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Health Care Interactions > chapter 12 > Flashcards

chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Adulthood Defined

Chronological age

A

Young / emerging adulthood vs middle adulthood

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2
Q

compressed morbitity

A

live disease free for a long time and then die.

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3
Q

Adulthood Defined

Achievement of developmental tasks

A

establish
identity, develop intimate relationships, live
independently

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4
Q

Adulthood Defined

responsibility

A

when a person begins to assume responsibility for themselves and others.

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5
Q

Adulthood Defined

Psychological terms – maturity

A
  • Take responsibility
  • Make logical decisions
  • Appreciate the position of others
  • Control emotional outburst
  • Accept social roles
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6
Q

Adulthood Defined

Biological development is sometimes treated as complete when a person shows the result of changes that occur during adolescence

A

human beings continue to grow and mature throughout their life span

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7
Q

Average life expectancy

A

77.8
Varies by gender, race and ethnicity, other
variables

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8
Q

10 leading causes of death for all age groups in the United States

A

1.Heart disease
2.Cancer
3.COVID-19
4.Accidents (unintentional injuries)
5.Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases)
6.Chronic lower respiratory diseases
7.Alzheimer’s disease
8.Diabetes mellitus
9.Influenza and pneumonia
10.Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis

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9
Q

Leading Causes of Death Globally

A

1.Ischemic heart disease
2.Stroke
3.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
4.Lower respiratory tract infections
5.Neonatal conditions
6.Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers
7.Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias
8.Diarrheal diseases
9.Diabetes
10.Kidney diseases

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10
Q

6 in 10 Americans live with at least one

A

chronic disease

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11
Q

Chronic disease and co-morbidities

A

Complex social problems, such as health disparities, which disproportionately impact patients from minoritized backgrounds, often resist solutions by a single organization.

chronic conditions, which often included an increased prevalence amongst Black and Brown communities.

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12
Q

Young adulthood is often referred to as

A

the healthy years and the hidden hazards.

Individuals in early and middle adulthood tend to underestimate the impact over time that poor lifestyle choices or unpreventable environmental situations may have on their overall health quality and life span.

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13
Q

all impact health outcomes

A

Interaction of genes, biology and behaviors
with the social, cultural, and physical
environment

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14
Q

Emerging and Early Adulthood

Transition to adulthood

A

identity exploration and consolidation processes continue at the beginning of emerging or early adulthood (generally between the ages of 18 and 25)

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15
Q

Emerging and Early Adulthood

Adulthood is not defined by a single factor

A

rather by an integration of cognitive development, physical development, reflective judgment, and societal experience.

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16
Q

Emerging and Early Adulthood

distinguishing features of emerging adulthood

A

(1) identity exploration, (2) instability, (3) self-focus, (4) feeling in-between, and (5) possibilities

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17
Q

Emerging and Early Adulthood

Emerging trends

A

young millennials (aged 22–28) revealed that they delayed milestones such as moving out of their parent’s home and buying a home of their own because of their student loan debt

Boomerang Generation.

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18
Q

Emerging and Early Adulthood

Integration of cognitive development, physical
development, reflective judgment, and
societal experience

A

Transition to adulthood.

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19
Q

Emerging and Early Adulthood

Boomarang Impact on families and health systems

A

longer transitions can strain families and institutions (such as health care systems) that work with young adults. For example, adults who have children might think that they have moved through an adult developmental task of parenting, only to find their children returning home after a divorce or unemployment.

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20
Q

Identity

A

understanding of the basic self that provides continuity over time and across problems and changes in life.

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21
Q

patient-centered professional relationship

A

Adult patients are generally more capable as an equal partner than younger people.

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22
Q

adults should not be assumed to have better self-advocacy skills

A

purely based on their age

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23
Q

Intimacy

A

developmental task of the adult.

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24
Q

Adulthood sometimes involves people going back to previous developmental tasks

A

such as establishing a basic identity

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25
Q

During adulthood, another aspect of acting responsibly

A

involves having a high regard for the welfare of others.

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26
Q

Underlying the idea of responsibility

A

is an assumption that the individual is a free agent (i.e., one who is willing and able to act autonomously). (i.e., a promise to provide for one’s own children or parents)

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27
Q

matter of responsibility in our culture

A

extent to which they command the respect of employer, family, and friends.

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28
Q

Social Roles in Adulthood

Primary Relationships

A

Choosing a life partner and becoming better acquainted (i.e., learning to know the person, discovering potentials and limits, similarities and differences, and compatibilities and incompatibilities) are processes interwoven with the more basic activities of eating, sleeping, acquiring possessions, working, worshipping, relaxing, and playing together.

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29
Q

Parenting of Children

Gender role stereotypes traditionally assigned to mothering, fathering, and coparenting

A

are breaking down in many families so that both parents share the whole range of parenting skills.

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30
Q

Parenting of Children

women generally spend twice as much time

A

on household and child-care tasks compared to men

31
Q

Parenting of Children

child’s welfare depends

A

on the quality of parenting

32
Q

Care of Older Family Members

Middle-age adults are often referred to as the “sandwich” generation

A

they are responsible for care of both young (children) and old (aging parents/family members).

33
Q

Care of Older Family Members

caregivers in the United States

A

2015 there were 43.5 million

34
Q

caregivers often

A

put the needs of their care recipients ahead of their own, and 23% report that caregiving has made their health worse.

35
Q

Caregiving responsibilities

A

can disrupt employment, health maintenance, leisure, and social participation during adulthood.

36
Q

Latino caregivers

A

valued family decision-making regarding care.

