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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 (3) > Flashcards

Chapter 4 (3) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

pulmon/o-

A

lung

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2
Q

medical specialty that studies the respiratory system

A

pulmonology

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3
Q

nas/o-

A

nose

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4
Q

voice box

A

larynx

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5
Q

what is an upper respiratory infection (URI)

A

bacterial or viral infection of the upper respiratory tract; a head cold

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6
Q

what is asthma

A

hyperactivity of the bronchi or bronchioles to an allergen or inhaled substance

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7
Q

“to breathe hard”

A

asthma

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8
Q

what is bronchitis

A

acute or chronic inflammation of the bronchi

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9
Q

what is bronchiectasis

A

permanent enlargement and loss of elasticity in the bronchioles; allows secretions to accumulate

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10
Q

bronchi/o-

A

bronchus

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11
Q

-iectasis

A

condition of dilation

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12
Q

what does asthma cause

A

inflammation, excess mucus production, and bronchospasm

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13
Q

acute bronchitis is due to

A

infection

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14
Q

chronic bronchitis is due to

A

smoking or pollution

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15
Q

what is reactive airway disease

A

blanket term for conditions with reversible airway narrowing and wheezing

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16
Q

what are abnormal breath sounds (BS)

A

lung sounds that are different from normal and may indicate lung disease or condition

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17
Q

breath sounds that sound like soft wind through a tunnel are

A

normal

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18
Q

breath sounds that sound like irregular crackling or bubbling

A

crackles; rales

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19
Q

what are crackles/rales due to

A

infection in the alveoli

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20
Q

breath sounds that sound like high-pitched whistling or squeaking are

A

wheezes

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21
Q

what are wheezes due to

A

asthma attack or reaction

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22
Q

what is atelectasis

A

collapse of all or part of the lung

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23
Q

atel/o-

A

incomplete

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24
Q

-ectasis

A

condition of dilation

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25
Q

what is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

any type of chronic obstructive lung disease, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema

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26
Q

what is cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

inherited condition caused by recessive gene; causes problems with respiratory, digestive, and sweat secretions

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27
Q

cyst/o-

A

bladder

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28
Q

fibr/o-

A

fiber

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29
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

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30
Q

what happens in the lungs with cystic fibrosis

A

mucus secreted is too think and blocks alveoli

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31
Q

what is empyema

A

localized pus in the lung due to bacterial infection

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32
Q

em-

A

in

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33
Q

py/o-

A

pus

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34
Q

-ema

A

condition

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35
Q

what is influenza

A

respiratory infection caused by a virus

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36
Q

what is legionnaire’s disease

A

severe, sometimes fatal bacterial infection; starts with flulike symptoms and progresses to severe pneumonia

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37
Q

what is occupational lung disease

A

group of diseases caused by constant workplace exposure to inhaled particles

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38
Q

example of occupational lung disease

A

asbestosis

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39
Q

what is lung cancer

A

most common among smokers when tar deposits in the lungs become cancerous and spread

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40
Q

what is pneumonia

A

infection of the lobes of the lungs; fluid, white blood cells, and microorganisms fill passages

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41
Q

aspir/o-

A

to breath in

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42
Q

pneum/o-

A

lung; air

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43
Q

-ia

A

condition; state

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44
Q

what is pulmonary edema

A

build up of fluid in alveoli caused by left-sided heart failure, chest wall trauma, or pneumonia

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45
Q

what is severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

A

severe, communicable viral illness that can be fatal; associated with close contact and enclosed spaces

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46
Q

what is a pulmonary embolism

A

traveling clot or fat globule that lodges in the lung; blocking blood flow and causing SOB; often occurs in patients on bedrest

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47
Q

embol/o-

A

occluding plug (clot)

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48
Q

-ism

A

from a specific cause

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49
Q

what is tuberculosis (TB)

A

communicable disease that is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis

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50
Q

what is a hemothorax

A

blood in the thoracic cavity, usually due to trauma

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51
Q

hem/o-

A

blood

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52
Q

thorax

A

chest

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53
Q

what is pleural effusion

A

accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural space due to inflammation or infection

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54
Q

effus/o-

A

flowing out

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55
Q

what is pleurisy (pleuritis)

A

inflammation or infection of the pleura that causes the two pleural layers to rub against one another and create a pleural fiction rub

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56
Q

pleur/o-

A

lung membrane

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57
Q

-isy

A

condition of infection or inflammation

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58
Q

what is a pneumothorax

A

air in the pleural space that causes the lung to collapse; usually the result of penetration trauma

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59
Q

what is apnea

A

absence of spontaneous respiration due to respiratory failure or arrest

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60
Q

a-

A

without

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61
Q

pne/o-

A

breathing

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62
Q

what is bradypnea

A

abnormally slow rate of breathing due to brain damage or chemical imbalance in the blood

63
Q

brady-

A

slow

64
Q

what is dyspnea

A

abnormal, difficult, labored or painful breathing

65
Q

dys-

A

abnormal

66
Q

what is orthopnea

A

difficulty breathing when lying supine; patient sleeps sitting upright or semi-upright

67
Q

orth/o-

A

straight

68
Q

what is tachypnea

A

abnormally fast rate of breathing due to lung disease

69
Q

tachy-

A

fast

70
Q

purpose of coughing

A

protective mechanism to forcefully expel things from the lungs

71
Q

what is expectoration

A

coughing up sputum

72
Q

ex-

A

away from

73
Q

pector/o-

A

chest

74
Q

-ation

A

process

75
Q

what is hemoptysis

A

coughing up sputum that contains blood

76
Q

hem/o-

A

blood

77
Q

-ptysis

A

condition of coughing up

78
Q

what is anoxia

A

complete lack or severely decreased decreased level of oxygen in arterial blood or body tissues

