Chapter 7 (2) Flashcards
orth/o
straight
ped/o
child
-ics
knowledge; practice
what is a osteoma
benign growth
what is an osteosarcoma
malignant growth of osteoblasts
sarc/o
connective tissue
what is an ewing sarcoma
malignant growth in young men
what is a chondroma
benign tumor of the cartilage
what is chondromalacia patellae
abnormal softening of the patella due to thinning and uneven wear
malac/o
softening
what is a fracture
broken bone caused by an accident, injury, or disease
what are stress fractures caused by
force or torsion
what are pathologic fractures caused by
a disease process
what is osteomalacia
abnormal softening of the bone due to a vitamin D deficiency or lack of sun exposure; causes rickets
what is osteomyelitis
infection of the bone and bone marrow when bacteria enter the bone following injury or surgery
myel/o
bone marrow
what is the difference between open and closed fractures
open penetrate through skin
closed do not
what is osteoporosis
abnormal thinning of the bone structure where bone breakdown exceeds bone formation and calcium and phosphorous are lost
where does a colles fracture occur
towards the end of the bone
what is pectus excavatum
congenital deformity in which the sternum is bent inward creating a depression of the chest
where does a greenstick fracture occur
near middle of the bone
what is kyphosis
abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine - humpback
what is lordosis
abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine - sway back
what is scoliosis
abnormal C or S shaped lateral curvature of the spine
what is dextroscoliosis
right side scoliosis
what is levoscoliosis
left side scoliosis
what is ankylosing spondylitis
chronic inflammation of the vertebrae that leads to fibrosis, fusion, and spinal motion restriction
what is spondylolisthesis
degenerative condition of the spine in which one vertebra moves anteriorly and slips out of alignment due to intervertebral disk degeneration, sports injury, or compression fracture of vertebrae
spondyl/o
vertebra
-listhesis
abnormal condition of slipping
what is genu valgum
congenital deformity in which the knees rotate toward the midline and the legs bend away from midline - knock-knee
genu
knee
valgum
knock-kneed
what is genu varum
congenital deformity in which the knees are abnormally far apart and the legs bend towards the midline - bowleg
varum
straddling
what is hallux valgus
deformity in which the great toe angles toward the other toes and there is swelling at the base - bunion
hallux
big toe
what is talipes equinovarus
congenital deformity in which the foot is pulled downward and toward the midline - clubfoot
talipes
talus-ankle
pes-foot
equino
heel is elevated like a horse’s
varus
turned inward
what is arthralgia
pain in the joint due to injury, inflammation, or infection from various causes
alg/o-
pain
what is arthropathy
general term for disease of the joint from any cause
what is dislocation
displacement of the end of a bone from its normal position in a joint; usually caused by trauma but can occur in the hip of a newborn
what is gout
metabolic disorder in which high uric acid levels cause pain in the joint; most often occurs in the big toe
what is rheumatoid arthritis
acute and chronic inflammatory disease of the connective tissue, particularly the joints
rheuma
watery discharge
-oid
resembling
what is osteoarthritis
chronic inflammation, pain, stiffness in the joints as cartilage wears away and bone rubs on bone
what is a sprain
overstretching or tearing of ligaments around a joint
what is subluxation
partial dislocation with slight displacement of bone ends from the joint
what is the difference between subluxation and dislocation
the degree of separating of the bones
sub
below
what is a torn meniscus
a tear in the cartilage pad in the knee joint because of an injury
luxat/o
displacement
meniscus
crescent (moon)
what is hemarthrosis
condition of the blood in the joint cavity, usually due to blunt trauma or penetrating injury
hem/o
blood
what is the rheumatoid factor
blood test that is usually positive in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
what is an uric acid test
blood test that shoes an elevated level in patients with gout and gouty arthritis
what are bone density tests
tests that measure bone mineral density (BMD) to diagnose osteoporosis
what is an x-ray
common diagnostic procedure for the skeletal system for diagnosing fractures, dislocations, and bone tumors
what is a cast
layer of plaster or fiberglass applied around a fractured bone to immobilize the bone as it heals
what is a closed reduction
a procedure in which bone ends in a displaced fracture are manually manipulated back into place, often followed by a cast
what is a goniometry
procedure that measures the angle of a joint and its range of motion
goni/o
angle
what is an orthosis
orthopedic device like a brace or splint that is used to keep a body part straight and immobile
what is physical therapy
exercise that improves a patients range of motion, joint mobility, strength, and balance
what is traction (procedure)
a procedure that uses weight to pull the bone ends of a fracture into correct alignment
what is a prosthesis
orthopedic device that is created for a patient following an amputation
what are analgesics
drugs that treat pain associated with bone injury or surgery
alges/o
pain
what are bone resorption inhibitors
drugs that prevent osteoclasts from breaking down bone to treat osteoporosis
what are corticosteroids
drugs that decrease severe inflammation
what are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs)
drugs that treat inflammation and pain from osteoarthritis and orthopedic injury
what is amputation
removal of all or part of an extremity damaged by trauma or disease
what is the difference between BKA and AKA amputation
BKA: below the knee
AKA: above the knee
what is an arthrocentesis
removal of accumulated fluid from an injured joint using a needle inserted into the joint space
what is arthrodesis
procedure where bones are fused in a deteriorated, unstable joint
-desis
procedure to fuse together
what is an arthroscopy
visualization of the inside of a joint using an arthroscope inserted into the joint
what is a bone graft
replacement of bone severely damaged due to bone cancer
what is the difference between autograft and allograft
autograft: patients own bone
allograft: cadaver bone
what is a bunionectomy
removal of a bunion that has formed on the metatarsal bone at the base of the great toe
what is a cartilage transplantation
replacement of damaged cartilage in active middle-aged adults
what is an external fixation
treatment for complicated fractures where an external device is placed on the bone and secured with metal pins that immobilize the fracture
what is joint replacement surgery (arthroplasty)
replacement of a joint destroyed by trauma or osteoarthritis with a metal or plastic prosthesis
what is a open reduction and internal fixation
treatment for a complicated fracture
open reduction: incision is made and bone pieces are realigned
internal fixation: screws and plates are used to hold bones in alignment
AKA
above the knee amputation
anti-CCP
anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide
BKA
below the knee amputation
BMD
bone mineral density
C1
first cervical vertebra or atlas
C2
second cervical vertebra or axis
C1-C7
cervical vertebrae
CT
computerized tomography
DEXA
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
DIP
distal interphalangeal (joint)
DJD
degenerative joint disease
D.C.
doctor of chiropracty
D.O
doctor of osteopathy
D.P.M
doctor of podiatric medicine
ESWT
extracorporeal shock wave therapy
FX Fx
fracture
L1-L5
lumbar vertebrae
LLE
left lower extremity
LUE
left upper extremity
MCP
metacarpophalangeal (joint)
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
OA
osteoarthritis
ORIF
open reduction and internal fixation
Ortho
orthopedics
PT
physical therapy or physical therapist
QCT
quantitative computerized tomography
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
RF
rheumatoid factor
RLE
right lower extremity
ROM
range of motion
RUE
right upper extremity
S1
first sacral vertebrae
THR
total hip replacement
tib-fib
tibia-fibula
