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Medical Terminology > Chapter 8 (2) > Flashcards

Chapter 8 (2) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what is atrophy

A

loss of bulk in one or more muscles

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2
Q

a-

A

away from, without

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3
Q

troph/o-

A

development

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4
Q

what is avulsion

A

condition which a muscle tears away from a tendon or tendon tears away from a bone

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5
Q

vuls/o-

A

tear

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6
Q

what is compartment syndrome

A

severe injury causes bleeding and the fascia acts as a compartment, holding accumulated blood and placing pressure on surrounding tissues

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7
Q

what is a contracture

A

condition in which a muscle becomes progressively more flexed and eventually sticks in immovable position

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8
Q

what is fibromyalgia

A

condition associated with pain at specific trigger points in the muscles of the neck, hips, and back

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9
Q

fibr/o-

A

fiber

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10
Q

my/o-

A

muscle

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11
Q

alg/o-

A

pain

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12
Q

what is a hyperextension/hyperflexion injury

A

injury that occurs when a person’s head snaps backward and then forward in response to a sudden change in speed (whiplash)

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13
Q

what is a muscle contusion

A

bleeding inside a muscle due to blunt trauma; bruise

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14
Q

contus/o-

A

bruise

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15
Q

what is a muscle spasm

A

muscle involuntary contracts; muscle cramp

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16
Q

what is a muscle spasm of the neck called

A

torticollis

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17
Q

tort/i-

A

twisted

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18
Q

-collis

A

condition of the neck

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19
Q

what is a muscle strain

A

overstretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon; pulled muscle

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20
Q

what is muscular dystrophy

A

mutation in gene encoding for dystrophin; without dystrophin -> atrophy of muscles (Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy)

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21
Q

what is myalgia

A

pain in muscle due to injury or disease

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22
Q

polymyalgia

A

pain in several muscles

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23
Q

what is myopathy

A

general category including many muscle diseases

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24
Q

what is myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmune disorder in which body produces antibodies against Ach receptors on the muscle fibers

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25
Q

what is blepharoptosis

A

droopy eyelid; sign of myasthenia gravis

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26
Q

what is myositis

A

inflammation of a muscle

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27
Q

polymyositis

A

widespread inflammation with weakness and fatigue

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28
Q

what is a repetitive strain injury

A

injury to muscles, tendons, and/or nerves resulting from repetitive movements; carpal tunnel syndrome

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29
Q

what is rhabdomyoma

A

benign tumor of the muscle

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30
Q

rhabd/o-

A

rod shaped

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31
Q

what is rhabdomyosarcoma

A

cancerous tumor of the muscle; usually found in children and young adults

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32
Q

what is a rotator cuff tear

A

a tear in one of the rotator muscles of the shoulder that surround the humerus

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33
Q

what is ataxia

A

incoordination of the muscles during movement, especially when walking

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34
Q

what is bradykinesia

A

abnormally slow muscle movements; usually associated with parkinson’s

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35
Q

brady-

A

slow

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36
Q

kines/o-

A

movement

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37
Q

what is dyskinesia

A

abnormal motions that occur because of difficulty controlling voluntary muscles (tics, spasms, jerks)

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38
Q

dys-

A

abnormal

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39
Q

what is hyperkinesis

A

an abnormally increased amount of muscle movements

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40
Q

what is restless leg syndrome

A

uncomfortable restlessness and twitching of leg muscles along with tingling, aching, crawling-insect sensations

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41
Q

what is a tremor

A

involuntary, back-and-forth movements of the hands, jaw, extremities that are continuous and cannot be controlled

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42
Q

what is bursitis

A

inflammation of the bursal sac due to repetitive muscle contractions or pressure on bone underneath the bursa

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43
Q

what is dupuytren contracture

A

progressive disease in which thickening and shortening of the fascia in the palm causes a contracture and flexion deformity of the finger

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44
Q

what is epicondylitis

A

inflammation of muscles and tendons that originate on the bone protrusion on either side of the distal humerus

45
Q

common name from lateral epicondylitis

A

tennis elbow

46
Q

common name for medial epicondylitis

A

golfer’s elbow; pitcher’s elbow

47
Q

what is fasciitis

A

inflammation of the fascia around a muscle

48
Q

where is plantar fasciitis

A

bottom of the foot

49
Q

fasci/o-

A

fascia

50
Q

what is a ganglion

A

semisolid or fluid-containing cyst that grows on a tendon

51
Q

what are shin splints

A

pain and inflammation of the tendons and flexor muscles over the shin due to overuse

