinoma in situ (CIS) in the cervix

A

pap smear

162
Q

test of the amniotic fluid

A

amniocentesis

163
Q

amniocentisis word breakdown

A

amni/o- amnion -centesis procedure to puncture

164
Q

procedure that uses x-rays to create an image of the breast

A

mammography

165
Q

mammography word breakdown

A

mamm/o-breast -graphy process of recording

166
Q

procedure that uses ultra high frequency sound waves emitted by a tranducer or probe to produce an image on a computer screen

A

ultrasonography

167
Q

ultrasonography word breakdown

A

ultra- beyond; higher son/o- sound -graphy process of recording

168
Q

ultrasound image

A

sonogram

169
Q

sonogram word breakdown

A

son/o- sound -gram a record or picture

170
Q

uses an ultrasound probe inserted into the vagina to determine the thickness of the endometrium in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding

A

transvaginal ultrasound

171
Q

transvaginal word breakdown

A

trans- across; through vagin/o- vagina -al pertaining to

172
Q

procedure that uses a magnifying; lighted scope to visually examine the vagina and cervix

A

colposcopy

173
Q

colposcopy word breakdown

A

colp/o- vagina -scopy process of using an instrument to examine

174
Q

procedure to destory small areas of abnormal tissue on the cervix

A

cryosurgery

175
Q

cyrosurgery word breakdown

A

cry/o-cold surg/o- operative procedure -ery process of

176
Q

procedure in which a hooked instrument is inserted into the cervical os to rupture the amniotic sac and induce labor

A

amniotomy

177
Q

amniotomy word breakdown

A

amni/o- amnion -tomy process of cutting or making an incision

178
Q

procedure that assigns a score to a newborn at 1 and 5 mintues after birth

A

apgar score

179
Q

local anesthesia produced by injecting an anesthetic drug into the epidural space between vertebrae in the lower back; blocks pain and sensation from the abdomen; perineum; and legs during labor and delivery

A

epidural anesthesia

180
Q

epidural word breakdown

A

epi- upon; above dur/o- dura mater -al pertaining to

181
Q

anesthesia word breakdown

A

an- without; not esthes/o- sensation; feeling -ia condition; state; thing

182
Q

good prenatal care includes documentation of past pregnancies and deliveries

A

obstetrical history

183
Q

a women who has never been pregnant and is not pregnant

A

nulligravida

184
Q

nulligravida word breakdown

A

null/i- none -gravida pregnancy

185
Q

a women who is pregnany for the first time

A

primigravida

186
Q

primigravida word breakdown

A

prim/i- first -gravida pregnancy

187
Q

in the past obstretrical history was documented as …

A

gravida and para

188
Q

procedure to remove abnormal tissue from inside the uterus

A

dilation and curettage (D & C)

189
Q

dilation word breakdown

A

dilat/o- dilate; widen -ion action; condition

190
Q

procedure to remove the uterus

A

hysterectomy

191
Q

hysterectomy word breakdown

A

hyster/o- uterus -ectomy surgical removal

192
Q

procedure to remove leiomyomate (uterine fibroids) from the uterus

A

myomectomy

193
Q

myomectomy word breakdown

A

my/o- muscle om/o tumor; mass -ectomy surgical removal

194
Q

procedure to remove an overage beacause of large ovarian cysts or ovarian cancer

A

oophorectomy

195
Q

oophorectomy word breakdown

A

oophor/o- ovary -ectomy surgical removal

196
Q

procedure to remove the uterine tube because of ovarian cancer or an ectopic pregnancy in the tube

A

salpingectomy

197
Q

salpingectomy word breakdown

A

salping/o- uterine (fallopian tube) -ectomy surgical removal

198
Q

salpingo-oophorectomy word breakdown

A

salping/o- uterine (fallopian tube) oophor/o- ovary-ectomy surgical removal

199
Q

removal of both uterine tubes and both ovaries

A

bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

200
Q

procedure to prevent pregnancy; short segment of each uterine tube is removed; the cut ends are sutured and then crused or cauterized

A

tubal ligation

201
Q

tubal word breakdown

A

tub/o- tube -al pertaining to

202
Q

ligation word breakdown

A

ligat/o- to tie up; to bind -ion action; condition

203
Q

procedure to remaove a large; cone-shaped section of tissue that includes the cervical os and part of the cervical canal; used to diagnose a lesion or excise an abnormal area identified by a pap smear

A

conization

204
Q

conization word breakdown

A

con/o- cone -ization process of makin; creating or inserting

205
Q

procedure to change the size; shape; or postion of the breast

A

mammaplasty

206
Q

mammaplasty word breakdown

A

mamm/a- breast -plasty process of reshaping by surgery

207
Q

procedure to place a purse-string suture around the cervix to prevent it from dilating pre-maturely

A

cerclage

208
Q

procedure to deliver a fetus through an incision in the abdominal wall and uterus

A

cesarean section

209
Q

surgical incision in the posterior edge of the vagina and into the perineum to prevent a spontaneous tear during delivery of the baby’s head

A

episiotomy

210
Q

episiotomy word breakdown

A

episi/o- vulva -tomy process of cutting or making an incision

211
Q

AB; Ab

A

abortion

212
Q

AGA

A

appropriate for gestational age

213
Q

BSO

A

bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

214
Q

Bx

A

biopsy

215
Q

Ca

A

Cancer; carcinoma

216
Q

CIS

A

carcinoma in situ

217
Q

CPD

A

cephalopelvic disproportion

218
Q

CS

A

cesarean section

219
Q

D&C

A

dilation and curettage

220
Q

DUB

A

dysfunctional uterine bleeding

221
Q

EDB

A

Estimated DOB

222
Q

EDC

A

Estimated date of confinement

223
Q

EGA

A

estimated gestational age

224
Q

PID

A

pelvic Inflammatory Disease

225
Q

PMS

A

premenstrual syndrome

226
Q

PROM

A

premature rupture of membranes

227
Q

ROM

A

rupture of membreanes

228
Q

SAB

A

spontaneous abortion

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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