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Medical Terminology > Chapter 7 (2) > Flashcards

Chapter 7 (2) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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2
Q

ped/o

A

child

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3
Q

-ics

A

knowledge; practice

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4
Q

what is a osteoma

A

benign growth

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5
Q

what is an osteosarcoma

A

malignant growth of osteoblasts

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6
Q

sarc/o

A

connective tissue

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7
Q

what is an ewing sarcoma

A

malignant growth in young men

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8
Q

what is a chondroma

A

benign tumor of the cartilage

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9
Q

what is chondromalacia patellae

A

abnormal softening of the patella due to thinning and uneven wear

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10
Q

malac/o

A

softening

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11
Q

what is a fracture

A

broken bone caused by an accident, injury, or disease

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12
Q

what are stress fractures caused by

A

force or torsion

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13
Q

what are pathologic fractures caused by

A

a disease process

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14
Q

what is osteomalacia

A

abnormal softening of the bone due to a vitamin D deficiency or lack of sun exposure; causes rickets

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15
Q

what is osteomyelitis

A

infection of the bone and bone marrow when bacteria enter the bone following injury or surgery

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16
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

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17
Q

what is the difference between open and closed fractures

A

open penetrate through skin
closed do not

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18
Q

what is osteoporosis

A

abnormal thinning of the bone structure where bone breakdown exceeds bone formation and calcium and phosphorous are lost

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19
Q

where does a colles fracture occur

A

towards the end of the bone

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20
Q

what is pectus excavatum

A

congenital deformity in which the sternum is bent inward creating a depression of the chest

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21
Q

where does a greenstick fracture occur

A

near middle of the bone

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22
Q

what is kyphosis

A

abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine - humpback

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23
Q

what is lordosis

A

abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine - sway back

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24
Q

what is scoliosis

A

abnormal C or S shaped lateral curvature of the spine

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25
Q

what is dextroscoliosis

A

right side scoliosis

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26
Q

what is levoscoliosis

A

left side scoliosis

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27
Q

what is ankylosing spondylitis

A

chronic inflammation of the vertebrae that leads to fibrosis, fusion, and spinal motion restriction

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28
Q

what is spondylolisthesis

A

degenerative condition of the spine in which one vertebra moves anteriorly and slips out of alignment due to intervertebral disk degeneration, sports injury, or compression fracture of vertebrae

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29
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra

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30
Q

-listhesis

A

abnormal condition of slipping

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31
Q

what is genu valgum

A

congenital deformity in which the knees rotate toward the midline and the legs bend away from midline - knock-knee

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32
Q

genu

A

knee

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33
Q

valgum

A

knock-kneed

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34
Q

what is genu varum

A

congenital deformity in which the knees are abnormally far apart and the legs bend towards the midline - bowleg

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35
Q

varum

A

straddling

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36
Q

what is hallux valgus

A

deformity in which the great toe angles toward the other toes and there is swelling at the base - bunion

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37
Q

hallux

A

big toe

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38
Q

what is talipes equinovarus

A

congenital deformity in which the foot is pulled downward and toward the midline - clubfoot

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39
Q

talipes

A

talus-ankle
pes-foot

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40
Q

equino

A

heel is elevated like a horse’s

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41
Q

varus

A

turned inward

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42
Q

what is arthralgia

A

pain in the joint due to injury, inflammation, or infection from various causes

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43
Q

alg/o-

A

pain

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44
Q

what is arthropathy

A

general term for disease of the joint from any cause

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45
Q

what is dislocation

A

displacement of the end of a bone from its normal position in a joint; usually caused by trauma but can occur in the hip of a newborn

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46
Q

what is gout

A

metabolic disorder in which high uric acid levels cause pain in the joint; most often occurs in the big toe

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47
Q

what is rheumatoid arthritis

A

acute and chronic inflammatory disease of the connective tissue, particularly the joints

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48
Q

rheuma

A

watery discharge

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49
Q

-oid

A

resembling

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50
Q

what is osteoarthritis

A

chronic inflammation, pain, stiffness in the joints as cartilage wears away and bone rubs on bone

51
Q

what is a sprain

A

overstretching or tearing of ligaments around a joint

52
Q

what is subluxation

A

partial dislocation with slight displacement of bone ends from the joint

53
Q

what is the difference between subluxation and dislocation

A

the degree of separating of the bones

54
Q

sub

A

below

55
Q

what is a torn meniscus

A

a tear in the cartilage pad in the knee joint because of an injury

56
Q

luxat/o

A

displacement

57
Q

meniscus

A

crescent (moon)

58
Q

what is hemarthrosis

A

condition of the blood in the joint cavity, usually due to blunt trauma or penetrating injury

