Chapter 8 Flashcards
An example of the media’s agenda setting would not include which of the following
Reporting on the daily stock market numbers
The Radio Act of 1927 created this important oversight agency for radio and other forms of broadcasting
Federal Communications Commission
While not the first president to regularly give speeches over the radio, this president popularized the political power of radio
Franklin Roosevelt
This document, along with its lesser-known counterpart, fueled the argument that a free press is vital to the American democratic process
The Federalist Papers
This serialized novel served as a great example of muckraking in that it led to changes in the way industrial workers were treated and local political machines were run
Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
The rise of social media in the political process has also seen the advent of _____________, in which everyday Americans use their cell phones to capture events and post them on the Internet
Citizen journalism
This is the collection of all forms of media that communicate information to the general public
mass media
This age group is more likely to get their news and information from social media, such as YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook
Millennials
Joseph Pulitzer brought about the era of ________________, in which the front-page news was sensational and scandalous
Yellow journalism
By 2020, _____ conglomerates controlled most of the broadcast media in the United States
5
When a journalist has a difficult time presenting information in an unbiased fashion, his reporting may take the form of a/n __________
a. Op-Ed
b. Commentary
c. Editorial
d. All of the above
Traditionally, the view of the media was that they, along with family and friends, helped to influence the worldviews of individuals. Today, however, a new idea has been promulgated that the media actually develops a person’s view of the world by presenting a perceived reality. What we see on a regular basis then, becomes our reality, even if it is framed through a certain perspective. What is this idea?
cultivation theory
The media is sometimes referred to as the _________ because it stands alongside the branches of government to directly influence the political process
Fourth estate
The first televised presidential debate was between which two candidates?
John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon
According to federal indecency standards, “obscene or profane programming” can be shown on television between the hours of _________________
10pm and 6am
________ deals with speaking false information, while ____________ deals with printing false information
Slander; libel
On rare occasions, the federal government can actual prevent the publication of classified information by the press. This is known as what?
prior restraint
These regulations required internet service providers to give everyone equal access to their services and disallowed biased charging of internet access fees. These regulations were thrown out in the early days of the Trump Administration
Net neutrality
The modern media narrative has been somewhat disparaged by ______________, in which modern journalists analyze campaigns and blunders or the overall race, rather than interviewing the candidates and discussing their issue positions
Horserace coverage
According to the text, which of these would be considered an example of “Soft news?”
The Daily Show with Trevor Noah
A local station that broadcasts national network programming is called a(an) ________station
affiliate
Cable programming is often ________
national
A conglomerate is a corporation that
owns many businesses and media networks
When acting as an agenda setter, the media ________.
decides which issues deserve public attention
Newspapers during the Revolutionary War period tended to ________
unite the colonists and provide information
about the British
Muckraking occurs when newspapers ________
investigate problems in government and business
Radio quiz shows and comedy shows were most popular in the ________
1990s
Television news became a regular feature during ________ due to the public’s demand for ________ to explain current events
Vietnam War; charts and tables
In which circumstance would the courts find libel?
A reporter uses a source that incorrectly states a celebrity is using drugs.
Why did Franklin D. Roosevelt’s fireside chats help the president enact his policies?
fireside chats kept him in high public regard throughout his presidency
How have modern presidents used television to reach out to citizens?
The State of the Union address and “rally ‘round the flag” speeches help explain policies and offer comfort after crises
Why is soft news good at reaching out and educating viewers?
presents news in an entertaining and approachable manner,
painlessly introducing a variety of topic
In which circumstance would the courts find libel?
A reporter uses a source that incorrectly states a celebrity is using drugs
The Supreme Court determined that the right of the press to print classified material ________.
is partial, and the press may print classified
material only if it does not compromise
troops or covert operatives
The Federal Communications Commission oversees the programming of which entities?
television, radio, satellite, and cable
Which of the following is a reasonable exception to the Freedom of Information Act?
medical records for government employees
Why is it a potential problem that the equal-time rule does not apply to candidates’ supporters?
Supporters can act as advertisements, raise donations, and ask for volunteers to help a campaign
Under what circumstances might a journalist be compelled to give up a source?
if required by the supreme court in matters of national security
Which of the following is an example of episodic framing?
a story on drug abuse that interviews addicts and discusses reasons for addiction and government responses to help addicts
According to research, why might a woman decide not to run for office?
She fears the media will criticize her family
Media coverage of a race tends to ________
overrepresent African Americans as poor
How might framing or priming affect the way a reader or viewer thinks about an issue?
framing=>change perspective of story
priming=>change perspective of reader
Why would inaccurate coverage of race and gender affect policy or elections?
If we are presented with a reality, it affects the way we vote and the policies we support
the media’s ability to choose which issues or topics get attention
agenda setting
the coverage area assigned to journalists for news or stories
beat
video and print news posted to the Internet or social media by citizens rather than the
news media
citizen journalism
the idea that media affect a citizen’s worldview through the information presented
cultivation theory
the need for a paid subscription to access published online material
digital paywall
an FCC policy that all candidates running for office must be given the same radio and
television airtime opportunities
equal-time rule
a 1949 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) policy, now defunct, that required
holders of broadcast licenses to cover controversial issues in a balanced manner
fairness doctrine
the process of giving a news story a specific context or background
framing
a federal statute that requires public agencies to provide certain
types of information requested by citizens
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
the idea that information is placed in a citizen’s brain and accepted
hypodermic theory
laws that limit indecent and obscene material on public airwaves
indecency regulations
printed information about a person or organization that is not true and harms the reputation of the
person or organization
libel
the collection of all media forms that communicate information to the general public
mass media
the idea that the media have little effect on citizens
minimal effects theory
news coverage focusing on exposing corrupt business and government practices
muckraking
period during the 1780s in which newspaper content was biased by political partisanship
party press era
the process of predisposing readers or viewers to think a particular way
priming
a government action that stops someone from doing something before they are able to do
it (e.g., forbidding someone to publish a book he or she plans to release)
prior restraint
biased communication intended to improve the image of people, companies, or
organizations
public relations
the right of a journalist to keep a source confidential
reporter’s privilege
spoken information about a person or organization that is not true and harms the reputation of
the person or organization
slander
news presented in an entertaining style
soft news
laws that require government documents and proceedings to be made public
sunshine laws
sensationalized coverage of scandals and human interest stories
yellow journalism
