Chapter 6

Question 1

What is the internal energy that an object has because of the random motions of its individual molecules?

Answer 1

thermal energy

Question 2

What is closely related to the thermal energy of an object?

Answer 2

temperature

Question 3

What are three factors that affect the thermal energy of an object?

Answer 3

Mass, state of matter, and temperature

Question 4

What is the transfer of thermal energy from an object of higher temperature to an object of lower temperature?

Answer 4

heat

Question 5

How is heat measured?

Answer 5

using the joule

Question 6

What is the state in which no thermal energy is transferred between objects because they are at the same temperature?

Answer 6

thermal equilibrium

Question 7

What is the amount of heat needed to change an object’s temperature by a certain amount?

Answer 7

heat capacity

Question 8

What is the ratio of an object’s heat capacity to the object’s mass?

Answer 8

specific heat

Question 9

What is a device designed to measure the heat involved in physical and chemical changes?

Answer 9

calorimeter

Question 10

What is a device that automatically regulates temperature?

Answer 10

thermostat

Question 11

What is a device consisting of two metal strips that are bonded together that bends in response to temperature changes?

Answer 11

bimetallic strip

Question 12

What is the transfer of a property like thermal energy (heat) or electric charge through direct contact?

Answer 12

conduction

Question 13

Who invented the miner’s safety lamp?

Answer 13

Sir Humphrey Davy

Question 14

What is a transfer of heat by moving fluids?

Answer 14

convection

Question 15

What are currents within a liquid caused by heating fluids rising and cooler fluids sinking?

Answer 15

convection currents

Question 16

What is a transfer of heat without matter as radiant energy?

Answer 16

radiation

Question 17

What is a type of double-walled container designed to minimize the transfer of heat?

Answer 17

Dewer flask

Question 18

What type of system warms a room by convection currents?

Answer 18

Hot-water heating systems

Question 19

What type of system warms a room with a furnace?

Answer 19

forced- warm- air systems

Question 20

What is the branch of physics that deals with thermal energy, and their relationships to other forms of energy and energy transfer?

Answer 20

thermodynamics

Question 21

What is a matter or portion of the universe being studied?

Answer 21

system

Question 22

What is the entire universe except the system?

Answer 22

surroundings

Question 23

What is the relationship between mechanical energy and heat?

Answer 23

mechanical equivalent of heat

Question 24

What is the law stating that the energy gained (or lost) by a system is the equal to the energy lost (or gained) by its surroundings?

Answer 24

first law of thermodynamics

Question 25

What is a theoretical device that would generate the maximum possible amount of work from a given amount of heat?

Answer 25

carnot engine

Question 26

What is the law stating that natural processes tend to go only one way, toward less unusable energy and greater disorder; implies that the universe is not improving but running down?

Answer 26

second law of thermodynamics

Question 27

What is the measure of the amount of disorder in a system?

Answer 27

entropy

Question 28

What is a hypothetical machine that would work generate its own energy once set into motion?

Answer 28

perpetual motion machine

Question 29

What is the changing of a solid into a liquid?

Answer 29

melting

Question 30

What is the changing of a liquid into a solid?

Answer 30

freezing

Question 31

What is the phenomenon in which the freezing point of a liquid is lowered by the addition of solutes?

Answer 31

freezing point depression

Question 32

What is the "hidden" heat absorbed or released when a substance changes its state?

Answer 32

latent heat

Question 33

What is the latent heat required to change a given mass of a solid into a liquid without changing its temperature?

Answer 33

heat of fusion

Question 34

What is the change of a substance from a liquid into a gas?

Answer 34

evaporation

Question 35

What describes a liquid that evaporates rapidly?

Answer 35

volatile

Question 36

What describes a liquid that evaporates slowly?

Answer 36

nonvolatile

Question 37

What is the state of evaporation that occurs throuhgout a liquid?

Answer 37

boiling

Question 38

What is the temperature a which a substance boils?

Answer 38

boiling point

Question 39

Who first measured the mechanical equivalent of heat?

Answer 39

James Prescott Joule

Question 40

What is the phenomenon is which the addition of nonvolatile solutes raises the boiling point temperature of a liquid?

Answer 40

boiling point of elevation

Question 41

What is the latent heat required to change a given amount of liquid already at its boiling point into a gas without changing its tempeature?

Answer 41

heat of vaporization

Question 42

What is the process of a gas changing into a liquid?

Answer 42

condensation

Question 43

What is the pressure that must be exerted by a vapor on a liquid of the same substance for the vapor and liquid to be in equilibrium at a given temperature?

Answer 43

vapor pressure

Question 44

What is the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the pressure of the air above the liquid?

Answer 44

boiling point

Question 45

What is the temperature above which a substance cannot exist in the liquid state but behaves as a gas regardless of the pressure upon it?

Answer 45

critical temperature

Question 46

What is a device that uses mechanical energy and latent heat to transfer thermal energy from a colder location to a warmer location?

Answer 46

heat pump

Question 47

What is a fluid used to transfer thermal energy throughout a heat pump?

Answer 47

refrigerant

Question 48

What is the part of a heat pump that compresses gaseous refrigerant to a very high pressure?

Answer 48

compressor

Question 49

What is the radiation in a heat pump in which the refrigerant cools as it releases heat to its surroundings?

Answer 49

condensor

Question 50

What is the winding tube in a heat pump in which some of the liquid changes instantly to vapor, absorbing much thermal energy as a latent heat and cooling dramatically?

Answer 50

evaporator

Question 51

What is the process of a solid changing directly into a gas?

Answer 51

sublimation

Question 52

What is the process of a gas changing driectly into a solid?

Answer 52

deposition

Question 53

What is a special state of matter that is an ionized gas and exists when temperatures are too high for matter to exist in its ordinary state?

Answer 53

plasma