37
Q

Asian-American caregivers experienced

A

strained interpersonal relationships and shame in asking for help

38
Q

Black or African American caregivers reported reliance

A

on community and striving to maintain the cohesion of their family

39
Q

Native American caregivers reported feeling pressure

A

to provide care despite limited resources and a lack of formal resources.

40
Q

Mentoring the Next Generation

mentoring

A

as a complex process used to guide a protégé through career transitions and as a necessary part of training effective, reflective practitioners

41
Q

three consistent agreements about mentoring

The first is that mentoring

A

is focused on the growth and development of another.

42
Q

three consistent agreements about mentoring

The second is that several forms of support are used

A

including role modeling and psychological support

43
Q

three consistent agreements about mentoring

and finally, researchers agree

A

there is a degree of reciprocity associated with mentoring and that adult mentor gains as much from the relationship as the mentee.

44
Q

Mentoring the Next Generation

Mentors are described as

A

“socializing or influence agents, encouraging protégés to internalize the norms, behaviors, and values of the scientific community.”

45
Q

Political and Other Service Activities

Involvement in political and social organizations

A

has traditionally been at a peak during the adult years.

46
Q

Work as Meaningful Activity

For some, work is performed primarily in the home

A

(especially during the pandemic when social distancing guidelines were in place)

47
Q

Work as Meaningful Activity

Adults are judged to spend about half of their waking hours

A

engaged in work, and it is during middle adulthood that career consolidation typically occurs.

48
Q

Work as Meaningful Activity

The average US employee works

A

7.62hours a day.

49
Q

Work as Meaningful Activity

Women have a greater likelihood of working part-time

A

compared with men

50
Q

Work as Meaningful Activity

most women experience in their work roles: expectations on them

A

include not only doing a job in the labor force but also maintaining the quality and amount of work performed in the home.

51
Q

Work as Meaningful Activity

Two types of responsibilities are associated with the work role:

A

(1) to do one’s job well and (2) to fulfill the reasonable expectations of others

52
Q

Work as Meaningful Activity

Your task as a health professional is to assess how the patient views their work situation

A

work entails responsibility toward both a job to be done and other human beings. Treatment goals must be tailored to help the patient carry out these responsibilities,

53
Q

Stresses and Challenges of Adulthood

Primary relationship stress

A
  • Ongoing vs discrete event
  • Empty nest syndrome
  • Domestic violence
54
Q

Primary relationship stress

Common sources of stress in committed relationships include

A

nonfulfillment of role obligations by a significant other, lack of reciprocity between partners, a feeling of not being accepted by a significant other, and unequal household and child-rearing responsibilities

55
Q

Primary relationship stress

Empty nest syndrome

A

experience stress around the departure of their children,

56
Q

Primary relationship stress

Domestic violence

A

defined as “willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault, and/or other abusive behavior as part of a systematic pattern of power and control perpetrated by one intimate partner against another. It includes physical violence, sexual violence, threats, and emotional/psychological abuse.”

57
Q

Domestic violence

National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey

A

1 in 4 women and 1 in 10 men have reported abuse by an intimate partner during their lifetime.

58
Q

Domestic violence

domestic violence occurs

A

across the socioeconomic spectrum and among all ethnic and other demographic groups.

59
Q

Domestic violence

The professional who treats adult patients must be aware of clinical guidelines

A

that express deep respect by discovering symptoms or behaviors, institutional policies regarding suspected or obvious abuse, local sources of support available to patients, and legal requirements to report intimate partner abuse.

60
Q

Parenting Stresses

Providing a listening ear and care for the caregivers

A

are key first steps in helping parents cope with stress

61
Q

Parenting Stresses

Child abuse and neglect

A

which are increasing (or, perhaps, are being reported more systematically), are tragic examples of what can happen when stress is not controlled.

62
Q

Stress in Care of Elderly Family Members

most of the burden for parent care falls on adult women

A

Many quit their jobs to fulfill the responsibility of caring for one or more elderly family members.

63
Q

Work Stress

For many individuals in their middle years, stress related to work

A

is their primary stress, manifesting itself in a wide range of disorders.

64
Q

Work Stress

. Chronically elevated work-related stress is a risk factor

A

for numerous physical and mental health outcomes, including depression and cardiovascular disease.

65
Q

Work Stress

Studies have demonstrated that a job with high responsibility in which the consequences for a mistake are dire

A

creates the highest stress.

66
Q

Work Stress

A form of stress related to the work role is caused by the inability

A

to find or hold a job.

67
Q

Work Stress

the stress of working can be less threatening to health and well-being

A

than the stress of being unemployed.

68
Q

stress and learning

the more life-changing an event,

A

the more likely it is to be associated with learning opportunities

69
Q

Middle-age adults may wonder, “Is this all there is?” and feel that “something is missing.”

A

Also, the focus on worldly aspirations may shift to more spiritual aspects of life and their place in the bigger scheme of things. Middle-age adults make more informed decisions about their futures.

Doubt allows no rest; indeed, it is a relentless churning that nakedly reveals almost all the dimensions of one’s life

70
Q

Working with Adult Patients

Patients may feel angered/confused

A

– “struck down in one’s prime”
– Attend to denial, hostility, depression

71
Q

Working with Adult Patients

Loss of independence

A

– May feel trapped, vulnerable, frustrated

72
Q

Working with Adult Patients

Show respect

A

– Assess physical/psychological symptoms of stress
– Listen to patient’s narrative

73
Q

Working with Adult Patients

Patients who can no longer go about meeting the responsibilities expected of them and pursuing the numerous life roles and established goals

A

may feel trapped, vulnerable, and frustrated.

Health Care Interactions (14 decks)

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