52
Q

what is tendinitis

A

inflammation of any tendon due to injury or overuse

53
Q

what is rhabdomyolysis

A

condition where skeletal muscle breaks down rapidly, releasing breakdown products into blood

54
Q

signs and symptoms of rhabdomyolysis

A

muscle pain and weakness, dark urine

55
Q

what is the acetylcholine receptor antibody test

A

detects antibodies against acetylcholine receptors; used to diagnose myasthenia gravis

56
Q

what is electromyography

A

procedure in which a needle electrode is inserted into a muscle to record the electrical activity

57
Q

what is electromyography used to diagnose

A

muscle or nerve diseases

58
Q

electr/o-

A

electricity

59
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

60
Q

what does a brace do

A

supports and straightens a body part while permitting movement

61
Q

another name for brace

A

orthosis

62
Q

what is an adaptive or assistive device

A

device that increases mobility and independence by helping patients perform activities of daily living

63
Q

what is deep tendon reflexes

A

procedure that tests whether the muscular-nervous pathway is functioning normally

64
Q

what is deep tendon reflexes also known as

A

knee-jerk test or patellar reflex test

65
Q

what is a muscle strength test

A

physician presses against part of patients body and asks patient not to let them move that part

66
Q

what are rehabilitation exercises

A

exercises included in a physical therapy rehabilitation plan to help increase muscle strength and improve coordination

67
Q

what is the RICE treatment for minor injuries

A

r= rest
i= ice
c= compression
e= elevation

68
Q

what are trigger point injections

A

procedure to treat fibromyalgia; decrease pain and inflammation

69
Q

what do analgesics treat

A

muscle pain

70
Q

an-

A

without

71
Q

alges/o-

A

sensation of pain

72
Q

what do beta-blockers do

A

relieve tremors by blocking epinephrine

73
Q

what do corticosteroids do

A

decrease severe inflammation

74
Q

what do dopamine stimulants treat

A

restless leg syndrome

75
Q

what do drugs for fibromyalgia do

A

relieve pain and relax muscles

76
Q

what do drugs for myasthenia gravis do

A

inhibit the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine; allows Ach to continue to activate remaining receptors

77
Q

what do muscle relaxants do

A

relieve muscle spasm and stiffness

78
Q

what can muscle relaxants treat

A

multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy

79
Q

what do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs do

A

decrease mild to moderate inflammation and pain

80
Q

what do NSAIDs treat?

A

muscle strains, tendinitis, bursitis, muscle overuse

81
Q

what is a fasciectomy

A

procedure to partially or totally remove the fascia

82
Q

what does a fasciectomy treat

A

Dupuytren contracture

83
Q

what is a fasciotomy? what does it treat?

A

procedure to cut the fascia and release pressure from built up blood and tissue in a patient with compartment syndrome

84
Q

what is a ganglionectomy

A

procedure to remove a ganglion from a tendon

85
Q

what is a muscle biopsy

A

removing a small amount of muscle tissue to diagnose potential causes of muscle weakness

86
Q

what is myorrhaphy

A

procedure to suture together a torn muscle after injury

87
Q

what is tenorrhpahy

A

procedure to suture together a torn tendon after injury

88
Q

ten/o-

A

tendon

89
Q

-rrhaphy

A

procedure of suturing

90
Q

ADA

A

Americans with Disabilities Act

91
Q

ADLs

A

activities of daily living

92
Q

CPK-MM

A

creatine phosphokinase-MM

93
Q

DTRs

A

deep tendon reflexes

94
Q

EMG

A

electromyography ; electromyogram

95
Q

IM

A

intramuscular

96
Q

LLE

A

left lower extremity

97
Q

LUE

A

left upper extremity

98
Q

MD

A

muscular dystrophy

99
Q

NSAID

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

100
Q

ortho

A

orthopedics

101
Q

OSHA

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

102
Q

OT

A

occupational therapist; occupational therapy

103
Q

PM&R

A

physical medicine and rehabilitation

104
Q

PT

A

physical therapy; physical therapist

105
Q

rehab

A

rehabilitation

106
Q

RLE

A

right lower extremity

107
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

108
Q

RSI

A

repetitive strain injury

109
Q

RUE

A

right upper extremity

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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