59
Q

hem/o

A

blood

60
Q

what is the rheumatoid factor

A

blood test that is usually positive in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

61
Q

what is an uric acid test

A

blood test that shoes an elevated level in patients with gout and gouty arthritis

62
Q

what are bone density tests

A

tests that measure bone mineral density (BMD) to diagnose osteoporosis

63
Q

what is an x-ray

A

common diagnostic procedure for the skeletal system for diagnosing fractures, dislocations, and bone tumors

64
Q

what is a cast

A

layer of plaster or fiberglass applied around a fractured bone to immobilize the bone as it heals

65
Q

what is a closed reduction

A

a procedure in which bone ends in a displaced fracture are manually manipulated back into place, often followed by a cast

66
Q

what is a goniometry

A

procedure that measures the angle of a joint and its range of motion

67
Q

goni/o

A

angle

68
Q

what is an orthosis

A

orthopedic device like a brace or splint that is used to keep a body part straight and immobile

69
Q

what is physical therapy

A

exercise that improves a patients range of motion, joint mobility, strength, and balance

70
Q

what is traction (procedure)

A

a procedure that uses weight to pull the bone ends of a fracture into correct alignment

71
Q

what is a prosthesis

A

orthopedic device that is created for a patient following an amputation

72
Q

what are analgesics

A

drugs that treat pain associated with bone injury or surgery

73
Q

alges/o

A

pain

74
Q

what are bone resorption inhibitors

A

drugs that prevent osteoclasts from breaking down bone to treat osteoporosis

75
Q

what are corticosteroids

A

drugs that decrease severe inflammation

76
Q

what are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs)

A

drugs that treat inflammation and pain from osteoarthritis and orthopedic injury

77
Q

what is amputation

A

removal of all or part of an extremity damaged by trauma or disease

78
Q

what is the difference between BKA and AKA amputation

A

BKA: below the knee
AKA: above the knee

79
Q

what is an arthrocentesis

A

removal of accumulated fluid from an injured joint using a needle inserted into the joint space

80
Q

what is arthrodesis

A

procedure where bones are fused in a deteriorated, unstable joint

81
Q

-desis

A

procedure to fuse together

82
Q

what is an arthroscopy

A

visualization of the inside of a joint using an arthroscope inserted into the joint

83
Q

what is a bone graft

A

replacement of bone severely damaged due to bone cancer

84
Q

what is the difference between autograft and allograft

A

autograft: patients own bone
allograft: cadaver bone

85
Q

what is a bunionectomy

A

removal of a bunion that has formed on the metatarsal bone at the base of the great toe

86
Q

what is a cartilage transplantation

A

replacement of damaged cartilage in active middle-aged adults

87
Q

what is an external fixation

A

treatment for complicated fractures where an external device is placed on the bone and secured with metal pins that immobilize the fracture

88
Q

what is joint replacement surgery (arthroplasty)

A

replacement of a joint destroyed by trauma or osteoarthritis with a metal or plastic prosthesis

89
Q

what is a open reduction and internal fixation

A

treatment for a complicated fracture
open reduction: incision is made and bone pieces are realigned
internal fixation: screws and plates are used to hold bones in alignment

90
Q

AKA

A

above the knee amputation

91
Q

anti-CCP

A

anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide

92
Q

BKA

A

below the knee amputation

93
Q

BMD

A

bone mineral density

94
Q

C1

A

first cervical vertebra or atlas

95
Q

C2

A

second cervical vertebra or axis

96
Q

C1-C7

A

cervical vertebrae

97
Q

CT

A

computerized tomography

98
Q

DEXA

A

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

99
Q

DIP

A

distal interphalangeal (joint)

100
Q

DJD

A

degenerative joint disease

101
Q

D.C.

A

doctor of chiropracty

102
Q

D.O

A

doctor of osteopathy

103
Q

D.P.M

A

doctor of podiatric medicine

104
Q

ESWT

A

extracorporeal shock wave therapy

105
Q

FX Fx

A

fracture

106
Q

L1-L5

A

lumbar vertebrae

107
Q

LLE

A

left lower extremity

108
Q

LUE

A

left upper extremity

109
Q

MCP

A

metacarpophalangeal (joint)

110
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

111
Q

NSAID

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

112
Q

OA

A

osteoarthritis

113
Q

ORIF

A

open reduction and internal fixation

114
Q

Ortho

A

orthopedics

115
Q

PT

A

physical therapy or physical therapist

116
Q

QCT

A

quantitative computerized tomography

117
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis

118
Q

RF

A

rheumatoid factor

119
Q

RLE

A

right lower extremity

120
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

121
Q

RUE

A

right upper extremity

122
Q

S1

A

first sacral vertebrae

123
Q

THR

A

total hip replacement

124
Q

tib-fib

A

tibia-fibula

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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