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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 Exam 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Exam 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

largest artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body

A

Aorta

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2
Q

heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta

A

aortic valve

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3
Q

smallest branch of an artery

A

arteriole

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4
Q

blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body

A

artery

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5
Q

small area of tissue between the right atrium and right ventricle; part of the conduction system of the heart and receives electrical impulses from the SA node

A

atrioventricular (AV) node

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6
Q

each of the two upper chambers of the heart

A

atrium

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7
Q

part of the conduction system of the heart after the bundle of his

A

bundle branches

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8
Q

Part of the conduction system of the heart after the AV node. It splits into the right and left bundle branches

A

bundle of His

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9
Q

body system that includes the heart and the blood vessels

A

cardiovascular system

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10
Q

resting period between contractions

A

diastole

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11
Q

heart valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle

A

mitral valve

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12
Q

another name for the mitral valve

A

bicuspid valve

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13
Q

artery that caries blood away from the heart to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

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14
Q

heart valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries

A

pulmonary valve

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15
Q

vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

A

pulmonary vein

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16
Q

central wall that divides the heart into right and left sides

A

septum

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17
Q

pacemaker of the heart; small area of tissue in the posterior wall of the right atrium; originates the electrical impulse for the entire conduction system of the heart

A

sinoatrial (SA) node

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18
Q

contraction of the atria or the ventricles

A

systole

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19
Q

heart valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

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20
Q

constriction of smooth muscle in the wall of a blood vessel that causes it to become smaller in diameter

A

vasoconstriction

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21
Q

relaxation of smooth muscle in the wall of a blood vessel that causes it to become larger in diameter

A

vasodilation

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22
Q

blood vessel that carries blood from the body back to the heart

A

vein

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23
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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24
Q

largest veins

A

vena cava

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25
Q

carries blood from the head; neck; arms; and chest back to the right atrium of the heart

A

superior vena cava

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26
Q

carries blood from the abdomen; pelvis; and legs back to the right atrium

A

inferior vena cava

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27
Q

smallest branch of a vein

A

venule

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28
Q

structure that opens and closes to control the flow of blood

A

valve; valves

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29
Q

each of two large; lower chambers of the heart

A

ventricle

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30
Q

mild to severe chest pain cause by ischemia of the myocardium

A

angina pectoris

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31
Q

angina word breakdown

A

angina/o angina -al pertaining to

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32
Q

enlargement of the heart; usually due to congestive heart failure

A

Cardiomegaly

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33
Q

cardiomegaly word breakdown

A

cardi/o- heart my/o- muscle -pathy disease

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34
Q

inability of the heart to pump sufficient amounts of blood; cause by coronary artery disease or hypertension

A

congestive heart failure (CHF)

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35
Q

Congestive heart failure word breakdown

A

congest/o- accumulation of fluid; ive pertaining to

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36
Q

death of myocardial cells due to sever ischemia

A

myocardial infarction (MI)

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37
Q

myocardial word breakdown

A

my/o- muscle cardi/o- heart -al pertaining to

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38
Q

dead tissue

A

Necrosis

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39
Q

necrosis word breakdown

A

necr/o- dead cells; tissue or body -osis condition; abnormal condition; process

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40
Q

inflammation and bacterial infection of the endocardium lining a heart valve

A

Endocarditis

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41
Q

endocarditis word breakdown

A

end/i- innermost; within card/i- heart -it is inflammation of; infection of

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42
Q

abnormal heart sound created by turbulence as blood leaks through a defective heart

A

Murmur

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43
Q

inflammation or infection of the pericardial sac with an excessive accumulation of pericardial fluid

A

Pericarditis

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44
Q

pericarditis word breakdown

A

peri- around card/i- heart -it is inflammation of infection of

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45
Q

· autoimmune response to a noncardiac streptococcal infection; such as strep throat

