Chapter 2 (1) Flashcards
what is dermatology
medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the integumentary system
what does the integumentary system consist of
the skin, nails, and subcutaneous tissue
what are the functions of the integumentary system
protection, repair, sensation, synthesis of vitamin D, and thermoregulation
integument/o
skin
-ary
pertaining to
cutane/o
skin
-ous
pertaining to
what are the two layers of the skin
epidermis
dermis
what is the epidermis made of
epithelial tissues
what is the adj for epidermis
epidermal
what is the dermis made of
connective tissue
what is the adj for dermis
dermal
what are the abbreviations for subcutaneous
SQ
sub-Q
subcu
what is another name for subcutaneous tissue
hypodermis
what is the hypodermis composed of
adipose tissue
loose areolar tissue
what causes the thickness variation in the subcutaneous tissue
amount of fat stored
what is dermatitis
any infection or inflammation of the skin
what is edema
swelling from excessive amounts of fluid that move from the blood into the dermis or subQ
what is it called when pressure on a place of edema displaces the tissue fluid and produces an indentation
pitting edema
what is a hemorrhage
injury to the blood vessels that releases blood into the skin
hem/o
blood
-rrhage
excessive flow
what is a lesion
any area of visible damage on the skin or a variation from normal skin
what is a cyst
elevated circular mound
what is the color of a cyst
skin color or erythema
what are the contents of a cyst
semisolid or partly fluid filled
what are two examples of cysts
acne
sebaceous cyst
what is a fissure
small, cracklike crevice
what is the color of a fissure
erythema
what is a fissure filled with
nothing
what is an example of a fissure
dry, chapped skin
what is a macule
flat circle
what color is a macule
pigmented brown or black
what are two examples of macules
freckle
age spot
what is a papule
elevated part of skin
what is the color of a papule
skin color or erythema
is a papule solid or liquid filled
solid
what is an example of a papule
acne pimple
what is a pustule
elevated part of skin
what color is a pustule
white top
what is a pustule filled with
pus
what is an example of a pustule
acne whitehead
what is a scale
flat to slightly elevated, thin flake
what color is a scale
white
what are two examples of a scale
dandruff
psoriasis
what is a vesicle
elevated with pointed top
what is the color of a vesicle
erythema with transparent top
what is a vesicle filled with
clear fluid
what are three examples of vesicles
herpes
chickenpox
shingles
what is a wheal
elevated with broad, flat top
what color is a wheal
erythema with a pale top
what is a wheal filled with
clear fluid
what are two examples of wheals
insect bites
urticaria
what is neoplasm
new growth on the skin, benign or malignant
neo-
new
-plasm
growth
what is pruritus
the condition of itching
what causes pruritus
many diseases, especially allergic reactions on the skin
what is a rash
a red or pink skin lesion that is flat or raised, itchy or not itchy
what is xeroderma
excessively dry skin
xer/o-
dry
-derma
skin
where are melanocytes located
epidermis
what do melanocytes produce
the pigment melanin
what does melanin do
absorb sun’s UV light
what causes sunburn to occur
when melanocytes cannot absorb all the UV light
melan/o-
black
-cyte
cell
what causes differences in skin tone
amount of melanin
number of melanocytes do not differ
what is albinism
genetic mutation in which melanocytes do not produce melanin
what does albinism result in
lack of coloration of the skin, hair, and eye
albin/o
white
-ism
disease from a specific cause
what is cyanosis
a bluish-purple discoloration of the skin and nails
cyan/o-
blue
-osis
condition, process
what is erythema
red discoloration of the skin that can be local or over a large area
eryth/o-
red
-ema
condition
what is jaundice
yellowish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera due to inability of the liver to process bilirubin
jaund/o
yellow
-ice
state
what is necrosis
gray-to-black discoloration of the skin due to skin death from a burn, ulcer, wound, or poor blood supply
necr/o-
dead tissue
-osis
condition, process
what is vitiligo
autoimmune disease in which melanocytes are slowly destroyed and patches of depigmentation appear
what kind of disorder is vitiligo
progressive disorder
what does vitum mean
defect
what can severe frostbite cause
necrosis
what is gangrene
bacterial infection
what is an abrasion
sliding or scraping injury that mechanically removes the epidermis
abras/o
scrape off
-ion
action, condition
what is a blister
fluid-filled sac with a thin, transparent covering of epidermal cells; caused by repetitive rubbing injury
what is a blister filled with
interstitial fluid
what is a burn
caused by heat, hot objects, steam, boiling water, electricity, chemicals, and radiation
what are three types of burns
superficial (1st degree)
partial-thickness (2nd degree)
full thickness (3rd degree)
if there is a blister, what degree burn is it
second degree
what is a callus
thickened, elevated pad on the dermis caused by repetitive rubbing
what is a cicatrix
collagen that forms as an injury heals
a scar
what is an excoriation
