Chapter 13: Urinary System: From Glomeruli to Your Urethral Opening

Question 1

Removal of small substances from the body such as via the kidneys.

Answer 1

Excretion

Question 2

Kidneys, large intestine, liver, lungs, lymph nodes, skin, and spleen.

Answer 2

Excretory organs

Question 3

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Answer 3

Urinary system

Question 4

Breakdown products of especially amino acids but also nucleic acids that must be removed from the body.

Answer 4

Nitrogenous waste

Question 5

Nitrogenous waste that, if allowed to accumulate, results in a rising of the pH of tissues.

Answer 5

Ammonia

Question 6

Less-toxic nitrogenous waste product of the chemical reaction between two molecules of ammonia and one of carbon dioxide.

Answer 6

Urea

Question 7

Primary excretory organs involved especially in the production of urine.

Answer 7

Kidneys

Question 8

The blood filtration, tubular secretion, and tubular reabsorption functional units of the kidney.

Answer 8

Nephron

Question 9

Removal of relatively small substances from the plasma.

Answer 9

Blood filtration

Question 10

Network of capillaries from which the initial step of kidney function, blood filtration, occurs.

Answer 10

Glomeruli

Question 11

Material received by Bowman’s capsule representing the product of the first step of kidney-mediated filtration of blood.

Answer 11

Glomerular filtrate

Question 12

Nephron receiving point of glomerular filtrate.

Answer 12

Bowman’s capsule

Question 13

Carrier of glomerular filtrate through much of the nephron especially within the renal cortex.

Answer 13

Convoluted tubules

Question 14

Immediately post-nephron tubes found within kidneys through which still-forming urine passes.

Answer 14

Collecting ducts

Question 15

Product of kidney function that passes into the renal pelvis and then into ureters.

Answer 15

Urine

Question 16

Product of kidney functioning possessing relatively low levels of water.

Answer 16

Concentrated urine

Question 17

Product of kidney functioning possessing relatively high levels of water.

Answer 17

Dilute urine

Question 18

Tubes connecting kidneys to bladder.

Answer 18

Ureters

Question 19

Collecting organ of the water and wastes excreted by the kidney.

Answer 19

Urinary bladder

Question 20

Tube connecting the bladder to outside of the body.

Answer 20

Urethra

Question 21

Effector of involuntary control over voiding of the bladder.

Answer 21

Internal urethral sphincter

Question 22

Effector of voluntary control over voiding of the bladder.

Answer 22

External urethral sphincter

Question 23

Drug that increases the amount of water present in urine.

Answer 23

Diuretic

Question 24

Clinical term for urination, i.e., the voiding on one’s bladder.

Answer 24

Micturition

Question 25

Voluntary control over urination.

Answer 25

Continence

Question 26

Cystitis

Answer 26

Inflammation of the urinary bladder such as caused by urinary tract infections.

Question 27

Kidney stone

Answer 27

Common name for renal calculus.

Question 28

Renal failure

Answer 28

Lack of sufficient filtration of the blood by the kidneys.

Question 29

Hemodialysis

Answer 29

Means of artificial filtration of blood outside of the body as required given reduced kidney functioning.