Chapter 4: Musculoskeletal System: Muscles and Skeleton

Question 1

Extracellular matrix other than fibers that is associated with connective tissue.

Answer 1

Ground substance

Question 2

Cell types that secrete the extracellular matrix of connective tissue

Answer 2

Fibroblasts

Question 3

Animal contractile tissue.

Answer 3

Muscle

Question 4

Animal contractile tissue that is under voluntary control.

Answer 4

Skeletal muscle

Question 5

Myocyte shortening due to action of actin and myosin.

Answer 5

Muscle contraction

Question 6

Specialized membranes found within muscle cells that upon stimulation release calcium ions into the muscle cell cytoplasm.

Answer 6

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

Long, plasma membrane indentations found in muscle cells along which impulses travel to sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 7

Transverse tubules

Question 8

Long bundles of actin and myosin proteins as found within muscle cells.

Answer 8

Myofibril

Question 9

Repeated striations found along myofibrils that give skeletal and cardiac muscle striped appearances at microscopic scales

Answer 9

Sarcomeres

Question 10

Protein constituent of microfilaments that plays a key role in muscle contraction.

Answer 10

Actin

Question 11

Protein that plays a key role in muscle contraction by pushing against actin fibers.

Answer 11

Myosin

Question 12

Rigid, ossified connective tissue found within animals possessing endoskeletons.

Answer 12

Bone

Question 13

Rigid and somewhat densely ossified connective tissue found within animals possessing endoskeletons.

Answer 13

Compact bone

Question 14

Rigid and somewhat sparsely ossified connective tissue found within animals possessing endoskeletons.

Answer 14

Spongy bone

Question 15

Soft connective tissue found within bone and used for generation of blood cells as well as for energy storage.

Answer 15

Bone marrow

Question 16

Mature cells responsible for maintaining the mineralized ground substance making up bone.

Answer 16

Osteocytes

Question 17

Haversian canal

Answer 17

Capillary and nerve cell containing structure found within normal mineral deposits within bone.

Question 18

Metabolically active cells responsible especially for building up new bone in the course of ossification.

Answer 18

Osteoblasts

Question 19

Metabolically active cells responsible for breaking down bone in the course of bone reabsorption.

Answer 19

Osteoclasts

Question 20

The building up of new bone material during bone growth, repair, or remodeling.

Answer 20

Ossification

Question 21

Highly water absorbent as well as compression-resistant connective tissue.

Answer 21

Cartilage

Question 22

Cells responsible for the formation of new cartilage matrix.

Answer 22

Chondroblasts

Question 23

Cells embedded within cartilage that are responsible for cartilage maintenance and repair.

Answer 23

Chondrocytes

Question 24

Cartilaginous ends of long bones.

Answer 24

Epiphyses

Question 25

Growth plate

Answer 25

Area found between the epiphysis and metaphysis in still-lengthening bones.

Question 26

Axial skeleton

Answer 26

Combination of the bones of the skull, middle ear, neck, backbone, sternum, and ribs.

Question 27

Connection between two or more bones.

Answer 27

Joint

Question 28

Alternative name for joint between two bones.

Answer 28

Articulation

Question 29

Tightly interlocking joints found between the bones making up the skull.

Answer 29

Cranial sutures

Question 30

Synovial joint

Answer 30

Highly movable articulation between bones.

Question 31

Tissue that seals in the fluid that in turn separates highly movable joints.

Answer 31

Synovial membrane

Question 32

Lubrication found within highly movable joints.

Answer 32

Synovial fluid

Question 33

Non-cartilaginous connective tissue that connects bone to bone.

Answer 33

Ligament

Question 34

Connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.

Answer 34

Tendon

Question 35

Connective tissue that connects muscle to muscle or otherwise surrounds various soft tissues.

Answer 35

Fascia

Question 36

Point of connection between muscle and the nerves that control them.

Answer 36

Neuromuscular junction

Question 37

Osteoporosis

Answer 37

Disease associated with progress loss of bone mass and increase potential for bone fracture.

Question 38

Muscular dystrophy

Answer 38

Degenerative disease of youth involving progressive weakness and loss ability to walk.