Chapter 11 (4) Flashcards
what is gynecomastia
enlargement of the male breast
gynec/o-
female
mast/o-
breast
-ia
condition
what is cryptorchidism
failure of one or both testes to move down through the inguinal canal into the scrotum; results in low sperm and infertility
crypt/o-
hidden
orchid/o-
testes
-ism
disease from a specific cause
what is epididymitis
infection or inflammation of the epididymis due to UTI or STD
epi-
above
didym/o-
testis
what is infertility
inability of a male to impregnate a female after 1 year of regular sexual intercourse
what is oligospermia
condition in which fewer than normal number of sperm are produced by the testes
olig/o-
few or scanty
sperm/o-
sperm
what is orchitis
infection or inflammation of the testes
what is testicular cancer
cancerous tumor of one or both testes; also known as seminoma
semin/o-
sperm
-oma
tumor
what is varicocele
varicose vein in the testis
what is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
benign, gradual enlargement of the prostate gland
hyper-
above, more than normal
plas/o-
formation, growth
what is cancer of the prostate gland (adenocarcinoma)
form of adenocarcinoma that is the most common type of cancer in men
what is prostatitis
a tube or chronic bacterial infection and inflammation of the prostate
what is prostatitis caused by
UTI or STD
what is epispadias
congenital condition in which the opening of the urethral meatus is on the top of the glans penis
what is hypospadias
congenital condition in which the opening of the urethral meatus is on the bottom of the glans penis
what is balanitis
infection or inflammation of the glans penis
balanos
acorn
balan/o-
glans penis
what is chordee
downward curvature of the penis during an erection
what is dispareunia
painful or difficult sexual intercourse or postcoital pain
dys-
abnormal, difficult, painful
pareun/o-
sexual intercourse
what is erectile dysfunction (ED)
inability to achieve or sustain erection of the penis
what is phimosis
congenital condition in which the foreskin cannot be pulled back from the glans penis, trapping secretions and increasing risk of infection
phim/o-
closed tight
-osis
abnormal condition or process
what is premature ejaculation
ejaculation that occurs with minimal stimulation and before the penis is fully erect
what is priapism
abnormal, continuing erection of the penis with pain and tenderness
what is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by
caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
what is chlamydia caused by
caused by bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis
what is genital herpes
caused by herpes simplex virus, type 2
what is genital warts caused by
human papillomavirus (HPV)
what is gonorrhea caused by
bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae
what is syphilis caused by
bacterium treponema pallidum
how are gonorrhea and syphilis treated
oral antibiotics
what is trichomoniasis caused by
protozoan trichomonas vaginalis
how is trichomoniasis treated
oral antiprotozoal drugs
what is acid phosphatase
test that detects the presence of an enzyme found in semen; used in rape investigations
what is DNA analysis
test in which semen samples from a crime scene or rape victim are compared to DNA in criminal database
what is herpes simplex virus testing
detects presence of DNA from the HSV type 2, which causes genital herpes
what is hormone testing
determines levels of FSH, LH, and testosterone; used in diagnosing fertility problems
what is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing
may be performed on blood, urine or saliva
what is prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
test detects glycoprotein, levels are increased in men with prostate cancer
what is prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP)
increased levels indicate prostate cancer that has metastasized elsewhere in the body
what is a semen analysis
analyzes sperm number, motility, and morphology
what is brachytherapy
form of radiation therapy used to treat prostate cancer
what is ultrasonography
radiologic procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce an image
brachy-
short (distance away)
ultra-
beyond or higher
son/o-
sound
-graphy
process of recording
what is looked for during a newborn genital examination
undescended testes, ambiguous genitalia, or abnormal positioning of the urethral meatus
what is a digital rectal examination (DRE)
procedure to palpate (using fingers) the prostate gland
what is testicular self examination (TSE)
patient palpates his own testes to look for early signs of cancer
what do androgen drugs treat
low testosterone
what do antibiotics treat
bacterial infections including gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia
what do antiviral drugs treat
viral infections including genital herpes and genital warts
what do antiretroviral drugs treat
HIV/AIDS
what do benign prostatic hyperplasia drugs do
inhibit the hormone the normally causes prostate enlargement
what do erectile dysfunction drugs do
increase blood flow into penis
what is a biopsy
obtain samples of prostate or testicular tissue to test for cancer
what is circumcision
procedure to remove prepuce (foreskin) of the penis
circum-
around
cis/o-
to cut
-ion
action
what is orchiectomy
surgical removal of testes
what is orchiopexy
procedure to reposition an undescended testis and fix it within the scrotum
orchi/o-
testes
-pexy
to fix into place
what is a penile implant
implant an inflatable penile prosthesis to treat erectile dysfunction
what is a prostate urethral lift (PUL)
procedure that uses an endoscope inserted through penis to place a stainless steel implant that pushes enlarged prostatic tissue away from the urethra
what does PUL treat?
BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia)
what is a prostatectomy
removal of the entire prostate gland
what is a vasectomy
surgical removal of part of the vas deferens to prevent sperm from entering semen
