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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6 Exam 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Exam 4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

category that includes blood types; A; B; AB; and O

A

ABO Group

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2
Q

type of connective tissue that contains formed elements (blood cells and blood cell fragments); water; proteins; and clotting facators. Transports oxygen; carbon dioxide; nutrients; and waste products of metabolism

A

blood

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3
Q

chemical structures that carry a positive or negative electrical charge

A

electrolytes

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4
Q

electrolyte examples

A

Sodium; Potassium; Calcium; Chloride; Bicarbonate

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5
Q

a mature red blood cell

A

erythrocyte

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6
Q

erythr/o-

A

red

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7
Q

substance in an erythrocyte that contains a heme molecule and globin chains

A

hemoglobin

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8
Q

hem/o-

A

blood

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9
Q

a white blood cell

A

leukocyte

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10
Q

leuk/o-

A

white

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11
Q

second most abundant leukocyte; but the smallest in size

A

lymphocyte

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12
Q

lymph/o-

A

lymph; lymphatic system

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13
Q

clear; staw colored fluid portion of the blood that carries formed elements and contains dissolved substances

A

plasma

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14
Q

category of blood type

A

Rh blood group

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15
Q

a platelet

A

thrombocyte

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16
Q

throm/o-

A

thrombus (blood clot)

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17
Q

a series of 12 substances that are released either from platelets or injured tissue or are produced by the liver

A

clotting factors

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18
Q

formation of a blood clot by platelets; erythrocytes; and clotting factors

A

coagulation

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19
Q

the cessation of bleeding

A

hemostasis

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20
Q

fluid portion of the plasma that remains after the clotting factors are activataed to form a blood clot

A

serum

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21
Q

produced by a B cell when it becomes a plasma cell

A

antibody

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22
Q

antibody aka

A

immunoglobulin

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23
Q

protein marker on the cell membrane of an erythrocyte that indicates the blood type

A

antigen

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24
Q

coordinated effort between the blood and lymphatic system to identify and destroy invading microorganisms and foreign particles; or cancerous cells produced within the body

A

immune response

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25
Q

fluid that flows through the lymphatic system

A

lymph

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26
Q

small; encapsulated pieces of lymphoid tissue located along lymphatic vessels

A

lymph nodes

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27
Q

body system that includes a network of lymphatic vessels; lymph fluid; lymph nodes; the lymphoid organs; and lymphoid tissues

A

lymphatic system

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28
Q

vessels that begin as capillaries; carry lymph; continue through lymph nodes; and end at ducts that empty into large veins in the nect

A

lymphatic vessels

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29
Q

microorganism that causes a disease

A

pathogen

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30
Q

lymphoid organ located in the abdominal cavity posterior to the stomach; destroys old erythrocytes; breakign their hemoglobin into heme and globin chains; storage areas for whold blood

A

spleen

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31
Q

loss of a large amount of blood; externally or internally

A

hemorrhage

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32
Q

hemorrhage word breakdown

A

hem/o- blood -rrhage excessive flow or discharge

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33
Q

decreased number of all types of blood cells due to failure of the bone marrow to produce stem cells

A

pancytopenia

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34
Q

pancytopenia word breakdown

A

pan-all cyt/o- cell -penia condition of deficiency

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35
Q

severe bacterial infection of the tissues that spreads to the blood then the entire body

A

septicemia

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36
Q

septicemia word breakdown

A

septic/o- infection -emia condition of the blood; substance in the blood

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37
Q

decrease in the number of erythrocytes

A

anemia

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38
Q

anemia word breakdown

A

an- without; not -emia condition of the blood; substance in the blood

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39
Q

anemia caused by failure of the bone marrow to produce erythrocytes because it has been damaged by disease; cancer; radiation therapy; or chemotherapy drugs

A

aplastic anemia

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40
Q

aplastic word breakdown

A

a-away from; without plast/o- growth; formation -ic pertaining to

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41
Q

anemia caused by a deficiency of iron in the diet or increased loss of iron from menstruation; hemorrhage or chronic blood loss

A

iron deficiency anemia

42
Q

anemia caused by a lack of vitamin B12 in the diet or a lack of intrinsic factor in the stomach

A

pernicious anemia

43
Q

anemia caused by an inherited genetic abnormality of an amino acid in hemoglobin

A

sickle cell anemia

44
Q

erythrocytes that are unequal in size; either too large or too small

A

anisocytosis

45
Q

anisocytosis word breakdown

A

anis/o- unequal cyt/o-cell -osis condition; abnormal condition; proces

46
Q

increased number of erythrocytes due to uncontrolled production by the red marrow

A

polycythemia vera

47
Q

polycythemia word breakdown

A

poly- many; much cyto/- cell hem/o- blood -ia condition; state; thing

48
Q

reaction that occurs when a patient receives a transfusion wth an incompatible blood type

