Chapter 8

Question 1

Support for the shift to interprofessional
collaboration from:

Answer 1

 Institute of Medicine
 The Joint Commission
 World Health Organization
 Carnegie Foundation

Question 2

2016 IPEC
Overarching competency is interprofessional
collaboration under which four domains
reside:

Answer 2

 Communication Practices
 Values/Ethics
 Roles and Responsibilities
 Teamwork and Team-Based Practice

Question 3

Elements of Collaborative Skills -
Individual Prerequisite Attributes

Answer 3

 Self-Awareness
 Competence
 Trust
 Commitment
 Flexibility
 Acceptance

Question 4

Elements of Collaborative Skills -

Self-Awareness

Answer 4

• built on an understanding of your personal identity based on your own value set
• Each individual brings to the team a unique personality and position, which reciprocally affects team function.
• professional identity

Question 5

Elements of Collaborative Skills -

Competence

Answer 5

• benchmark of respect
• Being competent in your field allows you to explore and appreciate the contributions of other disciplines.

Question 6

Elements of Collaborative Skills -

Trust

Answer 6

• prerequisite to teamwork of any type and begins with the idea that we approach other members of the team as if they are competent and have good intentions.
• earned through credibility which means doing what you say you are going to do
• clear understanding of the norms and expectations for the professionals on the team and a history of successful interpersonal exchanges among team members

Question 7

Elements of Collaborative Skills -

Commitment

Answer 7

Sometimes, commitment is expressed by the metaphor of “having each other’s backs,” in that we will support each other even when the going gets tough.

Question 8

Elements of Collaborative Skills -

Flexibility

Answer 8

• Flexibility requires you to keep an open mind and a willingness to see things in different terms often from the perspective of another member of the team.
• creating a flexible professional identity which means constantly questioning oneself and updating one’s professional identity.

Question 9

Elements of Collaborative Skills -

Acceptance

Answer 9

• accepting of differences among the members of the team
• All members of the interprofessional care team must move beyond tolerance to acceptance and understanding for effective collaboration.
• there is blurring across professional boundaries, there also will be blurring, or perhaps better put, sharing of core values that can help with cross-disciplinary understanding

Question 10

Mutual Respect

Answer 10

• For mutual respect to exist, there must be a culture of “status-equal” basis.
• all members of the team must believe in the value of what the other members of the team bring to the table

Question 11

Communication Skills

Answer 11

• differing language and communication styles among health professionals.
• 1) ask questions and
• 2) (2) express gratitude for contributions both of which help establish psychological safety

Question 12

Negative communication

Answer 12

includes disparaging comments such as intimidating or condescending language, deliberate delays in responding to requests, reluctance to work as a team, and impatience with questions.

Question 13

Shared Planning and Decision-Making

Answer 13

• Shared planning requires the integration of different perspectives and, at times, compromise.
• The establishment of mutually understood and agreed-upon goals, even though such goals may change in the future, is necessary for all members of a team

Question 14

Barriers

Time Constraints

Answer 14

busy health professionals do not have the time to meet with other members

“corridor consults,” terms applied to unplanned encounters between two or more different members of the team who stop and obtain quick, informal feedback or urgently request information to guide their decision-making.

Question 15

Barriers

Lack of Shared Structures for Communication

Answer 15

different health professions have their distinct ways of communicating based on underlying values, understanding of their professional obligations and skills, and habits they acquire by observing the actions and conduct of other members of their specialty.

SBAR
SBIRT,
PASS

All such mental models are an attempt to create a standard language that is not “native” for any one of the professions involved, so there is a lower risk for miscommunication and a stronger focus on the patient’s situation.

Question 16

Barriers

Uncertainty

Answer 16

• given this reality of the need to share the leadership role to best serve the patient, there are members of the team who are reluctant to give up their authority or conversely fearful of accepting the responsibility of a leadership role.
• . It is only through the elimination of established but unnecessarily inflexible power structures and assumed roles that members of the team can see the whole picture, not just focus on what they need to get done within their individual scope of practice.

Question 17

Barriers

Gender and Generational Differences

Answer 17

• Generational differences between members of the health care team can arise in several ways that affect interprofessional collaboratio
• all members of the team need to be valued for the generational strengths they bring to patient care
• gender stereotypes as well as those connected to race, ethnicity, etc. limit the varied and complex contributions that all health professions offer to the team. For true collaboration, all members of the team must be considered equal partners who possess an array of knowledge, skills, perspectives, and abilities.

Question 18

Barriers

Geographic Barriers

Answer 18

Geographic barriers can be overcome by distance technology, but more effort is required to establish relationships built on shared experiences both within and outside of the work environment.

Question 19

Cooperation

Answer 19

Cooperation means that you view the issue from the perspective of the team, mindful of what others can and should contribute that you cannot.

Question 20

Assertiveness

Answer 20

opposed to agressive.

Question 21

Responsibility

Answer 21

This means that individual members of the team must accept and share responsibilities and actively participate in group decision-making and support the decision approved by consensus

Question 22

Communication

Answer 22

they develop fluency in the language of each other’s professions and cultures to understand their collective perspective and contributions.

Question 23

Autonomy

Answer 23

Members of the interprofessional care team may have less individual autonomy, but the team is more autonomous with all the members working together.

Question 24

Coordination

Answer 24

team rounding with the patient and the family at the bedside or if there are a lot of team members present, in a conference room.

Rounds are forums for health professionals to reflect on care delivery openly and honestly through facilitated debriefing, reflection, dialog, case discussion, problem solving, and resource sharing.