Chapter 5 Flashcards
What is the ability to do work and change matter?
energy
What is the SI unit of work and energy, equal to the work done in moving an object a distance of 1m by pushing it with a force of 1N?
joule (J)
What is the energy of motion?
kinetic energy
What is the energy associated with the position of an object and forces acting upon it?
potential energy
What is energy from motion of forces that affect a whole object?
mechanical energy
What is the law stating that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transferred?
law of conservation of energy
What is the principle stating that mass and energy can be considered two different ways of measuring the same physical properties?
mass-energy equivalence
What is the law stating that the sum of mass and energy is constant?
law of conservation of mass and energy
What is the energy of an entire object moving?
whole-body kinetic energy
What is the whole-body kinetic energy caused by translational motion?
translational kinetic energy
What is motion in which an object spins or rolls around and internal axis?
rotational motion
What is kinetic energy caused by rotational motion?
rotational kinetic energy
What are four factors that affect kinetic energy?
mass, speed, size, and shape
What is internal energy that an object has because of the random motions of its individual particles?
thermal energy
What is energy caused by a disturbance moving through a substance?
wave energy
What are any of the four natural forces that cause potential energy?
fundamental force
What are the four fundamental forces?
gravitational force, weak nuclear force, electromagnetic force, strong nuclear force
What is the attractive force between all material forces?
gravitational force
What is a model that represents the direction and strength of a body’s gravity at every point in space?
gravitational field
What is the potential energy that an object gains from the work used t move it against a gravitational field?
gravitational potential energy
What is the force that affects certain subatomic particles, is stronger than the gravitational force, and is weaker than the electromagnetic force?
weak nuclear force
What is the second-strongest force that affects only objects with an electric charge, it includes electricity and momentum?
electromagnetic force
What is electromagnetic potential energy that a stationary charged object has from the work needed to move it thorough another stationary object?
electric potential energy
What has electromagnetic potential energy caused by interfering magnetic fields?
magnetic potential energy
What is energy resulting from the chemical combination of atoms into molecules?
chemical energy
What is potential energy caused by restorative forces?
elastic potential energy
What force binds subatomic particles together to form the nucleus of an atom?
strong nuclear force
What is potential energy caused by the strong nuclear force?
nuclear potential force