79
Q

what is anoxia caused by

A

choking, suffocating, drowning

80
Q

an-

A

without

81
Q

ox/o-

A

oxygen

82
Q

what is asphyxia

A

abnormally high level of carbon dioxide and an abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood

83
Q

a-

A

without

84
Q

sphyx/o-

A

pulse

85
Q

what is cyanosis

A

bluish grey skin due to low level of oxygen and high level of carbon dioxide in blood

86
Q

cyan/o-

A

blue

87
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

88
Q

what is hypercapnia

A

very high level of carbon dioxide in arterial blood

89
Q

hyper-

A

above

90
Q

capn/o-

A

carbon dioxide

91
Q

what is hypoxemia

A

very low level of oxygen in arterial blood

92
Q

what are arterial blood gases (ABGs)

A

blood test to measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide in a sample of arterial blood

93
Q

what is carboxyhemoglobin

A

blood test to measure the amount of carbon monoxide in blood; usually done for patients exposed to fire or fumes

94
Q

what is oximetry

A

noninvasive test to measure oxygen saturation of the blood

95
Q

what is a pulmonary function test (PFT)

A

breathing test to measure the volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled or exhaled

96
Q

what is a sleep study

A

procedure to determine whether a patient has obstructive sleep apnea; uses sensors to measure movement, breathing and oxygen level

97
Q

what is used to treat sleep apnea

A

CPAP machine

98
Q

what is a sputum culture and sensitivity (C&S)

A

lab test to identify which bacterium is causing lung infection and the antibiotic sensitivity

99
Q

what is a tuberculosis test

A

tests that show whether a person has been exposed to tuberculosis

100
Q

what is a chest radiography (CXR)

A

x ray of chest

101
Q

what do CT and MRI scans show

A

many images in small slices to provide detailed picture of lung structure

102
Q

what is a lung scan

A

procedure in which radioactive air is inhaled and radioactive drug is injected to identify areas of poor gas uptake and poor perfusion in the lungs

103
Q

what is auscultation and percussion (A&P)

A

assessment of lung health in which breath sounds are listened to with a stethoscope as the back is tapped with fingertips

104
Q

what is cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

procedure to help someone who has stopped breathing and whose heart is not beating

105
Q

mouth-to-mouth resuscitation provides what

A

air to lungs

106
Q

chest compressions do what during CPR

A

forces blood through the heart

107
Q

what does chest percussion therapy do

A

helps loosen mucus

108
Q

what is incentive spirometry

A

procedure to encourage deep breathing in patients post surgery using a measuring device

109
Q

what is a nebulizer treatment

A

procedure in which medication is aerosolized for deep inhalation

110
Q

what is endotracheal intubation

A

insertion of endotracheal tube into the mouth, through the vocal cords, and into the trachea to establish an airway and provide oxygen

111
Q

what is oxygen therapy

A

provision of additional oxygen to patients with lung disease; may use a nasal cannula, oxygen mask, or oxygen hood

112
Q

what do antibiotics treat

A

bacterial infections of respiratory tract

113
Q

what do antituberculars treat

A

tuberculosis only, more than one administered for 9 months

114
Q

what do antitussives treat

A

suppresses cough centers in the brain for patients with a nonproductive cough

115
Q

what do antivirals treat

A

influenza, pneumonia

116
Q

what do bronchodilators do

A

relax smooth muscle around bronchi to dilate bronchi

117
Q

what do corticosteroids do

A

block immune response that causes inflammation in the lungs

118
Q

what do expectorants do

A

reduce the thickness of sputum so it can be coughed up and out of the chest

119
Q

what do smoking cessation drugs do

A

bind to nicotine receptors and provide gradually decreased dose of nicotine until a patient no longer needs nicotine

120
Q

what is a bronchoscopy

A

insertion of lighted bronchoscope through mouth and larynx to examine the trachea and bronchi

121
Q

what is a chest tube insertion

A

placement of a plastic tube in the thoracic cavity to remove air, fluid, or blood that has accumulated due to trauma or infection

122
Q

what is a lung resection

A

surgery to remove all or part of the lung; may be done for cancer biopsy or to treat emphysema

123
Q

what is thoracentesis

A

needle inserted into thoracic cavity to remove fluid from the pleural space; done to prevent pleural effusion or obtain fluid samples

124
Q

thorac/o-

A

chest; thorax

125
Q

-centesis

A

procedure to puncture

126
Q

what is a thoracotomy

A

incision into thoracic cavity; the first step in any thorax or lung procedure

127
Q

-tomy

A

process of cutting/incision

128
Q

what is a tracheostomy

A

opening into the trachea and insertion of plastic tube to provide temporary or permanent access to the lungs for patients needing respiratory support; “trach”

129
Q

-stomy

A

surgically created opening

130
Q

A&P

A

auscultation and percussion

131
Q

ABG

A

arterial blood gases

132
Q

AQI

A

air quality index

133
Q

BS

A

breath sounds

134
Q

C&S

A

culture and sensitivity

135
Q

CT, CAT

A

computerized axial tomography

136
Q

CF

A

cystic fibrosis

137
Q

CO

A

carbon monoxide

138
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

139
Q

CPAP

A

continuous positive airway pressure

140
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

141
Q

CXR

A

chest x-ray

142
Q

endotracheal tube

A

ETT

143
Q

FBO

A

foreign body object

144
Q

LLL

A

left lower lobe (of lung)

145
Q

LUL

A

left upper lobe

146
Q

RLL

A

right lower lobe

147
Q

RML

A

right middle lobe

148
Q

RRT

A

registered respiratory therapist

149
Q

RUL

A

right upper lobe

150
Q

SARS

A

severe acute respiratory syndrome

151
Q

SIDS

A

sudden infant death syndrome

152
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

153
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

154
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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