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Medical Terminology > Chapter 2 (1) > Flashcards

Chapter 2 (1) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what is dermatology

A

medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the integumentary system

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2
Q

what does the integumentary system consist of

A

the skin, nails, and subcutaneous tissue

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3
Q

what are the functions of the integumentary system

A

protection, repair, sensation, synthesis of vitamin D, and thermoregulation

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4
Q

integument/o

A

skin

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5
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to

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6
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

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7
Q

-ous

A

pertaining to

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8
Q

what are the two layers of the skin

A

epidermis
dermis

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9
Q

what is the epidermis made of

A

epithelial tissues

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10
Q

what is the adj for epidermis

A

epidermal

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11
Q

what is the dermis made of

A

connective tissue

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12
Q

what is the adj for dermis

A

dermal

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13
Q

what are the abbreviations for subcutaneous

A

SQ
sub-Q
subcu

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14
Q

what is another name for subcutaneous tissue

A

hypodermis

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15
Q

what is the hypodermis composed of

A

adipose tissue
loose areolar tissue

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16
Q

what causes the thickness variation in the subcutaneous tissue

A

amount of fat stored

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17
Q

what is dermatitis

A

any infection or inflammation of the skin

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18
Q

what is edema

A

swelling from excessive amounts of fluid that move from the blood into the dermis or subQ

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19
Q

what is it called when pressure on a place of edema displaces the tissue fluid and produces an indentation

A

pitting edema

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20
Q

what is a hemorrhage

A

injury to the blood vessels that releases blood into the skin

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21
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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22
Q

-rrhage

A

excessive flow

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23
Q

what is a lesion

A

any area of visible damage on the skin or a variation from normal skin

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24
Q

what is a cyst

A

elevated circular mound

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25
Q

what is the color of a cyst

A

skin color or erythema

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26
Q

what are the contents of a cyst

A

semisolid or partly fluid filled

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27
Q

what are two examples of cysts

A

acne
sebaceous cyst

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28
Q

what is a fissure

A

small, cracklike crevice

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29
Q

what is the color of a fissure

A

erythema

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30
Q

what is a fissure filled with

A

nothing

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31
Q

what is an example of a fissure

A

dry, chapped skin

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32
Q

what is a macule

A

flat circle

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33
Q

what color is a macule

A

pigmented brown or black

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34
Q

what are two examples of macules

A

freckle
age spot

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35
Q

what is a papule

A

elevated part of skin

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36
Q

what is the color of a papule

A

skin color or erythema

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37
Q

is a papule solid or liquid filled

A

solid

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38
Q

what is an example of a papule

A

acne pimple

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39
Q

what is a pustule

A

elevated part of skin

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40
Q

what color is a pustule

A

white top

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41
Q

what is a pustule filled with

A

pus

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42
Q

what is an example of a pustule

A

acne whitehead

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43
Q

what is a scale

A

flat to slightly elevated, thin flake

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44
Q

what color is a scale

A

white

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45
Q

what are two examples of a scale

A

dandruff
psoriasis

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46
Q

what is a vesicle

A

elevated with pointed top

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47
Q

what is the color of a vesicle

A

erythema with transparent top

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48
Q

what is a vesicle filled with

A

clear fluid

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49
Q

what are three examples of vesicles

A

herpes
chickenpox
shingles

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50
Q

what is a wheal

A

elevated with broad, flat top

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51
Q

what color is a wheal

A

erythema with a pale top

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52
Q

what is a wheal filled with

A

clear fluid

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53
Q

what are two examples of wheals

A

insect bites
urticaria

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54
Q

what is neoplasm

A

new growth on the skin, benign or malignant

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55
Q

neo-

A

new

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56
Q

-plasm

A

growth

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57
Q

what is pruritus

A

the condition of itching

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58
Q

what causes pruritus

A

many diseases, especially allergic reactions on the skin

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59
Q

what is a rash

A

a red or pink skin lesion that is flat or raised, itchy or not itchy

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60
Q

what is xeroderma

A

excessively dry skin

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61
Q

xer/o-

A

dry

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62
Q

-derma

A

skin

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63
Q

where are melanocytes located

A

epidermis

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64
Q

what do melanocytes produce

A

the pigment melanin

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65
Q

what does melanin do

A

absorb sun’s UV light

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66
Q

what causes sunburn to occur

A

when melanocytes cannot absorb all the UV light

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67
Q

melan/o-

A

black

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68
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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69
Q

what causes differences in skin tone

A

amount of melanin

number of melanocytes do not differ

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70
Q

what is albinism

A

genetic mutation in which melanocytes do not produce melanin

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71
Q

what does albinism result in

A

lack of coloration of the skin, hair, and eye

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72
Q

albin/o

A

white

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73
Q

-ism

A

disease from a specific cause

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74
Q

what is cyanosis

A

a bluish-purple discoloration of the skin and nails

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75
Q

cyan/o-

A

blue

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76
Q

-osis

A

condition, process

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77
Q

what is erythema

A

red discoloration of the skin that can be local or over a large area

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78
Q

eryth/o-

A

red

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79
Q

-ema

A

condition

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80
Q

what is jaundice

A

yellowish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera due to inability of the liver to process bilirubin

