Chapter 12: Respiratory System: Lungs and Breathing Flashcards
Animal gas exchange organs of breathing.
Lungs
Lung-enclosing serous membranes that serve to reduce friction between lungs and associated body cavity walls.
Pleura
Volume within animals containing the lungs.
Pleural cavity
Exchange by animals of gasses with those in the air as mediated by active flow of air over specialized body tissues.
Breathing
Uptake of oxygen from and release of carbon dioxide to the environment by an organism.
External respiration
Uptake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide within the body.
Internal respiration
Somewhat external air handling anatomy including the external nose, the associated nasal cavity, and the pharynx.
Upper respiratory tract
Anatomy associated with the warming, filtering, and moistening of air in the course of inhalation.
Nose
The internal volume found behind the external nose.
Nasal cavity
Volumes that are found within aspects of bodies, particularly air-filled spaces within bones.
Sinuses
The back of the mouth and nose, also known as the throat
Pharynx
Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoles.
Lower respiratory tract
Post-pharynx cartilaginous connector to the trachea that includes the epiglottis, glottis, and vocal cords.
Larynx
Flap responsible for sealing the larynx during swallowing so that passage of food or water into the trachea may be avoided.
Epiglottis
Connective tissue associated with the larynx that serves to impart vibrations on air especially during exhalation.
Vocal cords
Cartilage reinforced, collapse-resistant passageway from larynx to lungs.
Trachea
Large tubes through which air passes within lungs.
Bronchi
Smaller tubes through which air passes within the lungs.
Bronchioles
Microscopic pouches within lungs where majority of gas exchange occurs.
Alveoli
Collections of microscopic pouches responsible for majority of gas exchange within lungs.
Alveolar sacs
Molecule that can simultaneously dissolve in both water and lipids, potentially resulting in suspension of the latter in the former.
Surfactant
Blood vessels that supply unoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Pulmonary arteries
Blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart.
Pulmonary veins
Means by which the rib cage is moved upward to effect inhalation.
Intercostal muscles
Means by which the thoracic cavity expands towards the abdominal cavity to effect inhalation.
Diaphragm
Amount of air entering the lungs per each inhalation or exiting the lungs per each exhalation under normal unforced conditions.
Tidal volume
Volume of air that is the difference between fully inflated lungs via inhalation and fully deflated lungs via exhalation.
Vital capacity
Cells found within the medulla oblongata of the brain stem that control the pace of breathing.
Respiratory center
