Chapter 12 (4) Flashcards
gynec/o-
female; woman
obstetr/o-
pregnancy and childbirth
what is anovulation
failure of the ovaries to release a mature ovum
ovul/o-
ovum
what is ovarian cancer
cancerous tumor of an ovary
what is salpingitis
infection/inflammation of the uterine tube
salping/o
uterine tube
what is polycystic ovary syndrome
ovaries contain many semisolid cysts; follicles enlarge but don’t release an ovum
enlarged follicles turn into painful cysts
what is endometrial cancer
cancerous tumor of the endometrium of the uterus
what is leiomyosarcoma
cancerous tumor of the smooth muscle of the uterus
lei/o
smooth
sarc/o
connective tissue
-oma
tumor
what is endometriosis
development of endometrial tissue in the uterine tubes and pelvic cavity
metri/o
uterus
what is myometritis
inflammation or infection of the uterine muscle
what is pyometritis
myometritis accompanied by pus
metr/o
uterus
what is pelvic inflammatory disease
infection that spreads from the cervix to the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
what is uterine prolapse
downward movement of the uterus due to ligament stretching or pelvic floor muscle weakness
what is amenorrhea
absence of menstural periods due to hormone imbalance, disease, or stress
men/o
month
-rrhea
flow; discharge
what is dysmenorrhea
painful menstruation due to excess prostaglandin, endometriosis, PID, or uterine fibroids
what is menopause
normal cessation of menstrual periods in middle age
-pause
cessation
what is menorrhagia
menstrual period with excessively heavy flow or a menstrual period lasting more than 7 days
rrhag/o
excessive flow/discharge
what is oligomenorrhea
very light menstrual flow or infrequent menstrual periods in a woman who previously had normal periods
olig/o
few
what is premenstrual syndrome
breast tenderness, fluid retention, bloating, and mild mood change in the days before menstruation due to high hormone levels
PMS
premenstrual syndrome
what is cervical cancer
cancerous tumor of the cervix
in situ
in the original place
what is cervical dysplasia
abnormal growth of squamous cells in the surface layer of the cervix; precancerous condition
plas/o
formation; growth
what is bacterial vaginosis
bacterial infection caused by gardnerella vaginalis
what is candidiasis
yeast infection caused by candida albicans often during an antibiotic regimen
what is cystocele
herniation of the bladder into the vagina due to weakness of the vaginal wall
cyst/o
bladder
-cele
hernia
what is dyspareunia
difficult or painful intercourse or pain after intercourse
pareun
sexual intercourse
what is rectocele
hernia of the rectum into the vagina due to weakness in the vaginal wall
rect/o
rectum
what is vaginitis
vaginal inflammation or infection
what is failure of lactation
lack of milk production after childbirth caused by the hyposecretion of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland
what is galactorrhea
discharge of milk from the breast when a woman is not pregnant or breast feeding
galact/o
milk
what is breast cancer
cancerous adenocarcinoma of the lactiferous lobules
what is abruptio placentae
partial or complete separation of the placenta from the uterine wall prior to the third stage of labor; disrupts blood flow and oxygen to fetus
what is an ectopic pregnancy
pregnancy in which a fertilized ovum implants outside of the uterus, often in the uterine tube
ectop/o
outside
what is gestational diabetes mellitus
temporary disorder of glucose metabolism during pregnancy
gestat/o
conception to birth
what is incompetent cervix
premature dilation of the cervix during the second trimester of pregnancy; can result in miscarriage
what is mastitis
inflammation or infection of the breast caused by milk engorgement
what is morning sickness
temporary nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy
what is placenta previa
incorrect position of the placenta in which is partially or completely covers the cervical canal; cervical dilation disrupts the connection between the placenta and uterus
previa
going before
what is postpartum hemorrhage
continual bleeding after delivery from the site of placental separation
what is preeclampsia
hypertensive disorder with increased blood pressure, edema, weight gain, and proteinuria
pre
before
eclamps
seizure
what is premature labor
regular uterine contractions of labor that begin before the fetus is mature enough to be born
what is apnea
temporary or permanent cessation of breathing after birth
what is fetal distress
decreased blood flow through the placenta or umbilical cord that causes lack of oxygen to the fetus
what is a growth abnormality
growth problems associated with maternal illness, malnutrition, or smoking
what is jaundice
yellow discoloration of the skin due to inability of the newborn liver to conjugate bilirubin from RBC
what is meconium aspiration
inhalation of meconium that has been passed in the amniotic fluid that can block the airway
what is nuchal cord
umbilical cord wrapped around the neck of the fetus
nuch/o
neck
what is infant respiratory distress syndrome
difficulty inflating the lungs to breathe due to a lack of surfactant
IRDS
infant respiratory distress syndrome
what are BRCA1 and BRCA2
gene mutations that increase the risk for breast and ovarian cancers that are tested for with a blood test
what is an estrogen receptor assay
cytology test that examines malignant breast cells for estrogen
ER
estrogen receptor