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81
Q

jaund/o

A

yellow

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82
Q

-ice

A

state

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83
Q

what is necrosis

A

gray-to-black discoloration of the skin due to skin death from a burn, ulcer, wound, or poor blood supply

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84
Q

necr/o-

A

dead tissue

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85
Q

-osis

A

condition, process

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86
Q

what is vitiligo

A

autoimmune disease in which melanocytes are slowly destroyed and patches of depigmentation appear

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87
Q

what kind of disorder is vitiligo

A

progressive disorder

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88
Q

what does vitum mean

A

defect

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89
Q

what can severe frostbite cause

A

necrosis

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90
Q

what is gangrene

A

bacterial infection

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91
Q

what is an abrasion

A

sliding or scraping injury that mechanically removes the epidermis

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92
Q

abras/o

A

scrape off

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93
Q

-ion

A

action, condition

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94
Q

what is a blister

A

fluid-filled sac with a thin, transparent covering of epidermal cells; caused by repetitive rubbing injury

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95
Q

what is a blister filled with

A

interstitial fluid

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96
Q

what is a burn

A

caused by heat, hot objects, steam, boiling water, electricity, chemicals, and radiation

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97
Q

what are three types of burns

A

superficial (1st degree)
partial-thickness (2nd degree)
full thickness (3rd degree)

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98
Q

if there is a blister, what degree burn is it

A

second degree

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99
Q

what is a callus

A

thickened, elevated pad on the dermis caused by repetitive rubbing

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100
Q

what is a cicatrix

A

collagen that forms as an injury heals
a scar

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101
Q

what is an excoriation

A

superficial injury with a sharp object that creates a linear scratch on the skin

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102
Q

what is a keloid

A

firm abnormally large scar that grows larger than the original injury due to the overproduction of collagen

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103
Q

kel/o

A

tumor

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104
Q

-oid

A

resembling

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105
Q

what is a laceration

A

linear penetrating wound
-may have clean-cut edges or torn ragged edges

106
Q

lacer/o

A

tearing

107
Q

-ation

A

having

108
Q

what is a decubitus ulcer

A

ulcer in the skin caused by epidermal and dermal breakdown

109
Q

what causes a decubitus ulcer

A

constant pressure on the skin that decreases blood flow over bony areas

110
Q

decubitus

A

lying down (latin)

111
Q

what is an abscess

A

localized pus-containing pocket under the skin caused by a bacterial infection

112
Q

furuncle

A

abscess around the hair follicle

113
Q

carbuncle

A

several furuncles

114
Q

what is cellulitis

A

infection and inflammation of the connective tissues of the skin

115
Q

cellul/o

A

cell

116
Q

-itis

A

inflammation of, infection of

117
Q

what is shingles

A

infection with the virus herpes that involves vesicles, erythema, edema, and pain

118
Q

where do shingles lesions occur

A

along a dermatome (area of skin associated with a specific spinal nerve that goes to the spinal cord)

119
Q

what is a dermatome

A

area of skin that sends sensory information to the spinal cord

120
Q

a dermatome is also used to refer to a ______________

A

medical instrument

121
Q

what is verruca

A

rough, irregular skin lesion caused by the human papillomavirus that occurs on hands, fingers, or soles of feet

122
Q

what is verruca also known as

A

wart

123
Q

tinea

A

worm

124
Q

what is tinea

A

fungal infection of the skin that causes severe itching and burning with red, scaly lesions

125
Q

capitis

A

head

126
Q

corporis

A

body

127
Q

cruris

A

groin

128
Q

pedis

A

feet

129
Q

what is pediculosis

A

infestation of lice and their eggs that can occur in the scalp, hair, eyelashes, and genital area

130
Q

pediculo/o

A

lice

131
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

132
Q

what are nits

A

eggs

133
Q

what is scabies

A

infestation of parasitic mites that tunnel under the skin and produce itchy vesicles

134
Q

what is contact dermatitis

A

dermatitis caused by physical contact with an allergen or irritant like deodorant, soap, makeup, or urine

135
Q

what is urticaria

A

local allergic reaction to food, plants, animals, insect bites, or drugs

136
Q

what causes urticaria

A

caused by the release of histamines and involves raised areas of redness and edema that occur suddenly

