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Physical Science > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter that has no definite shape and can flow; liquid or gas?

A

fluids

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2
Q

What is the study of motion and forces in fluids

A

fluid mechanics

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3
Q

What is a theory stating that all molecules of a substance are in constant motion and move more rapidly as the objec is heated?

A

kinetic theory of matter

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4
Q

What is the state of matter that has a constant volume but can flow and change its shape?

A

liquid

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5
Q

What is the state of matter where molecules move around so quickly that they are practically unaffected by cohesion and that can vary its volume by contracting and expanding?

A

gas

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6
Q

What is the attraction between atoms or molecules of the same substance?

A

cohesion

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7
Q

What is the attraction between molecules of different substances?

A

adhesion

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8
Q

What is the tendency of a liquid to pull atoms or molecules near the surface back into the liquid, forming a “skin” or film on the surface?

A

surface tension

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9
Q

What is a curved surface of a liquid formed because of a difference in strength between cohesion of the fluid molecules and their adhesion to their container?

A

meniscus

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10
Q

What is the phenomenon in which liquids in thin tubes rise above or fall beneath their own levels because of adhesion and cohesion?

A

capillarity

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11
Q

What is the force exerted per unit of area?

A

pressure

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12
Q

What is the SI unit of pressure that is equal to one Newton per square meter?

A

Pascal (Pa)

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13
Q

What is the pressure caused by gravity pulling on a substance?

A

gravitational pressure

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14
Q

What is the principle stating that a pressure increase applied to a fluid inside a closed container will be distributed equally throughout the container?

A

Pascal’s principle

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15
Q

Who discovered Pascal’s principle?d

A

Blaise Pascal

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16
Q

What is a device that uses Pascal’s principle to multiply a force by using a small-diameter input piston and a large-diameter output piston connect by a liquis- filled reservoir?

A

hydraulic press

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17
Q

What is the ability of a gas to be easily squeezed and compacted into a smaller container?

A

compressibility

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18
Q

What is the law stating that a gas’s volume and pressure are inversely proportional when temperature is held constant?

A

Boyle’s Law

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19
Q

What is the law stating that the volume and temperature of a gas are directly proportional when pressure is held constant?

A

Charles’s law

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20
Q

What is the law stating that gas temperatures and pressure are directly related when volume is held constant?

A

Amonton’s law

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21
Q

What is the gravitational pressure of air?

A

atmospheric pressure

22
Q

What is an empty space with no matter?

A

vacuum

23
Q

What is a device used to measure air pressure?

A

barometer

24
Q

Who are scientists who study the weather?

A

meteorologists

25
Q

What is a barometer that uses an airtight metal box with thin, flexible walls to measure pressure?

A

aneroid barometer

26
Q

What is a device used to measure alititude?

A

altimeter

27
Q

Who was the Greek mathematician who discovered that fluids exert a buoyant force upon objects within them?

A

Archimedes

28
Q

What is an upward force exerted by a fluis on a solid object placed in the fluid?

A

buoyancy

29
Q

What is the principle stating that the buoyant force experienced by an object is exactly equal to the weight of the fluid displaced?

A

Archimedes’ principle

30
Q

What is a device that is used to meausre the specific gravity of liquids?

A

hydrometer

31
Q

What is a technique that uses Archimedes’ principle to determine the specific gravity of a solid denses than water?

A

hydrostatic weighing

32
Q

What is a vessel that can float on top of the water or mauever beneath the surface by changing its buoyancy?

A

submarine

33
Q

What is the state in which the weight of a submerged object equals the weight of the fluid displacement?

A

nuetral buoyancy

34
Q

What is a flexible, gas-filled sac that allows the fish to control its buoynacy?

A

swim bladder

35
Q

What is a type of small airship used for various applicants not requiring great speed or robustness?

A

blimp

36
Q

What is fluid friction that tends to slow an object moving through a fluid, including air pressure?

A

drag

37
Q

What are the four main factors that affect drag?

A

the shape of an object, the size of an object, the speed of an object, and the fluid’s density

38
Q

What is the most important factor affecting drag?

A

the shape of the object

39
Q

What is the scince of shaping objects to allow the smooth flow of fluids around them and reduce drag?

A

streamlining

40
Q

What limits the height that airships can attain?

A

the thinning of the atmosphere

41
Q

Why doesn’t a ship sink?

A

it is not made of solid steel; it has components filled with air

42
Q

What is the force on an object that is generated by relative motion between that objects and a fluid and is perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow?

A

lift

43
Q

What is a structure designed to produce left as it moved relative to a fluid?

A

foil

44
Q

What type of foil is designed to work in air?

A

airfoil

45
Q

What type of foil is designed to work in water?

A

hydrofoil

46
Q

What are the factors that affect lift?

A

aspect ratio, size of the foil, angle of attack, and velocity and fluid properties

47
Q

What is the angle of a foil that is relative to fluid flow?

A

angle of attack

48
Q

What is the angle at which maximum lift is achieved?

A

critical angle of attack

49
Q

What is the phenomenon in which a spinning cylinder or ball causes lift?

A

Magus effect

50
Q

What is a decrease in lateral pressure exerted by a moving fluid as the fluid’s speed increases?

A

Bernoulli effect

Physical Science (17 decks)

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