Chapter 14: Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Immunity plus Microorganisms Flashcards
Malady caused either by a microorganism or by an equivalent entity capable of both transmission between hosts and replication.
Infectious disease
Localized response within bodies to damage as well as to the presence of foreign materials within normally sterile tissues.
Inflammation
Mechanisms that protect an organism from pathogens and parasites and that do not change in their specificity over the course of the organism’s lifespan.
Innate immunity
The production of antibodies along with T-cell mediated cellular cytotoxicity, both as a means of protecting organisms from pathogens and parasites.
Adaptive immunity
Relatively complex molecules, mostly proteins but also some carbohydrates, that can be recognized by adaptive immune responses.
Antigen
Proteins produced by vertebrate animals that function by binding to other molecules, thereby either inactivating those other molecules or tagging them as foreign to the body.
Antibody
The product of binding of an immunoglobulin to a protein or molecule that has been targeted by an immune response.
Antigen-antibody complex
Most common product employed for artificially acquired passive immunization.
Gamma globulin
White blood cell.
Leukocyte
Leukocyte capable of removing particles, microorganisms, and debris from extracellular environments within animal bodies
Phagocyte
Lymphoid organ found in the ventral cavity of vertebrates that functions to regulate various aspects of blood.
Spleen
Long-lived phagocytic leukocytes that also serve as antigen-presenting cells.
Macrophage
Relatively short-lived phagocytic leukocytes.
Neutrophil
Molecule playing a variety of roles in physiology, especially contribution to inflammatory responses but also playing roles in the regulation of the gastrointestinal tract as well as serving as a neurotransmitter.
Histamine
Collective name for B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells.
Lymphocyte
Gland in which cells responsible for cell-mediated immunity mature.
Thymus
Cytotoxic lymphocyte that is associated particularly with innate rather than adaptive immunity.
Natural killer cell
Lymphocytes that are responsible for producing antibodies.
B cell
B cells that are actively producing antibodies.
Plasma cell
Expanded clonal lineage of B cells that can be stimulated to produce plasma cells.
Memory cell
Adaptive immune responses that are dependent on B cell proliferation and associated biosynthesis.
Antibody-mediated immunity
Agent employed to artificially induce (or “prime”) adaptive immune responses.
Vaccine
Means by which infected or otherwise abnormal body cells may be eliminated especially through the destruction of the infected cell.
Cell-mediated immunity
Lymphocytes that mediate cellular immunity (both helper and cytotoxic).
T cell
Molecules produced by virus-infected and other ailing cells that are used as a means of communicating that situation to other cells so that the latter can take protective actions.
Interferon
Lymphoid tissue exposed to the back of the mouth or pharynx.
Tonsils
Key site of development of adaptive immune responses, found in numerous, discrete locations throughout the body and that filter the drainage from body interstitium.
Lymph node
Means by which smaller foreign objects are slowly moved out of the respiratory system.
Mucociliary escalator
