Chapter 12 Flashcards
What is the branch of the study of electricity that deals with the behavior and motion of electrons in a vacuum or in semiconductors?
electronics
What is a glass tube containing electrodes sealed in a vacuum?
vacuum tube
What is the negative electrode of a vacuum tube?
cathode
What is the positive electrode of a vacuum tube?
anode
How do electrons enter and leave the vacuum tube?
Electrons enter through the cathode and leave through the anode
What is a stream of electrons emitted by the cathode of a vacuum tube?
cathode ray
What is a vacuum tube designed so that the cathode rays would miss the anode and strike the end of the tube instead?
cathode-ray tube
What is a chatode-ray tube designed to generate x-rays?
x-ray tube
What is the production of an electric current in a vacuum using a heated cathode; originally named the Edison effect?
thermionic emission
What is a simple vacuum tube consisting of two electrodes?
diode
Who invented the diode?
John Ambrose Flemming
What is a vacuum tube that has three electrodes and acts as an electronic switch that can amplify weak signals?
triode
What allows the human voice to be transmitted and received over long distances?
triode
What is a material that is neither a good conductor nor a good insulator?
semiconductor
What is the process that is used to increase the number of free electrons and holes in a semiconductor crystal by replacing some of the atoms of the semiconductor with atoms of another element?
doping
What is a type of material formed by doping silicon with a substance that gives it additional electrons?
n-type semiconductor
What is a type of material formed by doping silicon with a substance that gives it additional holes?
p-type semiconductor
What allows current to flow in only one direction?
p-n junction
What is a semiconductor device that, like vacuum-tube diodes, allows current to pass in only one direction?
semiconductor diode
What is a semiconductor device that can perform the same function as a vacuum-tube triode, such as acting as a “switch” and amplifying weak signals?
transistor
What is a transistor that consists of a p-type base sandwiched between two n-type layers or an n-type base between two p-type layers?
junction transistor
What is the most common type of transistor used today; found in compute chips?
Field-effect transistor (FET)
What is an electronic device that consists of solid crystals of semiconductor?
solid-state device
What is a semiconductor device that produces electric current through the photovoltaic effect?
photovoltaic cell