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Physical Science > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an object capable of attracting materials such as iron or steel by a magnetic force?

A

magnet

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2
Q

What is the property of attracting objects by the magnetic force?

A

magnetism

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3
Q

What is the regions of concentrated magnetism in a magnet?

A

pole

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4
Q

What is the pole of a magnet that points north?

A

north pole

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5
Q

What is the pole of a magnet that points south?

A

south pole

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6
Q

What is the law stating that unlike poles attract and like poles repel?

A

law of magnetic poles

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7
Q

What is the region surrounding a magnet in which other objects are affected by magnetism?

A

magnetic field

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8
Q

What are the imaginary lines that indicate the direction and the strength of a magnetic field?

A

lines of flux

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9
Q

What is the law stating that the force between two magnetic poles is directly related to the product of the pole strength and inversely related to the square of the distance between the poles?

A

law of magnetic force

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10
Q

What is the extent to which a material can absorb or channel lines of magnetic force?

A

permeability

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11
Q

How are magnetic fields produced?

A

by the motion of electrons and other charged particles

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12
Q

What is the most important cause of magnetism in magnetic materials?

A

electron spin

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13
Q

What is a group of aligned atoms having a single magnetic field?

A

domain

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14
Q

What describes substances that have no unpaired electrons and are always slightly repelled by either pole of a magnet?

A

diamagnetic

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14
Q

What is the theory that states that the magnetic field of a magnet is the sum of thousands of magnetic domians?

A

domain theory

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15
Q

What describes substances that have only one unpaired electron and are weakly attracted to magnets?

A

paramagnetic

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16
Q

What describes substances that have several unpaired electrons and are strongly attracted to magnets?

A

ferromagnetic

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17
Q

What describes substances that can be quickly magnetized even in a weak magnetic field?

A

magnetically soft

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18
Q

What describes materials whose domains strongly resist changes in the direction of their magnetic fields?

A

magnetically hard

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19
Q

What is a magnets made from magnetically hard material?

A

permanent magent

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20
Q

What is a magnet made from magnetically soft material?

A

temporary magnet

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21
Q

What is magnetizing by stroking an object with a magnet?

A

magnetizing by contact

22
Q

What is temporary magnetization caused by placing an object within a magnetic field?

A

magnetizing by induction

23
Q

What is magnetizing caused around a wire by electricity flowing through a wire?

A

magnetizing by electricity

24
Q

What is a device that produces a strong magnetic field when electricity passes through it?

A

electromagnet

25
Q

What is the rule stating that if the thumb of the left hand is pointed along a wire in the direction of electron current, the fingers encircle the conductor in the direction of the generated magnetic field?

A

left-hand rule

26
Q

What is a magnetically soft material placed within the coils of an electromagnet in order to strengthen its field?

A

core

27
Q

What is the temperature at which a ferromagnetic material’s domains disappear?

A

Curie point

28
Q

What is the resistance of a magnet to being demagnetized by a magnetic field?

A

coercivity

29
Q

What is the force on an electric charge moving in a magnetic field that causes the charge to deviate from its original path?

A

deflecting force

30
Q

What is a navigational device consisting of a magnet free to swing horizontally so that it always points north?

A

magnetic compass

31
Q

Who was a British pioneer of electrostatics and discovered that a compass points north because it is guided by Earth’s magnetic field?

A

William Gilbert

32
Q

What is the book in which William Gilbert published his findings on magnetism?

A

De Magnete

33
Q

What is the geographically north magnetic pole of the earth; a “south-seeking” pole?

A

north magnetic pole

34
Q

What is the geographically south magnetic pole of the earth; a “north-seeking” pole?

A

south magnetic pole

35
Q

Do the magnetic poles of the earth coincide exactly with the geographic poles?

A

no

36
Q

If the earth’s magnetic poles are no called north and south because of their magnetic properties, what are they named for?

A

their geographic locations

37
Q

What is the direction to the earth’s geographic north pole considered to be?

A

true north

38
Q

What is the deviation of a compass needle from true north?

A

angle of declination

39
Q

What is a line connecting points of equal declination?

A

isogonic line

40
Q

What is a line connecting all points where a compass needle points true north?

A

agonic line

41
Q

What is the phenomenon in which a compass constructed with a magnet that swings vertically instead of horizontally points in the angle at which lines of flux enters the earth?

A

inclination

42
Q

What is a line connecting points of equal inclination?

A

isoclinic lines

43
Q

What is an isoclinic line where the angle of inclination is 0°?

A

magnetic equator

44
Q

What is the extent of a planet’s magnetic field in space?

A

magnetosphere

45
Q

What is a stream of plasma that emanates from the sun?

A

solar wind

46
Q

What is the portion of a magnetosphere that stretched out away from the sun?

A

magnetotail

47
Q

What is the outer boundary of the magnetoshpere?

A

magnetopause

48
Q

What are two vast, doughnut-shaped belts of high-speed charged particles surrounding Earth?

A

Van Allen radiation belts

49
Q

What is the display of shimmering light produced by high-speed particles that spiral into the upper atmosphere and crash into molecules of air?

A

auroras

50
Q

What is another name for the northern lights?

A

aurora borealis

51
Q

What is another name for the southern lights?

A

aurora australis

52
Q

Is Earth the only natural magnet in the solar system?

A

no

Physical Science (17 decks)

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