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Physical Science > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What means “out of nothing”?

A

Ex nihilo

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2
Q

Besides life, what are some other things that God created?

A

-time
-space
-matter
-energy

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3
Q

What is the belief that the universe and life formed by gradual processes?

A

evolution

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4
Q

Who was the author of Origin of Species, which combined uniformitarianism and natural selection to explain the variety of living things?

A

Charles Darwin

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5
Q

What was the ship that Charles Darwin sailed on during an expedition around South America and to islands in the Pacific Ocean?

A

HMS Beagle

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6
Q

Who was the geologist who wrote Priniciples of Geology and proposed the idea of uniformitarianism?

A

Charles Lyell

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7
Q

What is the belief that natural processes have always occurred in the same manner and at the same rate that they do now?

A

uniformitarianism

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8
Q

What is the principle stating that the true laws of nature always hold, no matter when or where they are applied?

A

principle of uniformity

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9
Q

Who was an early advocate of Darwin’s ideas of evolution who helped those ideas obtain immense success?

A

Thomas Huxley

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10
Q

Who was a prominent American botanist who supported Charles Darwin’s work?

A

Asa Gray

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11
Q

Who was a prominent America geologist who supported Charles Darwin’s work?

A

James Dana

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12
Q

What is the idea that God used evolution to make everything in the world?

A

theistic evolution

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13
Q

What is the merging of Darwin’s idead with new discoveries about heredity?

A

Neo-Darwinism

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14
Q

What is the philosophy that asserts that nothing is knowable outside the natural world?

A

secular humanism

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15
Q

What is the idea that life arose from a chemical reaction in the ocean with energy provided by thermal vents in the ocean floor or lightning at the ocean surface?

A

abiogenesis

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16
Q

Who was an evolutionary scientist who performed one of the most famous experiments to reproduce abiogenesis in the laboratory?

A

Stanley Miller

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17
Q

What is a point of infinite density and no volume?

A

a singularity

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18
Q

What is the most commonly accepted evolutionary view of the origin of the matter and energy and expanded, forming shapeless globs of gas that eventually transformed into the universe as it is today?

A

Big Bang Theory

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19
Q

Who was a self-educated opponent of Darwinism and student of the Bible who rose to prominence in the 1920s?

A

Harry Rimmer

20
Q

Who was an early 20th-century creationist who used geological evidence to argue for a literal interpretation of the Genesis Creation account?

A

George McCready Price

21
Q

Who coauthored The Genesis Flood?

A

Dr. Henry Morris and Dr. John Whitcomb

22
Q

what is the study of science, especially as it related to the origins of the universe and of life based on faith in God as Creator?

A

creation science

23
Q

What is an organization founded in 1963 to assemble scientists who would support the ideas of a literal Creation?

A

Creation Research Society

24
Q

What is the leading creationist research establishment founded by Henry Morris?

A

Institute for Creation Research (ICR)

25
Q

Who was the vice president of ICR and the most prominent creationist debater of the late 20th century?

A

Duane Gish

26
Q

In the intelligent design movement, what is the idea that living things must have a certain number of their parts functioning simultaneously to survive?

A

irreducible complexity

27
Q

What is the idea that each of the six day Creation in Genesis 1 actually represents a long period of time?

A

day-age theory

28
Q

Who was one of the greatest giants of science and a firm believer in the divine creation of the universe?

A

Sir Isaac Newton

29
Q

Who was the British pioneer of electrostatics and magnetism who published his discoveries in De Magnete?

A

William Gilbert

30
Q

Who was the American inventor, scientist, and artist best-known for his invention of the telegraph?

A

Samuel F. B. Morse

31
Q

What is the process in which DNA is copied?

A

replication

32
Q

What is a random change in the DNA that occurs when a gene is damaged or is copied incorrectly?

A

mutation

33
Q

Do you have to believe in evolution to be a scientist?

A

no

34
Q

What is a group of tecniques that use the radioactive decay of unstable isotopes to estimate the ages of samples like rocks and fossils?

A

radiometric dating

35
Q
A
36
Q

What is the process in which an unstable parent isotope is converted into a daughter isotope?

A

radioactive decay

36
Q

What is the time recquired for half of a sample of the parent isotopes to decay?

A

half-life

37
Q
A
38
Q

What is works by comparing the ratio of parent and daughter isotopes to the parent isotope’s half-life?

A

radiometric dating

39
Q

Since the dates in radiometric dating are based on evolutionary assumptions, using these dates to “prove” evolution, what logical fallacy is occurring?

A

circular reasoning

40
Q

What describes the intensity of a phenomenon as being inversely proportional to the square of a distnace?

A

inverse square laws

41
Q

What is the most important scientific principle showing that these had to have been an act of creation?

A

second law of thermodynamics

42
Q

What is the law stating that the universe is not improving but is instead running down or dying?

A

second law of thermodynamics

43
Q

What is a bat’s “sonar” system?

A

echolocation

44
Q

What is a freshwater fish found in tropical areas of Africa that can grow up to 120cm long and have a mass of over 20kg?

A

the electric catfish

45
Q

What is the most powerful of all the electric fish and can range in length from about 0.3 to 1.8m?

A

the electric ray

46
Q

What is the voltage king of the electric fish and, when full-grown can put out over 650V?

A

the electric eel

Physical Science (17 decks)

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