A

rheumatic heart disease

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46
Q

rheumatic word breakdown

A

rheumat/o- watery discharge -ic pertaining to

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47
Q

· valves become scarred and narrowed

A

Stenosis

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48
Q

stenosis word breakdown

A

sten/o- narrowness; constriction -osis condition; abnormal condition; process

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49
Q

structural abnormality in which the leaflets of the mitral valve do not close tightly

A

· mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

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50
Q

any type of irregularity in the rate or rhythm of the heart

A

· arrhythmia

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51
Q

Arrhythmia word breakdown

A

a- away from; without rrhythm/o- rhythm -ia condition; statel; thing

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52
Q

another name for arrhythmia

A

Dysrhythmia

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53
Q

Dysrhythmia word breakdown

A

Dys- painful; difficult; abnormal Ryhythm/o- rhythm ia condition; state; thing

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54
Q

·arrhythmia in which the heart beats too slowly

A

Bradycardia

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55
Q

bradycardia word breakdown

A

brady- slow card/I heart -ia condtion; state; thing

56
Q

· no heartbeat

A

Asystole

57
Q

asystole word breakdown

A

a- away from; without -systole contraction

58
Q

asystole aka

A

cardiac arrest

59
Q

arrhythmia in which there is a very fast but regular rhythm

A

flutter

60
Q

arrhythmia in which there is a very fast; uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium

A

Fibrillation

61
Q

Fibrillation word breakdown

A

fibril/o- muscle fiber; nerve fiber -ation a process; being or having

62
Q

an uncomfortable sensation felt in the chest during a premature contraction of the heart

A

· Palpitation

63
Q

palpit/o

A

to throb

64
Q

· arrhythmia in which there is a fast but regular rhythm

A

Tachycardia

65
Q

an episode of tachycardia that occurs suddenly and then goes away without treatment

A

paroxysmal tachycardia

66
Q

tachycardia word breakdown

A

tachy- fast card/i- heart -ia conditionl state; thing

67
Q

area of dilation and weakness in the wall of an artery

A

· aneurysm

68
Q

progressive degenerative changes that produce a narrowed; hardened artery

A

· Arteriosclerosis

69
Q

atherosclerosis word breakdown

A

arteri/o- artery scler/o- heart -osis condition; abnormal condition; process

70
Q

a harsh; rushing sound made by blood passing through an artery narrowed and roughened by atherosclerosis

A

· Bruit

71
Q

arteriosclerosis of the coronary arteries

A

· coronary artery disease (CAD)

72
Q

elevated levels of lipids (fats) in the blood

A

· hyperlipidemia

73
Q

hyperlipidemia word breakdown

A

hyper- above; more than normal -emia condition of the blood; substance in the blood

74
Q

· : elevated blood pressure

A

hypertension (HTN)

75
Q

hypertension word breakdown

A

hyper- above; more than normal tens/o - pressure; tension -ion action; condition

76
Q

· blood pressure lower than 90/60; usually because of a loss of blood volume

A

Hypotension

77
Q

hypotenision word breakdown

A

hypo- below; deficient tens/o - pressure; tension -ion action; condition

78
Q

·atherosclerosis of the arteries in the legs

A

peripheral artery disease (PAD)

79
Q

peripher/o

A

outer aspects

80
Q

· inflammation of a vein; usually accompanied by infection

A

Phlebitis

81
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

82
Q

· phlebitis with the formation of a thrombus (blood clot)

A

Thrombophlebitis

83
Q

thromb/o

A

thrombus

84
Q

· damaged or incompetent valves in a vein that allow blood to flow backward and collect in the preceding section of vein

A

varicose veins

85
Q

varicose word breakdown

A

varic/o- varix; varicose vein -ose full of

86
Q

test to measure the levels of enzymes that are released into the blood when myocardial cells die during a myocardial infarction

A

· cardiac enzymes

87
Q

procedure performed to study the anatomy and pressures in the heart

A

cardiac catheterization

88
Q

catheterization word breakdown

A

catheter/o- catheter -ization process of making; creating or inserting

89
Q

• : procedure that records the electrical activity of the heart

A

electrocardiography (ECG; EKG)

