Chapter 8: Digestive System: From Lips to Anus Flashcards
Tube that begins with the mouth and ends with the anus that is employed by many animals for digestion.
Alimentary canal
Separate interior volume of a biological structure.
Lumen
Epithelial tissue that lines the alimentary canal.
Mucosa
Involuntary contractions of muscles found in the wall of the alimentary canal that serve both to mix digesting food and to move that food forward towards the anus.
Peristalsis
Various sites of production of a watery, lubricating, enzymatic, and immunologically protective substance secreted into the mouth
Salivary gland
Enzyme that digests starch as found in the mouth.
Salivary amylase
The back of the mouth, also known as the throat.
Pharynx
The muscular tube connecting the throat to the stomach.
Esophagus
The valve found at the entrance to the stomach that controls especially movement backwards in the alimentary canal, out of the stomach.
Lower esophageal sphincter
Component of alimentary canal possessing low pH along with protein-digesting enzymes.
Stomach
Stomach enzyme that digests proteins and which is initially secreted in an inactive form.
Pepsin
Valve found at the exit of the stomach that controls especially movement forwards in the alimentary canal, out of the stomach.
Pyloric sphincter
Fluid product of food digestion by the stomach.
Chyme
Large organ found adjacent to the stomach and diaphragm that possesses secretory as well as substantial synthetic and degradative functions.
Liver
Bile-storing reservoir that is connected to the liver via a duct and connects to the duodenum via the common bile duct.
Gallbladder
Liver-produced fluid that is stored in the gallbladder and involved in fat digestion.
Bile
Emulsifying agent produced by the liver and then released into the duodenum towards fat digestion.
Bile salts
Glandular organ responsible for releasing insulin, glucagon, and numerous digestive substances.
Pancreas
Long, immediately post-stomach aspect of the alimentary canal in which the majority of nutrient absorption occurs.
Small intestine
Movement of substances from the lumen of the alimentary canal and into circulation within body tissues.
Absorption
Region of the small intestine that receives chyme from the stomach and into which digestive elements are introduced from the gallbladder and the pancreas.
Duodenum
Multi-celled outfoldings of mucosa which serve to increase mucosal surface area in contact with the alimentary canal lumen.
Intestinal villi
Outfoldings of plasma membrane of cells making up the intestinal mucosa.
Microvilli
Region of the small intestine specialized for nutrient absorption.
Jejunum
Region of the small intestine specialized for immune functioning as well as nutrient absorption.
Ileum
Region of the alimentary canal in which substantial absorption of water occurs.
Large intestine
Blind pouch representing the initial section of the large intestine.
Cecum
Short, thin, worm-shaped, tubular extension of the cecum.
Appendix
Portion of the large intestine that is found after the cecum and prior to the rectum.
Colon
Portion of large intestine found just prior to the rectum.
Sigmoid colon
Region of the large intestine where fully formed feces is stored prior to defecation.
Rectum
Smooth as well as skeletal muscles that function to prevent the premature movement of feces out of the body.
Anal sphincters