superficial injury with a sharp object that creates a linear scratch on the skin
what is a keloid
firm abnormally large scar that grows larger than the original injury due to the overproduction of collagen
kel/o
tumor
-oid
resembling
what is a laceration
linear penetrating wound
-may have clean-cut edges or torn ragged edges
lacer/o
tearing
-ation
having
what is a decubitus ulcer
ulcer in the skin caused by epidermal and dermal breakdown
what causes a decubitus ulcer
constant pressure on the skin that decreases blood flow over bony areas
decubitus
lying down (latin)
what is an abscess
localized pus-containing pocket under the skin caused by a bacterial infection
furuncle
abscess around the hair follicle
carbuncle
several furuncles
what is cellulitis
infection and inflammation of the connective tissues of the skin
cellul/o
cell
-itis
inflammation of, infection of
what is shingles
infection with the virus herpes that involves vesicles, erythema, edema, and pain
where do shingles lesions occur
along a dermatome (area of skin associated with a specific spinal nerve that goes to the spinal cord)
what is a dermatome
area of skin that sends sensory information to the spinal cord
a dermatome is also used to refer to a ______________
medical instrument
what is verruca
rough, irregular skin lesion caused by the human papillomavirus that occurs on hands, fingers, or soles of feet
what is verruca also known as
wart
tinea
worm
what is tinea
fungal infection of the skin that causes severe itching and burning with red, scaly lesions
capitis
head
corporis
body
cruris
groin
pedis
feet
what is pediculosis
infestation of lice and their eggs that can occur in the scalp, hair, eyelashes, and genital area
pediculo/o
lice
-osis
abnormal condition
what are nits
eggs
what is scabies
infestation of parasitic mites that tunnel under the skin and produce itchy vesicles
what is contact dermatitis
dermatitis caused by physical contact with an allergen or irritant like deodorant, soap, makeup, or urine
what is urticaria
local allergic reaction to food, plants, animals, insect bites, or drugs
what causes urticaria
caused by the release of histamines and involves raised areas of redness and edema that occur suddenly
what are actinic keratosis
raised, rough areas due to chronic sun exposure
actin/o
rays of the sun
-ic
pertaining to
kerat/o
hard, fibrous protein
what is a hemangioma
mass of superficial, dilated blood vessels present at birth that usually disappears without treatment
hem/o
blood
angi/o
blood vessel
what is a lipoma
rounded growth of adipose tissue in the skin
lip/o
fat
what is a nevus
lesion that comes in a variety of shapes and colors and is present at birth
(mole, birthmark)
what is a papilloma
soft, flesh colored growth that protrudes from the skin and grows as a flap or polyp on a stalk (skin tag)
papill/o
elevated structure
what is senile lentigo
light-to-dark brown, flat macules on the skin in areas exposed to the sun
(age spots)
sen/o
old age
what is syndactyly
condition in which the skin and tissues between the toes or fingers are joined
syn-
together
-dactyly
condition of fingers or toes
where does basal cell carcinoma begin
basal epidermis
where does malignant melanoma begin
melanocytes
where does squamous cell carcinoma begin
squamous epidermis
melan/o-
black
what is basal cell carcinoma
slow growing cancer that appears as a raised, pearly bump
what is malignant melanoma
fast growing and spreading cancer
what is squamous cell carcinoma
slow growing red bump or ulcer
what do the ABCDE stand for for malignant melanoma
A - asymmetry
B - irregular border
C - varied coloring
D - large diameter
E - evolving size increase
what is psoriasis
autoimmune disorder in which too many abnormal epidermal cells are produced and itchy, silvery scales and plaques are produced
psor/o
itching
what is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
autoimmune disorder where collagen in the skin and connective tissues deteriorates
what is SLE characterized by
a butterfly rash on the nose and cheeks
what kind of glands are sebaceous or oil glands
exocrine glands
what do sebaceous glands produce
sebum
what are the functions of sebum
coats hair shaft and moisturizes the skins surface
what is acne vulgaris
chronic skin condition of adolescence where sebum hardens and blocks hair follicles producing comedos
what are comedos
black and white headed pimples
ackme
facial eruptions
vulgaris
common
what is rosacea
chronic skin condition of middle age where skin has blotchy erythema and dilated blood vessels
what kind of glands are sudoriferous or eccrine glands
exocrine glands
what do sudoriferous or eccrine glands secrete
sweat through duct that opens into a pore
what causes sweat to have an odor
when it comes into contact with bacteria on skin’s surface
what is anhidrosis
congenital absence of sweat glands so no sweat is produced and heat is intolerable
an-
without
hidr/o
sweat
what is diaphoresis
profuse sweating that may indicate a serious underlying condition like myocardial infarction, hyperthyroidism, or drug withdraw
dia-
complete
phor/o
bear, carry
what gives color to hair
melanocytes
where does hair form
in hair follicle in the dermis
what makes hair shafts strong
