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Physical Science > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the book that was published by Isaac Newton that laid the foundation for the modern scientific study of light?

A

Opticks

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2
Q

What is the ideas that light is a stream of tiny particles emitted by a light source?

A

particle theory of light

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3
Q

What is the theory that lights consists of a wave, not particles?

A

wave theory of light

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4
Q

Who was the Scottish physicist who demonstrated that light consists of two transverse waves oscillating at right angels to each other?

A

James Clerk Maxwell

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5
Q

What is a wave consisting of two transverse waves, one electric and one magnetic, oscillating at right angels to each other?

A

electromagnetic wave

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6
Q

Who was the German professor who demonstrated the existence of invisible electromagnetic waves?

A

Heindrich Hertz

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7
Q

What is a phenomenon that occurs when light above a certain frequency knocks electron loose from atoms of certain metals?

A

photoelectric effect

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8
Q

What is the theory stating that light has both a wave nature and particle nature?

A

quantum theory of light

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9
Q

What is a tiny bundle or packet of energy?

A

photon

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10
Q

What are electromagnetic waves that travel as photons?

A

light

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11
Q

What is the range of electromagnetic waves that the human eye can perceive?

A

visible light

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12
Q

What is the range of electromagnetic waves that the human eye can perceive as having color?

A

visible spectrum

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13
Q

What is a mixture of all the colors of light?

A

white

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14
Q

What is less-intense white light?

A

gray

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15
Q

What is the absence of color?

A

black

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16
Q

What separates white light into its component color by refracting the light that passes through?

A

a prism

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17
Q

What are the three colors of light that can be mixed together to create the illusion of almost any color?

A

additive primary colors- red, green, blue

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18
Q

What kinds of cells in the eyes detect color?

A

cone cells

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19
Q

What type of cells in the eyes detect only light and dark?

A

rod cells

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20
Q

What are three colors of pigment that can be mixed to produced the illusion of almost any color?

A

subtractive primary colors- magenta, cyan, and yellow

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21
Q

What type of image appears to be behind a mirror; no light passes through the image locations?

A

virtual image

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22
Q

What type of image forms in front of the mirror?

A

real image

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23
Q

What is a mirror in which the reflecting side is on the inside of the spherical surface?

A

concave mirror

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24
Q

What is a mirror in which the reflecting side is on the outside of the spherical surface?

A

convex mirror

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25
Q

What is the bending of the path of a wave as a result of a change in wave speed, usually caused by crossing the boundary between two media?

A

refraction

26
Q

Where does refracted light bend toward?

A

toward the medium that slows them down

27
Q

What is a piece of glass or other substance specially designed to refract light?

A

lens

28
Q

What is a lens that curves outward and causes rays of light passing through it to bend inward and converge on a point?

A

convex lens

29
Q

What is a lens that curves inward, like the opening of a cave, and causes waves of light passing through it to bend outward?

A

concave lens

30
Q

What is an illusion that occurs when the light rays from a distant object are refracted by heated air so that the object appears to be nearby?

A

mirage

31
Q

What is the twinkling of stars caused by refraction of light?

A

scintillation

32
Q

What is a semicircular arc of colored bands of light that forms in the sky when millions of airborne water droplets act like tiny prisms?

A

rainbow

33
Q

What is the mutual reinforcement or cancellation that occurs when two or more waves meet?

A

interference

34
Q

What is the phenomenon in which colors are produced on the surface of an object by interference; colors seen depend on the viewing angle?

A

iridescence

35
Q

What occurs when light passes through a narrow opening?

A

it diffracts

36
Q

What is the light fringe that results from constructive interference of light waves coming from different parts of a narrow slit?

A

antinode

37
Q

What is the dark fringe that results from destructive interference coming from different parts of a narrow slit?

A

node

38
Q

What is a simple devices that uses diffraction to produce spectra?

A

diffraction grating

39
Q

What is any scientific technique that analyzes a substance or phenomenon by observing a light spectrum?

A

spectroscopy

40
Q

What refers to a beam of light containing waves that are all aligned in the same direction?

A

polarized

41
Q

What is an arrangement of all forms of electromagnetic radiation in the order of the frequency and wavelength?

A

electromagnetic spectrum

42
Q

What is a low-frequency electromagnetic waves widely used for communication?

A

radio waves

43
Q

What are waves of higher frequency and shorter wavelength than radio waves?

A

microwaves

43
Q

What is a device that uses reflected radio waves or microwaves to measure the distance and direction of a faraway object?

A

radar

44
Q

What is an electromagnetic wave whose frequency is greater than that of microwaves and just below that of red visible light; sometimes called heat ray?

A

infrared ray

45
Q

What is electromagnetic radiation frequency slightly higher than that of visible light from lowest frequency to highest frequency, divided into UVA, UVB, and UVC?

A

ultraviolet radiation

46
Q

What are electromagnetic waves of extremely high frequency and energy released by gamma decay?

A

gamma rays

47
Q

What is the process where a single photon is emitted by an excited electron?

A

spontaneous emission

48
Q

What is the process of photon emission by stimulation of already-exicted atoms?

A

stimulated emission

49
Q

What is a device that generates and amplifies hig-energy beam of light using stimulated emission?

A

laser

50
Q

Who made the first laser called the ruby laser that produced only pulses of light?

A

Theodore H. Maiman

51
Q

What refers to light that consists of only one frequency?

A

monochromatic

52
Q

What refers to light that comes from a single source and in a single wave train with all waves in phase and moving in the same direction?

A

coherent light

53
Q

What is the use of laser beams to transmit signals through narrow glass cables called optical fibers?

A

fiber optics

54
Q

What is a three-dimensional image produced by laser light?

A

hologram

55
Q

Who is the scientist who discovered the special and general theories of relativity and helped discover the wave-particle theory of light?

A

Albert Einstein

56
Q

What is the theory that describes the behavior of objects traveling near the speed of light?

A

special theory of relativity

57
Q

What is the apparent slowdown in time for a rapidly moving object?

A

time dilation

58
Q

What is the apparent contraction in length, which results from the apparent slowdown of time?

A

Lorentz contraction

59
Q

What is the theory proposing that gravity in a result of the geometry of space itself?

A

general theory of relativity

60
Q
A

Physical Science (17 decks)

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