137
Q

what are actinic keratosis

A

raised, rough areas due to chronic sun exposure

138
Q

actin/o

A

rays of the sun

139
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

140
Q

kerat/o

A

hard, fibrous protein

141
Q

what is a hemangioma

A

mass of superficial, dilated blood vessels present at birth that usually disappears without treatment

142
Q

hem/o

A

blood

143
Q

angi/o

A

blood vessel

144
Q

what is a lipoma

A

rounded growth of adipose tissue in the skin

145
Q

lip/o

A

fat

146
Q

what is a nevus

A

lesion that comes in a variety of shapes and colors and is present at birth
(mole, birthmark)

147
Q

what is a papilloma

A

soft, flesh colored growth that protrudes from the skin and grows as a flap or polyp on a stalk (skin tag)

148
Q

papill/o

A

elevated structure

149
Q

what is senile lentigo

A

light-to-dark brown, flat macules on the skin in areas exposed to the sun
(age spots)

150
Q

sen/o

A

old age

151
Q

what is syndactyly

A

condition in which the skin and tissues between the toes or fingers are joined

152
Q

syn-

A

together

153
Q

-dactyly

A

condition of fingers or toes

154
Q

where does basal cell carcinoma begin

A

basal epidermis

155
Q

where does malignant melanoma begin

A

melanocytes

156
Q

where does squamous cell carcinoma begin

A

squamous epidermis

157
Q

melan/o-

A

black

158
Q

what is basal cell carcinoma

A

slow growing cancer that appears as a raised, pearly bump

159
Q

what is malignant melanoma

A

fast growing and spreading cancer

160
Q

what is squamous cell carcinoma

A

slow growing red bump or ulcer

161
Q

what do the ABCDE stand for for malignant melanoma

A

A - asymmetry
B - irregular border
C - varied coloring
D - large diameter
E - evolving size increase

162
Q

what is psoriasis

A

autoimmune disorder in which too many abnormal epidermal cells are produced and itchy, silvery scales and plaques are produced

163
Q

psor/o

A

itching

164
Q

what is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

autoimmune disorder where collagen in the skin and connective tissues deteriorates

165
Q

what is SLE characterized by

A

a butterfly rash on the nose and cheeks

166
Q

what kind of glands are sebaceous or oil glands

A

exocrine glands

167
Q

what do sebaceous glands produce

A

sebum

168
Q

what are the functions of sebum

A

coats hair shaft and moisturizes the skins surface

169
Q

what is acne vulgaris

A

chronic skin condition of adolescence where sebum hardens and blocks hair follicles producing comedos

170
Q

what are comedos

A

black and white headed pimples

171
Q

ackme

A

facial eruptions

172
Q

vulgaris

A

common

173
Q

what is rosacea

A

chronic skin condition of middle age where skin has blotchy erythema and dilated blood vessels

174
Q

what kind of glands are sudoriferous or eccrine glands

A

exocrine glands

175
Q

what do sudoriferous or eccrine glands secrete

A

sweat through duct that opens into a pore

176
Q

what causes sweat to have an odor

A

when it comes into contact with bacteria on skin’s surface

177
Q

what is anhidrosis

A

congenital absence of sweat glands so no sweat is produced and heat is intolerable

178
Q

an-

A

without

179
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat

180
Q

what is diaphoresis

A

profuse sweating that may indicate a serious underlying condition like myocardial infarction, hyperthyroidism, or drug withdraw

181
Q

dia-

A

complete

182
Q

phor/o

A

bear, carry

183
Q

what gives color to hair

A

melanocytes

184
Q

where does hair form

A

in hair follicle in the dermis

185
Q

what makes hair shafts strong

A

they are filled with keratin

186
Q

when does piloerection occur

A

when skin is cold

187
Q

pil/o-

A

hair

188
Q

ect/o-

A

stand up

189
Q

-ion

A

action or condition

190
Q

what is alopecia

A

loss of hair from the scalp due to disease, medication, or changes in hormone levels

191
Q

alopec/o

A

bald

192
Q

what is hirsutism

A

presence of excessive, dark hair on the forearms and upper lip of women caused by hormone changes associated with a tumor of the adrenal cortex

193
Q

hirsut/o

A

hairy

194
Q

-ism

A

disease from a specific cause

195
Q

what is the nail plate

A

hard flat part of the nail

196
Q

what is the nail root

A

located under the skin on the upper surface of finger

197
Q

what is the lunula

A

white half moon at the base of fingernail

198
Q

what is the cuticle

A

edge around the base of the nail

199
Q

what is the nail bed

A

pink part that lies under the nail plate

200
Q

what is clubbing and cyanosis

A

abnormal downward curve and bluish coloration of the fingernails accompanied by stunted growth of the fingers

201
Q

what disease is clubbing and cyanosis associated with

A

lack of oxygen in cystic fibrosis

202
Q

what is onychomycosis

A

fungal infection of the nail where the nail root is infected and the nail is deformed as it grows