they are filled with keratin
when does piloerection occur
when skin is cold
pil/o-
hair
ect/o-
stand up
-ion
action or condition
what is alopecia
loss of hair from the scalp due to disease, medication, or changes in hormone levels
alopec/o
bald
what is hirsutism
presence of excessive, dark hair on the forearms and upper lip of women caused by hormone changes associated with a tumor of the adrenal cortex
hirsut/o
hairy
-ism
disease from a specific cause
what is the nail plate
hard flat part of the nail
what is the nail root
located under the skin on the upper surface of finger
what is the lunula
white half moon at the base of fingernail
what is the cuticle
edge around the base of the nail
what is the nail bed
pink part that lies under the nail plate
what is clubbing and cyanosis
abnormal downward curve and bluish coloration of the fingernails accompanied by stunted growth of the fingers
what disease is clubbing and cyanosis associated with
lack of oxygen in cystic fibrosis
what is onychomycosis
fungal infection of the nail where the nail root is infected and the nail is deformed as it grows
onych/o-
fingernail, toenail
myc/o
fungus
how is a culture and sensitivity (C&S) done
growth of bacteria taken from a wound or lesion in a lab
how is allergy skin testing done
intradermal injection or scratch of liquid allergen that forms a wheal in response to the allergen if there is an allergy
how is skin scraping done
scraping of cells from a lesion done with the edge of a scalpel
why is skin scraping done
to diagnose tinea (ringworm) by looking at the skin cells under a microscope
what is the tzanck test
scraping of fluid from a vesicle to produce a slide for microscope inspection to diagnose herpes virus or shingles
what is a wood lamp or light
UV light used to highlight areas of abnormal skin that makes vitiligo appear bright white and tinea capitis appear blue-green
what is botox used as a treatment for
deep wrinkles or migraines
what are collagen injections used as a treatment for
wrinkles or acne scars
what is cryolipolysis used as a treatment for
unwanted fat deposits by applying a cold device to the skin to cause fat cells to crystalize and die
cry/o
cold
what is cryosurgery
treatment for benign or small malignant lesions where liquid nitrogen is applied to the lesion to freeze/destroy it
what is debridement
treatment for necrotic tissue removal that prevents infection and creates new surface for healing and grafting
what is electrosurgery
treatment for benign or small malignant lesions where electricity evaporated cellular contents and kills cells
what is incision and drainage (I&D)
treatment to drain fluid where an incision is made and fluid is expressed or drained
what is a skin examination
inspection of the skin during dermatologist visit
what is skin resurfacing
treatment to improve skin appearance that involves removal of part of the epidermis
what is a skin turgor assessment
assessment of hydration level where skin is pulled up and time to flatten is noted
what is suturing
treatment to bring edges of skin together after laceration in injury
what is ultherapy
treatment for wrinkles on the face and neck where ultrasound waves stimulate production of new collagen
what are anesthetic drugs
provide temporary numbness of skin
esthet/o
feeling/sensation
what are antibiotic drugs
treat bacterial infections or acne vulgaris
bi/o
living organism
anti
against
what are antifungal drugs
treat fungal infections
what are antipruritic drugs
treat itching associated with skin diseases
what are antiviral drugs
treat viral infections
what are coal tar drugs
treat psoriasis by slowing multiplication of epidermal cells
what are corticosteroid drugs
treat inflammation by suppressing immune response
what are alopecia drugs
improve blood flow to scalp to increase hair growth
what do drugs for infestations treat
scabies and pediculosis
what do vitamin A type drugs treat
acne vulgaris and cystic acne
what does topical route of administration mean
applied directly to skin
what does a transdermal route of administration mean
patches applied directly to skin
what does an intradermal route of administration mean
needle inserted just under the epidermis
what does a hypodermic route of administration mean
needle inserted all the way into the hypodermis
what is a biopsy (Bx)
removal or all or part of a skin lesion or tumor
-opsy
process of viewing
what is dermatoplasty
any type of plastic surgery to the skin
what is liposuction
removal of excessive fat deposits by suctioning out subcutaneous tissue
what is mohs surgery
removal of skin cancers with irregular shapes and depths
what is a rhytidectomy
removal of wrinkles of tighten loose skin on the face
rhytid/o
wrinkle
what is skin grafting
use of human or artificial skin to provide a temporary covering or permanent layer of skin over a burn or wound
Bx
biopsy
C&S
culture and sensitivity
derm
dermatology
HAI
healthcare-associated infection
HSV
herpes simplex virus
I&D
incision and drainage
IgE
immunoglobulin E
PDT
photodynamic therapy
PUVA
psoralen drug and UV A (light therapy)
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
SQ
subcutaneous
subcu or subQ
subcutaneous
UVB
ultraviolet light B
