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Medical Terminology > Chapter 3 Exam 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Exam 1 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

 external opening of the rectum located between the buttocks

A

Anus

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2
Q

(appendic/o) thin tube closed at the distal end hanging from the cecum

A

Appendix

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3
Q

(chol/e) yellow green; bitter tasting; thick fluid that is a combination of mucus; fluid; billirub; and biliverdin

A

Bile

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4
Q

(cec/o) short sac of the large intestine

A

Cecum

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5
Q

longest part of the large intestine. travels through all 4 quadrants of the abdomen

A

Colon

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6
Q

10 inch C shaped segment that begins at the stomach

A

Duodenum

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7
Q

a flexible; muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

A

Esophagus

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8
Q

(cholecyst/o) teardrop shaped; dark green sac posterior to the liver that concentrates and stores bile

A

Gallbladder

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9
Q

organs connected to a common pathway where food enters the body; is ingested; and is then eliminated from the body.

A

Gastrointestinal system (GI system)

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10
Q

12 foot segment where the absorption of nutrients is completed

A

Ileum

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11
Q

8 foot segment that repeatedly twists and turns in the abdominal cavity

A

Jejunum

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12
Q

larger tube that received undigested material and some water from the small intestine. Contains cecum; colon; rectum; & anus

A

Large intestine

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13
Q

(hepat/o) large; dark red-brown organ; located in the upper abdomen

A

Liver

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14
Q

the hard bone and posterior soft tissues that form the roof of the mouth

A

Palate

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15
Q

yellow; somewhat lumpy glad shaped like an elongated triangle that secretes digestive enzymes

A

Pancreas

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16
Q

coordinated contractions

A

Peristalsis

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17
Q

located at the distal end of the stomach

A

Pyloric sphincter

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18
Q

short; straight segment that connects to the outside of the body

A

Rectum

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19
Q

deep folds of the gastric mucosa that expand as the stomach fills with food

A

Rugae

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20
Q

three pairs of glands that secrete saliva into the mouth

A

Salivary gland

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21
Q

long; hollow tube that receives chime from the stomach. Consists of the duodenum; jejunum; and illeum

A

Small intestine (also known as small bowel)

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22
Q

(gastr/o) large; elongated sac in the upper abdominal cavity

A

Stomach

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23
Q

(lingu/o; gloss/o) large muscle that fills the oral cavity ad assists with eating and talking; contains receptors for the sense of taste

A

Tongue

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24
Q

fleshy hanging part of the soft palate; plays a role in speech; during swallowing it initiates the gag reflex to prevent food from entering the pharynx before the epiglottis closes over the larynx

A

Uvula

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25
Q

decreased appetite because of disease of the gastrointestinal side effects of a drug

A

Anorexia

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26
Q

Anorexia word breakdown

A
  1. An- without 2. orex/o-appetite 3. ia condition; thing
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27
Q

difficult or painful eating or swallowing

A

Dysphagia

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28
Q

Dysphagia word breakdown

A
  1. dys- painful; difficult; abnormal 2. phag/o eating; swallowing 3. ia condition; state; thing
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29
Q

a stone that forms in the salivary gland and becomes lodged in the duct; blocking the flow of saliva.

A

Sialolithiasis

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30
Q

Sialolithiasis word breakdown

A
  1. sial/o saliva 2. lith/oÿ stone 3. iasisÿstate of
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31
Q

inflammation of the oral mucosa

A

Stomatitis

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32
Q

Stomatitis word breakdown

A
  1. stomat/oÿmouth 2. itis inflammation of
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33
Q

indigestion with mild; temporary epigastric pain; sometimes with gas or nausea

A

Dyspepsia

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34
Q

Dyspepsia word breakdown

A
  1. dys- painful; abnormal 2. peps/o digestion 3. ia condition; thing
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35
Q

swollen; protruding veins in the mucosa of the lower esophagus or stomach

A

Varices

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36
Q

acute or chronic inflammation of the stomach due to spicy foods; excess acid production; or a bacterial infection

A

Gastritis

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37
Q

Gastritis word breakdown

A
  1. Gastr/o stomach 2. itis inflammation of
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38
Q

acute inflammation or infection of the stomach and intestines due to a virus or bacterium

A

Gastroenteritis

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39
Q

Gastroenteritis word breakdown

A
  1. gastr/o stomach 2. enter/o intestine 3. itis inflammation of
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40
Q

chronic inflammation and irritation due to reflux of stomach acid back into the esophagus because the lower sphincter does not close tightly

A

Gastroesophageal reflux diseaseÿ(GERD)

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41
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux diseaseÿ(GERD) word breakdown

A

gastr/o stomach esophag/o esophagus itis inflammation of

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42
Q

vomiting of blood because of bleeding in the stomach or esophagus

A

Hematemesis

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43
Q

Hematemesis word breakdown

A

hemat/o blood eme/o vomiting sis condition; process

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44
Q

the reflux of small amounts of food and acid back into the mouth; but without vomiting

A

Regurgitation

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45
Q

Regurgitation word breakdown

A

regurgitat/o- flow backward ion action

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46
Q

chronic irritation; buring pain; and erosion of the mucosa to form an ulcer

A

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

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47
Q

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) word breakdown

A

pept/o- digestion ic pertaining to

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48
Q

abnormal absence of peristalsis in the small intestine

A

Ileus

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49
Q

telescoping of one segment of intestine inside the lumen of the next segment

A

Intussusception

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50
Q

Intussusception

A

intussuscep/o- to receive within ion a process being or having

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51
Q

twisting or rotating the intestine around itself because of a structural abnormality of the mesentery.