90
Q

electrocardiography word breakdown

A

electr/o- electricity card/i- heart -graphy process of recording

91
Q

procedure during which the patient’s heart rate and rhythm are continuously monitored as an outpatient for 24 hours

A

· Holter monitor

92
Q

procedure to monitor a patient’s heart rate and rhythm in the hospital

A

Telemetry

93
Q

telemetry word breakdown

A

tele/o- distance -metry process of measuring

94
Q

· procedure in which radiopaque contrast dye is injected into a blood vessel to fill and outline it.

A

Angiography

95
Q

angiography word breakdown

A

angi/o- blood vessel; lymphatic vessel graphy- process of recording

96
Q

procedure that uses a transducer to produce ultra high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) that are bounced off the heart to create an image

A

· Echocardiography

97
Q

echocardiography word breakdown

A

ech/o- echo cardi/o-heart -graphy process of recording

98
Q

images the flow of blood in an artery or vein

A

· Doppler

99
Q

procedure to treat an arrhythmia that cannot be controlled with antiarrhythmic drugs

A

cardioversion

100
Q

cardioversion device

A

Defibrillator

101
Q

cardioversion word breakdown

A

cardi/o- heart vers/o to travel; to turn -ion action; condition

102
Q

defibrillator word breakdown

A

de- reversal of without fibril/o- muscle fiber; nerve fiber -ator person who prodces or does; thing that produces

103
Q

measures blood pressure; consists of a thin; inflatable cuff that wraps around the arm (or leg); a hand bulb that is pumped to increase the pressure in the cuff; a regulating valve that is opened to read the pressure.

A

Sphygmomanometer

104
Q

sphygmomanometer word breakdown

A

sphygm/o- pulse man/o- thing; frenzy -meter instrument used to measure

105
Q

procedure to remove an aneurysm and repair the defect in the artery wall

A

Aneurysmectomy

106
Q

aneurysmectomy word breakdown

A

aneyrysm/o- aneyrysm -ectomy surgical removal

107
Q

cary bypass: procedure used during open heart surgery in which the patient’s blood is re-routed through a cannula in the femoral vein to a heart-lung machine

A

ardiopulmon

108
Q

cardiopulmonary word breakdown

A

cardi/o- heart pulmon/o- lung -ary pertaining to

109
Q

procedure to bypass an occluded coronary artery and restore blood flow to the myocardium

A

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

110
Q

procedure in which an automated devise is implanted to control the heart rate and rhythm in a patient with an arrhythmia

A

pacemaker insertion

111
Q

procedure to reconstruct a coronary artery that is narrowed because of atherosclerosis

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

112
Q

procedure to reconstruct a heart valve to correct stenosis or prolapse

A

Valvoplasty

113
Q

procedure to replace a severely damaged or prolapsed heart valve

A

valve replacement

114
Q

replacement

A

prosthetic

115
Q

replacement valve from an animal

A

Xenograft

116
Q

valvoplasty word breakdown

A

valv/o- valva -plastty process of reshaping by surgery

117
Q

prosthetic word breakdown

A

prosthet/o- artificial part -ic pertaining to

118
Q

Xenograft word breakdown

A

xen/o- foreign -graft tissue for implant or transplant

119
Q

AAA

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

120
Q

AV

A

atrioventricular

121
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

122
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft (“cabbage”)

123
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

124
Q

CCU

A

coronary care unit

125
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

126
Q

EKGor ECG

A

electrocardiography

127
Q

HTN

A

hypertension

128
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

129
Q

mm Hg (as in the text) or mmHg

A

millimeters of mercury

130
Q

MVP

A

mitral valve prolapse

131
Q

NSR

A

normal sinus rhythm

132
Q

PAD

A

peripheral artery disease

133
Q

PTCA

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

134
Q

PVC

A

premature ventricular contraction

135
Q

SA

A

sinoatrial

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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