Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

An example of the media’s agenda setting would not include which of the following

A

Reporting on the daily stock market numbers

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2
Q

The Radio Act of 1927 created this important oversight agency for radio and other forms of broadcasting

A

Federal Communications Commission

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3
Q

While not the first president to regularly give speeches over the radio, this president popularized the political power of radio

A

Franklin Roosevelt

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4
Q

This document, along with its lesser-known counterpart, fueled the argument that a free press is vital to the American democratic process

A

The Federalist Papers

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5
Q

This serialized novel served as a great example of muckraking in that it led to changes in the way industrial workers were treated and local political machines were run

A

Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle

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6
Q

The rise of social media in the political process has also seen the advent of _____________, in which everyday Americans use their cell phones to capture events and post them on the Internet

A

Citizen journalism

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7
Q

This is the collection of all forms of media that communicate information to the general public

A

mass media

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8
Q

This age group is more likely to get their news and information from social media, such as YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook

A

Millennials

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9
Q

Joseph Pulitzer brought about the era of ________________, in which the front-page news was sensational and scandalous

A

Yellow journalism

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10
Q

By 2020, _____ conglomerates controlled most of the broadcast media in the United States

A

5

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11
Q

When a journalist has a difficult time presenting information in an unbiased fashion, his reporting may take the form of a/n __________

A

a. Op-Ed
b. Commentary
c. Editorial
d. All of the above

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12
Q

Traditionally, the view of the media was that they, along with family and friends, helped to influence the worldviews of individuals. Today, however, a new idea has been promulgated that the media actually develops a person’s view of the world by presenting a perceived reality. What we see on a regular basis then, becomes our reality, even if it is framed through a certain perspective. What is this idea?

A

cultivation theory

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13
Q

The media is sometimes referred to as the _________ because it stands alongside the branches of government to directly influence the political process

A

Fourth estate

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14
Q

The first televised presidential debate was between which two candidates?

A

John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon

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15
Q

According to federal indecency standards, “obscene or profane programming” can be shown on television between the hours of _________________

A

10pm and 6am

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16
Q

________ deals with speaking false information, while ____________ deals with printing false information

A

Slander; libel

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17
Q

On rare occasions, the federal government can actual prevent the publication of classified information by the press. This is known as what?

A

prior restraint

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18
Q

These regulations required internet service providers to give everyone equal access to their services and disallowed biased charging of internet access fees. These regulations were thrown out in the early days of the Trump Administration

A

Net neutrality

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19
Q

The modern media narrative has been somewhat disparaged by ______________, in which modern journalists analyze campaigns and blunders or the overall race, rather than interviewing the candidates and discussing their issue positions

A

Horserace coverage

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20
Q

According to the text, which of these would be considered an example of “Soft news?”

A

The Daily Show with Trevor Noah

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21
Q

A local station that broadcasts national network programming is called a(an) ________station

A

affiliate

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22
Q

Cable programming is often ________

A

national

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23
Q

A conglomerate is a corporation that

A

owns many businesses and media networks

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24
Q

When acting as an agenda setter, the media ________.

A

decides which issues deserve public attention

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25
Q

Newspapers during the Revolutionary War period tended to ________

A

unite the colonists and provide information

about the British

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26
Q

Muckraking occurs when newspapers ________

A

investigate problems in government and business

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27
Q

Radio quiz shows and comedy shows were most popular in the ________

A

1990s

28
Q

Television news became a regular feature during ________ due to the public’s demand for ________ to explain current events

A

Vietnam War; charts and tables

29
Q

In which circumstance would the courts find libel?

A

A reporter uses a source that incorrectly states a celebrity is using drugs.

30
Q

Why did Franklin D. Roosevelt’s fireside chats help the president enact his policies?

A

fireside chats kept him in high public regard throughout his presidency

31
Q

How have modern presidents used television to reach out to citizens?

A

The State of the Union address and “rally ‘round the flag” speeches help explain policies and offer comfort after crises

32
Q

Why is soft news good at reaching out and educating viewers?

A

presents news in an entertaining and approachable manner,

painlessly introducing a variety of topic

33
Q

In which circumstance would the courts find libel?

A

A reporter uses a source that incorrectly states a celebrity is using drugs

34
Q

The Supreme Court determined that the right of the press to print classified material ________.

A

is partial, and the press may print classified
material only if it does not compromise
troops or covert operatives

35
Q

The Federal Communications Commission oversees the programming of which entities?

A

television, radio, satellite, and cable

36
Q

Which of the following is a reasonable exception to the Freedom of Information Act?

A

medical records for government employees

37
Q

Why is it a potential problem that the equal-time rule does not apply to candidates’ supporters?

A

Supporters can act as advertisements, raise donations, and ask for volunteers to help a campaign

38
Q

Under what circumstances might a journalist be compelled to give up a source?

A

if required by the supreme court in matters of national security

39
Q

Which of the following is an example of episodic framing?

A

a story on drug abuse that interviews addicts and discusses reasons for addiction and government responses to help addicts

40
Q

According to research, why might a woman decide not to run for office?

A

She fears the media will criticize her family

41
Q

Media coverage of a race tends to ________

A

overrepresent African Americans as poor

42
Q

How might framing or priming affect the way a reader or viewer thinks about an issue?

A

framing=>change perspective of story

priming=>change perspective of reader

43
Q

Why would inaccurate coverage of race and gender affect policy or elections?

A

If we are presented with a reality, it affects the way we vote and the policies we support

44
Q

the media’s ability to choose which issues or topics get attention

A

agenda setting

45
Q

the coverage area assigned to journalists for news or stories

A

beat

46
Q

video and print news posted to the Internet or social media by citizens rather than the
news media

A

citizen journalism

47
Q

the idea that media affect a citizen’s worldview through the information presented

A

cultivation theory

48
Q

the need for a paid subscription to access published online material

A

digital paywall

49
Q

an FCC policy that all candidates running for office must be given the same radio and
television airtime opportunities

A

equal-time rule

50
Q

a 1949 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) policy, now defunct, that required
holders of broadcast licenses to cover controversial issues in a balanced manner

A

fairness doctrine

51
Q

the process of giving a news story a specific context or background

A

framing

52
Q

a federal statute that requires public agencies to provide certain
types of information requested by citizens

A

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)

53
Q

the idea that information is placed in a citizen’s brain and accepted

A

hypodermic theory

54
Q

laws that limit indecent and obscene material on public airwaves

A

indecency regulations

55
Q

printed information about a person or organization that is not true and harms the reputation of the
person or organization

A

libel

56
Q

the collection of all media forms that communicate information to the general public

A

mass media

57
Q

the idea that the media have little effect on citizens

A

minimal effects theory

58
Q

news coverage focusing on exposing corrupt business and government practices

A

muckraking

59
Q

period during the 1780s in which newspaper content was biased by political partisanship

A

party press era

60
Q

the process of predisposing readers or viewers to think a particular way

A

priming

61
Q

a government action that stops someone from doing something before they are able to do
it (e.g., forbidding someone to publish a book he or she plans to release)

A

prior restraint

62
Q

biased communication intended to improve the image of people, companies, or
organizations

A

public relations

63
Q

the right of a journalist to keep a source confidential

A

reporter’s privilege

64
Q

spoken information about a person or organization that is not true and harms the reputation of
the person or organization

A

slander

65
Q

news presented in an entertaining style

A

soft news

66
Q

laws that require government documents and proceedings to be made public

A

sunshine laws

67
Q

sensationalized coverage of scandals and human interest stories

A

yellow journalism