Chapter 11

Question 1

Play in the School Age Child
and Adolescent

Answer 1

• Play is a child’s primary occupation
• Important vehicle to ease tension
• Being “too old” for play
• Sports as play participation in adolescents
• The impact of socio-economic status on play

Question 2

Health professionals often present types of authority

Answer 2

that are unfamiliar to the child.

Question 3

Play is a child’s primary occupation

Answer 3

child’s right to “engage in play and recreational activities appropriate to the age of the child.”

Question 4

Some older children who become patients may regress

Answer 4

regress to an earlier stage of play, but many will assume roles at the higher levels of play, which will allow them to act out their predicament of being in a new situation.

Question 5

associative play

Answer 5

can involve playing “hospital” with a health professional or family member.

Question 6

children can be sensitive about being “too old” for certain types of toys

Answer 6

health professionals and others must think carefully about which toys to offer and how to integrate family and siblings into their sessions

Question 7

Rather than stereotyping masculine or feminine toys,

Answer 7

health professional should use open-ended questions to learn from the young patient about their preferences. They will likely enjoy sharing about their favorite game or toy.

Question 8

The poverty threshold for a family of four in the United States is $26,172

Answer 8

In 2019, 14% of those under the age of 18 were living in poverty.

Question 9

Children living in poverty are often vulnerable

Answer 9

to environmental, health, educational, and safety risks. They are also at particular risk for developmental challenges.

Question 10

School Issues

School as major transition

Answer 10

Each school-based transition brings a period of adjustment to new rules, teachers, friends, and environments. Emotions related to school transitions include excitement, happiness, sadness, and worry

Question 11

schools provide children with many other services beyond academics.

Answer 11

Schools can be the main source of food for children.12 Many children, especially those from minoritized backgrounds or with lower socioeconomic status, rely on school for health care and mental health services.

Question 12

Even a short illness or injury may disrupt school attendance

Answer 12

put the child behind in schoolwork, and have social consequences.

Question 13

Feelings of self worth

Answer 13

usually tied to school for
children

Question 14

Disability at the school level through the ICF
lens

Answer 14

• focus on functioning in society regardless of the reasons for limitations.
• a biological, individual, and social perspective of health rather than a diagnosis or label

Question 15

Rising number of US children with
developmental disabilities

Answer 15

• 17% of school-age children had a developmental disability.
• this percentage increased over the two time periods compared, 2009–11 and 2015–17

Question 16

ADA American disabilities Act and Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Individualized Education Program IEP

Answer 16

requires public schools to make available to all eligible children with disabilities a free, appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment appropriate to their individual needs

Question 17

IDEA

individualized education program (IEP)

Answer 17

if parents disagree with the IEP:

(1) mediation,
(2) complaint, and
(3) a due process hearing.

Question 18

Needs of the School Age Child

Answer 18

• Evolve around tasks, hobbies, and activities
• Rely on active participation in the care planning process so that they learn the life skills necessary for decision making and disease management

Question 19

Children value the following in their health care
provider:

Answer 19

• Good communication
• Professional competence
• Safety / appearance
• Virtues
• Fun

Question 20

parents of children in a pediatric intensive care unit

Answer 20

described that it is vital that providers keep them informed.

Question 21

parents observed the interprofessional care team working together

Answer 21

, they described their burden being lowered

Question 22

Tasks to Lower Family Stress

Answer 22

• Providing information
  
  • Families as collaborators of care
  • Provided with updated information through structured communication
• Supporting siblings
• Involving family members in care of the child
• Learning patient care tasks can reduce the sense
  of powerlessness
• E.g. positioning in bed, assisting with bathing or ADL care

Question 23

Children as Active Participants in Care

Answer 23

many policies now acknowledge the importance of listening to children and having them assent to care decisions. consent asked for at age 7.

Question 24

help siblings cope

Answer 24

by providing support and information. Through the application of the principles of patient and family-centered care, supportive participation, information sharing, and collaboration, siblings feel engaged and supported.

Question 25

adolescent

Answer 25

“to grow into maturity or adulthood”

Question 26

Early and late adolescence

Answer 26

Early: first two years: growth spurts, maturing of reproductive functions and sex organs, increased weight, and changes in body proportions

Late: self-identity fully emerges as they practice the various roles and responsibilities they will assume as adults.

Question 28

Physiological and self image changes in the
development of autonomy

Answer 28

They will try various roles to integrate their developing social skills with goals and dreams.

disconnect between physical development and psychosocial maturation, leading to many of the challenges of adolescence

Question 29

Friends and Peer Groups

Adolescents tend to spend less time with family

Answer 29

more time in new environments such as work settings, peer relationships, and romantic relationships.

Question 30

Friends and Peer Groups

Substance use (tobacco, marijuana, and alcohol use), violence (weapons and physical fighting), and suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation and attempts)

Answer 30

relate to a teen’s friends’ substance use, deviance, and suicidal behaviors, respectively.

Question 31

Friends and Peer Groups

Peers

Answer 31

help teens learn social norms and provide the support needed during the challenging time of adolescence.

Question 32

Digital media and the teenage brain

Answer 32

electronic media have both positive and negative effects on adolescents.

Social media and gaming can influence the brain’s reward circuitry

Question 33

Among the positives (digital media)

Answer 33

access to health information, social connections, and expanded learning opportunities

Question 34

Legal rights of adolescents (mature minor)
Mature Minors Doctrine

Answer 34

allows for parents or the state to speak on behalf of a minor’s interests only if the minor is unable to represent themselves.

Question 35

Connections between behavior patterns and
long term consequences for health

Answer 35

degree of experimentation and risk taking seem[s] to be an integral part of the transition from childhood to adulthood,… be able to identify those at most risk of adverse consequences, without interfering with normal development

Question 36

Programs to promote healthy lifestyles for adolescents

Answer 36

should include information on nutrition, activity, stress management, family planning, prevention of smoking, alcohol and substance abuse, safety (particularly digital and motor vehicle safety), and sexual and mental health.

Question 37

The family dynamic changes

Answer 37

as children and parents age.

Question 38

. Families undergoing changes to their structure and dynamics

Answer 38

may exhibit higher levels of conflict during a child’s illness