Chapter 7: Endocrine System: Hormones

Question 1

Chemical signaling molecules that function systemically, that is, following entrance into the blood.

Answer 1

Hormone

Question 2

Epithelial tissue that releases hormones directly into the blood.

Answer 2

Endocrine gland

Question 3

Localized cell-to-cell communication mediated by intentionally cell-produced molecules.

Answer 3

Paracrine signaling

Question 4

Hormone-like chemicals that are released from the same cell that they act upon.

Answer 4

Autocrine substance

Question 5

Region of the brain that controls the release of hormones by the pituitary gland.

Answer 5

Hypothalamus

Question 6

Hypothalamus-associated gland responsible for releasing numerous hormones including oxytocin and growth hormone.

Answer 6

Pituitary gland

Question 7

Regulator of the reabsorption of water during urine formation such that the urine becomes less dilute.

Answer 7

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 8

Oxytocin

Answer 8

Hormone that affects the functioning of the uterus as well as mammary glands, resulting in contraction of associated smooth muscles.

Question 9

Neck-located gland that produces an iodine-containing hormone that is necessary for maintaining normal metabolic rate, growth, and development.

Answer 9

Thyroid gland

Question 10

Iodine-containing hormone that is necessary for maintaining a normal metabolic rate.

Answer 10

Thyroxine

Question 11

Source of a hormone that has the effect of increasing blood calcium levels when those levels otherwise are low

Answer 11

Parathyroid gland

Question 12

Kidney associated gland responsible for producing the hormones epinephrine and cortisol among others.

Answer 12

Adrenal gland

Question 13

Portion of gland responsible for producing the hormones epinephrine as well as norepinephrine

Answer 13

Adrenal medulla

Question 14

Substance substantially responsible for hormonally effecting fight-or-flight responses.

Answer 14

Epinephrine

Question 15

Gland associated with the production of glucocorticoid hormones as well as the hormone, aldosterone.

Answer 15

Adrenal cortex

Question 16

Diversity of lipid-soluble, blood circulating compounds that resemble in structure the membrane compound, cholesterol.

Answer 16

Steroid hormones

Question 17

Glucocorticoid involved in the regulation of blood glucose levels as well as levels of body stress.

Answer 17

Cortisol

Question 18

Mineralocorticoid involved in the regulation of blood sodium ion and potassium ion levels.

Answer 18

Aldosterone

Question 19

Hormone responsible for stimulating production of new red blood cells.

Answer 19

Erythropoietin

Question 20

Primary producer of androgens by males.

Answer 20

Testes (as endocrine gland)

Question 21

Various primary male sex hormones.

Answer 21

Androgens

Question 22

Primary producer of estrogens by females.

Answer 22

Ovaries (as endocrine gland)

Question 23

Various primary female sex hormones.

Answer 23

Estrogens

Question 24

Glucose

Answer 24

Primary means of blood circulation of chemical energy.

Question 25

Organ responsible for producing insulin in response to high blood glucose levels.

Answer 25

Pancreas (as endocrine gland)

Question 26

Hormone responsible for signaling various cell types to take up excess glucose from the blood.

Answer 26

Insulin

Question 27

Hormone responsible for signaling various cell types to release glucose into the blood.

Answer 27

Glucagon

Question 28

Disease of excessive blood glucose associated with decreased ability to produce insulin.

Answer 28

Diabetes mellitus Type 1

Question 29

Disease of excessive blood glucose associated with decreased ability of cells to respond to insulin.

Answer 29

Diabetes mellitus type 2