A

transfusion reaction

49
Q

transfusion word breakdown

A

trans- across; through fus/o- pouring -ion action; condition

50
Q

severe infection cased by HIV; a retrovirus

A

Aquired immunodeficiency syndrome

51
Q

immunodeficiency word breakdown

A

immun/o- immune response deficio- lacking; inadequate -ency condition of being

52
Q

infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

A

mononucleosis

53
Q

mononucleosis word breakdown

A

mon/o- one; single nucleus (of a cell) -osis condition; abnormal condition; process

54
Q

a thrombus in one of the deep veins of the lower leg; often after surgery or in patients who are immobile or on bedrest

A

deep venous thrombosis (DVT)

55
Q

thrombosis word breakdown

A

thromb/o- thrombus -osis condition; abnormal condition; process

56
Q

inherited genetic abnormality that causes a lack or a deficiency of a specific clotting factor

A

hemophilia

57
Q

hemophilia word breakdown

A

hem/o- blood phil/o- attraction to; fondness for -ia condtion; state; thing

58
Q

deficiency in the number of thrombocytes due to exposure to radiation; chemicals; or drugs that damage stem cells in the bone marrow

A

thrombocytopenia

59
Q

thrombocytopenia word breakdown

A

thromb/o- thrombus cyt/o- cell -penia condition of deficiency

60
Q

enlarge lymph nodes

A

lymphadenopathy

61
Q

lymphadenopathy word breakdown

A

lymph/o-lymph; lymphatic system aden/o- gland -pathy disease

62
Q

generalized swelling of an arm or leg that occurs after surgery when a chain of lymph nodes has been removed

A

lymphedema

63
Q

lymphedema word breakdown

A

lymph/o- lymph; lymphatic system -edema swelling

64
Q

enlargement of the spleen; as felt on palpation of the abdomen

A

splenomegaly

65
Q

splenomegaly word breakdown

A

spen/o- spleen -megaly enlargement

66
Q

blood test to determine the blood type and Rh factore of the patient’s blood

A

blood type

67
Q

group of blood tests that are performed automatically by machine to determine the number; type; and characteristics of varios cells in the blood

A

CBC with diff

68
Q

number in millions per millileter of blood

A

erythrocytes

69
Q

percentage of RBCs in a blood sample

A

hematocrit

70
Q

differential word breakdown

A

different/o- being distinct; different -ial pertaining to

71
Q

hematocrit word breakdown

A

hemat/o- blood crit- separation of

72
Q

amount in grams per deciliter of blood

A

hemoglobin

73
Q

average volume of one RBC

A

red blood cell indices

74
Q

number in thousands per millileter of blood

A

leukocytes

75
Q

percetage of each type of WBC per 100 WBCs

A

WBC differential

76
Q

number in thousands per millilter of blood

A

thrombocytes (platelets)

77
Q

blood test to evaluate the effectiveness of the anticoagulant drug coumadan

A

prothrombin time

78
Q

blood test used to determine the levels of varios substances in the blood

A

blood chemistries

79
Q

first screening test done for HIV

A

ELISA

80
Q

rapid test that uses the patient’s serum mixed with horse erythrocytes

A

MonoSpot Test

81
Q

proceduret to remove red bone marrow from the posterior iliac crest of the hip bone

A

bone marrow aspiration

82
Q

aspiration word breakdown

A

aspir/o- to breathe in; to suck in -ation a process; being or having

83
Q

procedure for drawing a sample of venous blood into a vacuum tube

A

phlembotomy

84
Q

phlebotomy AKA

A

venipuncture

85
Q

phlebotomy word breakdown

A

phleb/o- vein -tomy process of cutting or making an incision

86
Q

venipuncture word breakdown

A

ven/i-vein punct/o- hole; perforation -ure system; result of

87
Q

procedure in which whole blood; blood cells; or plasma is given by intravenous transfusion

A

blood transfusion

88
Q

patients scheduled to have certain types of surgery may be asked to donate a unit of their own blood in advance so they can receive it during surgery

A

autologous blood transfusion

89
Q

autologous word breakdown

A

aut/o- self log/o- word; the study of -ous pertaining to

90
Q

procedure to removes several or all of the lymph nodes in a lymph node chain during extensive surgery for cancer

A

lymph node dissection

91
Q

dissection word breakdown

A

dissect/o- to cut apart -ion action; condition

92
Q

procedure to remove the spleen when it has ruptured due to trauma

A

splenectomy

93
Q

splenectomy word breakdown

A

splen/o-spleen -ectomy surgical removal

94
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

95
Q

CBC

A

complete blood count

96
Q

ELISA

A

enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

97
Q

HCT

A

hematocrit

98
Q

Hgb

A

hemoglobin

99
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

100
Q

PT

A

prothrombin time

101
Q

RBC

A

red blood cell

102
Q

WBC

A

white blood cell

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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