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Medical Terminology > Chapter 12 (4) > Flashcards

Chapter 12 (4) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

gynec/o-

A

female; woman

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2
Q

obstetr/o-

A

pregnancy and childbirth

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3
Q

what is anovulation

A

failure of the ovaries to release a mature ovum

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4
Q

ovul/o-

A

ovum

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5
Q

what is ovarian cancer

A

cancerous tumor of an ovary

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6
Q

what is salpingitis

A

infection/inflammation of the uterine tube

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7
Q

salping/o

A

uterine tube

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8
Q

what is polycystic ovary syndrome

A

ovaries contain many semisolid cysts; follicles enlarge but don’t release an ovum
enlarged follicles turn into painful cysts

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9
Q

what is endometrial cancer

A

cancerous tumor of the endometrium of the uterus

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10
Q

what is leiomyosarcoma

A

cancerous tumor of the smooth muscle of the uterus

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11
Q

lei/o

A

smooth

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12
Q

sarc/o

A

connective tissue

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13
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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14
Q

what is endometriosis

A

development of endometrial tissue in the uterine tubes and pelvic cavity

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15
Q

metri/o

A

uterus

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16
Q

what is myometritis

A

inflammation or infection of the uterine muscle

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17
Q

what is pyometritis

A

myometritis accompanied by pus

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18
Q

metr/o

A

uterus

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19
Q

what is pelvic inflammatory disease

A

infection that spreads from the cervix to the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries

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20
Q

PID

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

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21
Q

what is uterine prolapse

A

downward movement of the uterus due to ligament stretching or pelvic floor muscle weakness

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22
Q

what is amenorrhea

A

absence of menstural periods due to hormone imbalance, disease, or stress

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23
Q

men/o

A

month

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24
Q

-rrhea

A

flow; discharge

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25
Q

what is dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstruation due to excess prostaglandin, endometriosis, PID, or uterine fibroids

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26
Q

what is menopause

A

normal cessation of menstrual periods in middle age

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27
Q

-pause

A

cessation

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28
Q

what is menorrhagia

A

menstrual period with excessively heavy flow or a menstrual period lasting more than 7 days

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29
Q

rrhag/o

A

excessive flow/discharge

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30
Q

what is oligomenorrhea

A

very light menstrual flow or infrequent menstrual periods in a woman who previously had normal periods

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31
Q

olig/o

A

few

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32
Q

what is premenstrual syndrome

A

breast tenderness, fluid retention, bloating, and mild mood change in the days before menstruation due to high hormone levels

33
Q

PMS

A

premenstrual syndrome

34
Q

what is cervical cancer

A

cancerous tumor of the cervix

35
Q

in situ

A

in the original place

36
Q

what is cervical dysplasia

A

abnormal growth of squamous cells in the surface layer of the cervix; precancerous condition

37
Q

plas/o

A

formation; growth

38
Q

what is bacterial vaginosis

A

bacterial infection caused by gardnerella vaginalis

39
Q

what is candidiasis

A

yeast infection caused by candida albicans often during an antibiotic regimen

40
Q

what is cystocele

A

herniation of the bladder into the vagina due to weakness of the vaginal wall

41
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder

42
Q

-cele

A

hernia

43
Q

what is dyspareunia

A

difficult or painful intercourse or pain after intercourse

44
Q

pareun

A

sexual intercourse

45
Q

what is rectocele

A

hernia of the rectum into the vagina due to weakness in the vaginal wall

46
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

47
Q

what is vaginitis

A

vaginal inflammation or infection

48
Q

what is failure of lactation

A

lack of milk production after childbirth caused by the hyposecretion of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland

49
Q

what is galactorrhea

A

discharge of milk from the breast when a woman is not pregnant or breast feeding

50
Q

galact/o

A

milk

51
Q

what is breast cancer

A

cancerous adenocarcinoma of the lactiferous lobules

52
Q

what is abruptio placentae

A

partial or complete separation of the placenta from the uterine wall prior to the third stage of labor; disrupts blood flow and oxygen to fetus

53
Q

what is an ectopic pregnancy

A

pregnancy in which a fertilized ovum implants outside of the uterus, often in the uterine tube

54
Q

ectop/o

A

outside

55
Q

what is gestational diabetes mellitus

A

temporary disorder of glucose metabolism during pregnancy

56
Q

gestat/o

A

conception to birth

57
Q

what is incompetent cervix

A

premature dilation of the cervix during the second trimester of pregnancy; can result in miscarriage

58
Q

what is mastitis

A

inflammation or infection of the breast caused by milk engorgement

59
Q

what is morning sickness

A

temporary nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy

60
Q

what is placenta previa

A

incorrect position of the placenta in which is partially or completely covers the cervical canal; cervical dilation disrupts the connection between the placenta and uterus

61
Q

previa

A

going before

62
Q

what is postpartum hemorrhage

A

continual bleeding after delivery from the site of placental separation

63
Q

what is preeclampsia

A

hypertensive disorder with increased blood pressure, edema, weight gain, and proteinuria

64
Q

pre

A

before

65
Q

eclamps

A

seizure

66
Q

what is premature labor

A

regular uterine contractions of labor that begin before the fetus is mature enough to be born

67
Q

what is apnea

A

temporary or permanent cessation of breathing after birth

68
Q

what is fetal distress

A

decreased blood flow through the placenta or umbilical cord that causes lack of oxygen to the fetus

69
Q

what is a growth abnormality

A

growth problems associated with maternal illness, malnutrition, or smoking

70
Q

what is jaundice

A

yellow discoloration of the skin due to inability of the newborn liver to conjugate bilirubin from RBC

71
Q

what is meconium aspiration

A

inhalation of meconium that has been passed in the amniotic fluid that can block the airway

72
Q

what is nuchal cord

A

umbilical cord wrapped around the neck of the fetus

73
Q

nuch/o

A

neck

74
Q

what is infant respiratory distress syndrome

A

difficulty inflating the lungs to breathe due to a lack of surfactant

75
Q

IRDS

A

infant respiratory distress syndrome

76
Q

what are BRCA1 and BRCA2

A

gene mutations that increase the risk for breast and ovarian cancers that are tested for with a blood test

77
Q

what is an estrogen receptor assay

A

cytology test that examines malignant breast cells for estrogen

78
Q

ER

A

estrogen receptor

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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