A

Volvulus

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52
Q

inflammation and infection of the appendix

A

Appendicitis

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53
Q

Appendicitis word breakdown

A

appendic/o- appendix itis inflammation of

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54
Q

cancerous tumor of the colon

A

Colon cancer

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55
Q

weakness in the wall of the colon where the mucosa forms a pouch or tube

A

Diverticulum

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56
Q

Diverticulum word breakdown

A

diverticul/o- diverticulum osis condition; process

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57
Q

bacterial infection caused by an unusual strain of E. coli; a common bacterium in the large intestine

A

Dysentery

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58
Q

Dysentery word breakdown

A

dys- painful; difficult; abnormal entery condition of the intestine

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59
Q

chronic inflammation of various parts of the small and large intestines

A

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

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60
Q

type of IBD that affects the ileum and colon

A

Crohn’s Disease

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61
Q

disorder of the function of the colon; although the mucosa of the colon never shows any visible signs of inflammation

A

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

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62
Q

small; fleshy; benign or precancerous growth in the mucosa of the colon

A

Polyp; polyps

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63
Q

swollen; protruding veins in the rectum or on the skin around the anus

A

Hemorrhoid; hemorrhoids

64
Q

Hemorrhoid; hemorrhoids word breakdown

A

hemorrh/o- a flowing of blood oid resembling

65
Q

inability to voluntarily control bowl movements

A

Incontinence

66
Q

Incontinence word breakdown

A

ÿ in in; within; not contin/o- hold together ence state of

67
Q

blood in the feces

A

Hematochezia

68
Q

Hematochezia word breakdown

A

hemat/o- blood chez/o- to pass feces ia condition; state; thing

69
Q

dark; tar-like feces that contains digested blood from bleeding n the esophagus or stomach

A

Melena

70
Q

Melena word breakdown

A

melen/oÿblack

71
Q

greasy; frothy; foul-smelling feces that contain undigested fats

A

Steatorrhea

72
Q

Steatorrhea word breakdown

A

steat/o- fat ÿ rrhea- flow; discharge

73
Q

fibrous bands that form after surgery

A

Adhesions

74
Q

Adhesions word breakdown

A

adhes/o- to stick to ion action; condition

75
Q

the stomach bulges through the normal opening in the diaphragm for the esophagus

A

Hiatal hernia

76
Q

Hiatal hernia word breakdown

A

hiat/o- gap; opening al pertaining to

77
Q

weakness in the muscle or abdominal wall

A

Hernia

78
Q

in the groin

A

Inguinal hernia

79
Q

Inguinal hernia word breakdown

A

inguin/o- groin al pertaining to

80
Q

intestine swells in the hernia sac and becomes trapped; the intestine can no longer be pushed back into the abdomen

A

Incarcerated hernia

81
Q

Incarcerated hernia word breakdown

A

incarcer/o- to imprison ated pertaining to a condition; composed of

82
Q

inflammation and infection of the peritoneum

A

Peritonitis

83
Q

Peritonitis word breakdown

A

periton/o- peritoneum itis inflammation of; infection of

84
Q

accumulation of ascetic fluid in the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Ascites

85
Q

chronic; progressive inflammation and finally irreversible degeneration of the liver; with nodules and scarring

A

Cirrhosis

86
Q

Cirrhosis word breakdown

A

cirrh/o- yellow osis condition; abnormal condition; process

87
Q

inflammation and infection of the liver from the hepatitis virus

A

Hepatitis

88
Q

Hepatitis word breakdown

A

hepat/o- liver itis inflammation of; infection of

89
Q

enlargement of the liver due to cirrhosis; hepatitis; or cancer

A

Hepatomegaly

90
Q

Hepatomegaly word breakdown

A

hepat/o- liver megaly enlargment

91
Q

yellowish discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes

A

Jaundice

92
Q

Jaundice word breakdown

A

jaud/o- yellow ice state; quality

93
Q

acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder

A

Cholecystitis

94
Q

Cholecystitis word breakdown

A

cholecyst/o- gallbladder itis inflammation of; infection of

95
Q

one or more gallstones in the gallbladder

A

Cholelithiasis

96
Q

Cholelithiasis word breakdown

A

chol/e- bile; gall lith/o- stone iasis state of; process of

97
Q

Test for occult blood in the feces

A

Fecal occult blood test

98
Q

hidden

A

Occult

99
Q

test that uses a culture to determine which bacterium is causing an intestinal infection and a sensitivity test to determine which antibiotic drugs it is sensitive to.