203
Q

onych/o-

A

fingernail, toenail

204
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

205
Q

how is a culture and sensitivity (C&S) done

A

growth of bacteria taken from a wound or lesion in a lab

206
Q

how is allergy skin testing done

A

intradermal injection or scratch of liquid allergen that forms a wheal in response to the allergen if there is an allergy

207
Q

how is skin scraping done

A

scraping of cells from a lesion done with the edge of a scalpel

208
Q

why is skin scraping done

A

to diagnose tinea (ringworm) by looking at the skin cells under a microscope

209
Q

what is the tzanck test

A

scraping of fluid from a vesicle to produce a slide for microscope inspection to diagnose herpes virus or shingles

210
Q

what is a wood lamp or light

A

UV light used to highlight areas of abnormal skin that makes vitiligo appear bright white and tinea capitis appear blue-green

211
Q

what is botox used as a treatment for

A

deep wrinkles or migraines

212
Q

what are collagen injections used as a treatment for

A

wrinkles or acne scars

213
Q

what is cryolipolysis used as a treatment for

A

unwanted fat deposits by applying a cold device to the skin to cause fat cells to crystalize and die

214
Q

cry/o

A

cold

215
Q

what is cryosurgery

A

treatment for benign or small malignant lesions where liquid nitrogen is applied to the lesion to freeze/destroy it

216
Q

what is debridement

A

treatment for necrotic tissue removal that prevents infection and creates new surface for healing and grafting

217
Q

what is electrosurgery

A

treatment for benign or small malignant lesions where electricity evaporated cellular contents and kills cells

218
Q

what is incision and drainage (I&D)

A

treatment to drain fluid where an incision is made and fluid is expressed or drained

219
Q

what is a skin examination

A

inspection of the skin during dermatologist visit

220
Q

what is skin resurfacing

A

treatment to improve skin appearance that involves removal of part of the epidermis

221
Q

what is a skin turgor assessment

A

assessment of hydration level where skin is pulled up and time to flatten is noted

222
Q

what is suturing

A

treatment to bring edges of skin together after laceration in injury

223
Q

what is ultherapy

A

treatment for wrinkles on the face and neck where ultrasound waves stimulate production of new collagen

224
Q

what are anesthetic drugs

A

provide temporary numbness of skin

225
Q

esthet/o

A

feeling/sensation

226
Q

what are antibiotic drugs

A

treat bacterial infections or acne vulgaris

227
Q

bi/o

A

living organism

228
Q

anti

A

against

229
Q

what are antifungal drugs

A

treat fungal infections

230
Q

what are antipruritic drugs

A

treat itching associated with skin diseases

231
Q

what are antiviral drugs

A

treat viral infections

232
Q

what are coal tar drugs

A

treat psoriasis by slowing multiplication of epidermal cells

233
Q

what are corticosteroid drugs

A

treat inflammation by suppressing immune response

234
Q

what are alopecia drugs

A

improve blood flow to scalp to increase hair growth

235
Q

what do drugs for infestations treat

A

scabies and pediculosis

236
Q

what do vitamin A type drugs treat

A

acne vulgaris and cystic acne

237
Q

what does topical route of administration mean

A

applied directly to skin

238
Q

what does a transdermal route of administration mean

A

patches applied directly to skin

239
Q

what does an intradermal route of administration mean

A

needle inserted just under the epidermis

240
Q

what does a hypodermic route of administration mean

A

needle inserted all the way into the hypodermis

241
Q

what is a biopsy (Bx)

A

removal or all or part of a skin lesion or tumor

242
Q

-opsy

A

process of viewing

243
Q

what is dermatoplasty

A

any type of plastic surgery to the skin

244
Q

what is liposuction

A

removal of excessive fat deposits by suctioning out subcutaneous tissue

245
Q

what is mohs surgery

A

removal of skin cancers with irregular shapes and depths

246
Q

what is a rhytidectomy

A

removal of wrinkles of tighten loose skin on the face

247
Q

rhytid/o

A

wrinkle

248
Q

what is skin grafting

A

use of human or artificial skin to provide a temporary covering or permanent layer of skin over a burn or wound

249
Q

Bx

A

biopsy

250
Q

C&S

A

culture and sensitivity

251
Q

derm

A

dermatology

252
Q

HAI

A

healthcare-associated infection

253
Q

HSV

A

herpes simplex virus

254
Q

I&D

A

incision and drainage

255
Q

IgE

A

immunoglobulin E

256
Q

PDT

A

photodynamic therapy

257
Q

PUVA

A

psoralen drug and UV A (light therapy)

258
Q

SLE

A

systemic lupus erythematosus

259
Q

SQ

A

subcutaneous

260
Q

subcu or subQ

A

subcutaneous

261
Q

UVB

A

ultraviolet light B

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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