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Medical Terminology > Chapter 11 (4) > Flashcards

Chapter 11 (4) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what is gynecomastia

A

enlargement of the male breast

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2
Q

gynec/o-

A

female

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3
Q

mast/o-

A

breast

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4
Q

-ia

A

condition

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5
Q

what is cryptorchidism

A

failure of one or both testes to move down through the inguinal canal into the scrotum; results in low sperm and infertility

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6
Q

crypt/o-

A

hidden

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7
Q

orchid/o-

A

testes

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8
Q

-ism

A

disease from a specific cause

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9
Q

what is epididymitis

A

infection or inflammation of the epididymis due to UTI or STD

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10
Q

epi-

A

above

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11
Q

didym/o-

A

testis

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12
Q

what is infertility

A

inability of a male to impregnate a female after 1 year of regular sexual intercourse

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13
Q

what is oligospermia

A

condition in which fewer than normal number of sperm are produced by the testes

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14
Q

olig/o-

A

few or scanty

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15
Q

sperm/o-

A

sperm

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16
Q

what is orchitis

A

infection or inflammation of the testes

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17
Q

what is testicular cancer

A

cancerous tumor of one or both testes; also known as seminoma

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18
Q

semin/o-

A

sperm

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19
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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20
Q

what is varicocele

A

varicose vein in the testis

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21
Q

what is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A

benign, gradual enlargement of the prostate gland

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22
Q

hyper-

A

above, more than normal

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23
Q

plas/o-

A

formation, growth

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24
Q

what is cancer of the prostate gland (adenocarcinoma)

A

form of adenocarcinoma that is the most common type of cancer in men

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25
Q

what is prostatitis

A

a tube or chronic bacterial infection and inflammation of the prostate

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26
Q

what is prostatitis caused by

A

UTI or STD

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27
Q

what is epispadias

A

congenital condition in which the opening of the urethral meatus is on the top of the glans penis

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28
Q

what is hypospadias

A

congenital condition in which the opening of the urethral meatus is on the bottom of the glans penis

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29
Q

what is balanitis

A

infection or inflammation of the glans penis

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30
Q

balanos

A

acorn

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31
Q

balan/o-

A

glans penis

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32
Q

what is chordee

A

downward curvature of the penis during an erection

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33
Q

what is dispareunia

A

painful or difficult sexual intercourse or postcoital pain

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34
Q

dys-

A

abnormal, difficult, painful

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35
Q

pareun/o-

A

sexual intercourse

36
Q

what is erectile dysfunction (ED)

A

inability to achieve or sustain erection of the penis

37
Q

what is phimosis

A

congenital condition in which the foreskin cannot be pulled back from the glans penis, trapping secretions and increasing risk of infection

38
Q

phim/o-

A

closed tight

39
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition or process

40
Q

what is premature ejaculation

A

ejaculation that occurs with minimal stimulation and before the penis is fully erect

41
Q

what is priapism

A

abnormal, continuing erection of the penis with pain and tenderness

42
Q

what is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by

A

caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

43
Q

what is chlamydia caused by

A

caused by bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis

44
Q

what is genital herpes

A

caused by herpes simplex virus, type 2

45
Q

what is genital warts caused by

A

human papillomavirus (HPV)

46
Q

what is gonorrhea caused by

A

bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae

47
Q

what is syphilis caused by

A

bacterium treponema pallidum

48
Q

how are gonorrhea and syphilis treated

A

oral antibiotics

49
Q

what is trichomoniasis caused by

A

protozoan trichomonas vaginalis

50
Q

how is trichomoniasis treated

A

oral antiprotozoal drugs

51
Q

what is acid phosphatase

A

test that detects the presence of an enzyme found in semen; used in rape investigations

52
Q

what is DNA analysis

A

test in which semen samples from a crime scene or rape victim are compared to DNA in criminal database

53
Q

what is herpes simplex virus testing

A

detects presence of DNA from the HSV type 2, which causes genital herpes

54
Q

what is hormone testing

A

determines levels of FSH, LH, and testosterone; used in diagnosing fertility problems

55
Q

what is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing

A

may be performed on blood, urine or saliva

56
Q

what is prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

A

test detects glycoprotein, levels are increased in men with prostate cancer

57
Q

what is prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP)

A

increased levels indicate prostate cancer that has metastasized elsewhere in the body

58
Q

what is a semen analysis

A

analyzes sperm number, motility, and morphology

59
Q

what is brachytherapy

A

form of radiation therapy used to treat prostate cancer

60
Q

what is ultrasonography

A

radiologic procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce an image

61
Q

brachy-

A

short (distance away)

62
Q

ultra-

A

beyond or higher

63
Q

son/o-

A

sound

64
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

65
Q

what is looked for during a newborn genital examination

A

undescended testes, ambiguous genitalia, or abnormal positioning of the urethral meatus

66
Q

what is a digital rectal examination (DRE)

A

procedure to palpate (using fingers) the prostate gland

67
Q

what is testicular self examination (TSE)

A

patient palpates his own testes to look for early signs of cancer

68
Q

what do androgen drugs treat

A

low testosterone

69
Q

what do antibiotics treat

A

bacterial infections including gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia

70
Q

what do antiviral drugs treat

A

viral infections including genital herpes and genital warts

71
Q

what do antiretroviral drugs treat

A

HIV/AIDS

72
Q

what do benign prostatic hyperplasia drugs do

A

inhibit the hormone the normally causes prostate enlargement

73
Q

what do erectile dysfunction drugs do

A

increase blood flow into penis

74
Q

what is a biopsy

A

obtain samples of prostate or testicular tissue to test for cancer

75
Q

what is circumcision

A

procedure to remove prepuce (foreskin) of the penis

76
Q

circum-

A

around

77
Q

cis/o-

A

to cut

78
Q

-ion

A

action

79
Q

what is orchiectomy

A

surgical removal of testes

80
Q

what is orchiopexy

A

procedure to reposition an undescended testis and fix it within the scrotum

81
Q

orchi/o-

A

testes

82
Q

-pexy

A

to fix into place

83
Q

what is a penile implant

A

implant an inflatable penile prosthesis to treat erectile dysfunction

84
Q

what is a prostate urethral lift (PUL)

A

procedure that uses an endoscope inserted through penis to place a stainless steel implant that pushes enlarged prostatic tissue away from the urethra

85
Q

what does PUL treat?

A

BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia)

86
Q

what is a prostatectomy

A

removal of the entire prostate gland

87
Q

what is a vasectomy

A

surgical removal of part of the vas deferens to prevent sperm from entering semen

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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