A

Stool culture and sensitivity (stool C&S)

100
Q

Stool culture and sensitivity (stool C&S) word breakdown

A

Sensitive/o- affected by; sensitive to ity state; condition

101
Q

procedure that uses liquid radiopaque contract (barium) inserted into the rectum and colon

A

Barium enemaÿ(BE)

102
Q

Procedure that uses a liquid radiopaque contrast that is swallowed (a barium meal)

A

Upper gastrointestinal series (UGI)

103
Q

procedure to insert a long; flexible NG tube through the nostril into the stomach

A

Insertion of nasogastric tube (NG tube)

104
Q

Nasogastric word breakdown

A

nas/o- nose gastr/o- stomach ic pertaining to

105
Q

procedure to remove the appendix because of appendicitis

A

Appendectomy

106
Q

Appendectomy word breakdown

A

append/o- small structure hanging from a larger structure; appendix ectomy surgical removal

107
Q

procedure to remove a small piece of tissue from an ulcer; polyp; mass; or tumor

A

Biopsy

108
Q

Biopsy word breakdown

A

bi/o- life; living organism; living tissue opsy process or removing

109
Q

procedure to remove a section of diseased intestine and rejoin the intestine

A

Bowel resection and anastomosis

110
Q

Bowel resection and anastomosis word breakdown

A

resect/o- to cut out; remove ion action; condition anastom/o- create an opening between 2 structures osis condition; abnormal condition; process

111
Q

procedure to remove the gallbladder

A

Cholecystectomy

112
Q

Cholecystectomy word breakdown

A

cholecyst/o- gallbladder ectomy surgical removal

113
Q

to examine the abdomen with an instrument

A

Laparoscopic

114
Q

Laparoscopic word breakdown

A

lapr/o- abdomen scop/o ? examine with an instrument ic- pertaining to

115
Q

procedure to remove the diseased part of the colon and create a new opening in the abdominal wall where feces can leave the body

A

Colostomy

116
Q

Colostomy word breakdwon

A

col/o- colon ostomy surgical removal

117
Q

mouth like opening

A

stoma

118
Q

procedure that uses an endoscope to internally examine the GI tract

A

Endoscopy

119
Q

Endoscopy word breakdown

A

endo-ÿÿinnermost; within scopy process of using an instrument to examine

120
Q

visualization and examination of the esophagus

A

Esophagoscopy

121
Q

visualization and examination of the stomach

A

Gastroscopy

122
Q

visualization and examination of the esophagus first; followed by the stomach; and then the duodenum

A

Esophagogastroduodenoscopyÿ(EGD)

123
Q

visualization and examination of the rectum and sigmoid colon using a sigmoidoscope

A

Sigmoidoscopy

124
Q

visualization and examination of the entire colon after the colonoscope is passed through the rectum

A

Colonoscopy

125
Q

procedure to remove all or part of the stomach because of a cancerous or benign tumor

A

Gastrectomy

126
Q

Gastrectomy word breakdown

A

gastr/o- stomach ectomy surgical removal

127
Q

procedure to create a temporary or permanent opening from the abdominal wall into the stomach to insert a gastrostomy feeding tube

A

Gastrostomy

128
Q

Gastrostomy word breakdown

A

gastr/o- stomach stomy surgically created opening

129
Q

procedure to remove hemorrhoids from the rectum or around the anus

A

Hemorrhoidectomy

130
Q

Hemorrhoidectomy word breakdown

A

hemorrhoid/o- hemorrhoid ectomy surgical removal

131
Q

procedure that uses sutures to close a defect in the muscle wall where there is a hernia

A

Herniorrhaphy

132
Q

Herniorrhaphy word breakdown

A

herni/o- hernia rrhaphy procedure of suturing

133
Q

procedure to created a temporary or permanent opening from the abdominal wall into the jejunum through which to insert a jejunostomy feeding tube

A

Jejunostomy

134
Q

Jejunostomy word breakdown

A

ÿjejun/o- jujunum stomy surgically created opening

135
Q

procedure to remove polyps from the colon using forceps

A

Polypectomy

136
Q

Polypectomy word breakdown

A

polyp/o- polyp ectomy surgical removal

137
Q

BE

A

Barium Enema

138
Q

EGD

A

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

139
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

140
Q

GERD

A

gastroesphageal reflux disesase

141
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

142
Q

HAV

A

hepatitis A Virus

143
Q

HBV

A

hepatitis B Virus

144
Q

HCV

A

hepatitis C Virus

145
Q

IBD

A

inflammatory bowel disease

146
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel disease

147
Q

LLQ

A

left lower quadrant

148
Q

LUQ

A

left upper quadrant

149
Q

N&V

A

nausea and vomiting

150
Q

NG

A

nasogatric

151
Q

NPO (n.p.o.)

A

nothing by mouth

152
Q

P.O. (p.o.)

A

by mouth

153
Q

PUD

A

peptic ulcer disease

154
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

155
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant

156
Q

UGI

A

upper gastrointestinal

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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