Chapter 12

Question 1

Theodore Roosevelt’s notion of the presidency as a platform from which the president could push an agenda

Answer 1

bully pulpit

Question 2

a group of advisors to the president, consisting of the most senior appointed officers of the executive branch who head the fifteen executive departments

Answer 2

cabinet

Question 3

an international agreement between the president and another country made by the executive branch and without formal consent by the Senate

Answer 3

executive agreement

Question 4

the administrative organization that reports directly to the president and made up of important offices, units, and staff of the current president and headed by the White House chief of staff

Answer 4

executive office of the president

Question 5

a rule or order issued by the president without the cooperation of Congress and having the force of law

Answer 5

executive order

Question 6

the president’s right to withhold information from Congress, the judiciary, or the public

Answer 6

executive privilege

Question 7

a term for when the president delivers a major television address in the hope that public pressure will result in legislators supporting the president on a major piece of legislation

Answer 7

going public

Question 8

the act of charging a government official with serious wrongdoing, which in some cases may lead to the removal of that official from office

Answer 8

impeachment

Question 9

an informal meeting held in the nineteenth century, sometimes called a congressional caucus, made up of legislators in the Congress who met to decide on presidential nominees for their respective parties

Answer 9

king caucus

Question 10

a power created through law in 1996 and overturned by the Supreme Court in 1998 that allowed the president to veto specific aspects of bills passed by Congress while signing into law what remained

Answer 10

line-item veto

Question 11

an office within the Executive Office of the President charged with producing the president’s budget, overseeing its implementation, and overseeing the executive bureaucracy

Answer 11

office of management and budget

Question 12

a spike in presidential popularity during international crises

Answer 12

rally around the flag effect

Question 13

a statement a president issues with the intent to influence the way a specific bill the president signs should be enforced

Answer 13

signing statement

Question 14

Many at the Continental Congress wereskeptical of allowing presidents to be directly elected by the legislature because ________.

Answer 14

they feared the opportunities created for corruption

Question 15

What is a way George Washington expanded the power of the presidency?

Answer 15

He appointed the heads of various federal departments as his own advisors

Question 16

How did presidents who served in the decades directly after Washington expand the powers of the presidency?

Answer 16

John Adams expanded the war powers by waging undeclared war, Thomas Jefferson negotiated the purchase of Louisiana from France, and James Monroe took direct control of foreign policymaking when he issued the Monroe Doctrine

Question 17

What factors contributed to the growth of presidential power in the twentieth century?

Answer 17

1. Unity of presidency
2. Authority delegated by congress
3. Citizens’ demand for leadership
4. President’s ability to act quickly in crisis
5. President’s views/ways of fulfilling roles
6. President’s ability to use media

Question 18

How did the election of 1824 change the way presidents were selected?

Answer 18

The selection of the candidate with fewer electoral votes triggered the rise of party control over nominations

Question 19

Which of the following is an unintended consequence of the rise of the primary and caucus system?

Answer 19

Sometimes candidates unpopular with the party leadership reach the top

Question 20

What problems exist with the Electoral College?

Answer 20

1. small states are over-represented
2. the state by state set-up of the college, in the modern era, leads to states that are safe wins for one party, leaving a handful of states that get all the attention
3. its outcomes can differ from the outcome of actual citizen voting

Question 21

The people who make up the modern president’s cabinet are the heads of the major federal departments and ________.

Answer 21

must be senate confirmed

Question 22

very challenging job for new presidents is to ______.

Answer 22

nominate and gain confirmation for their cabinet and hundreds of other officials

Question 23

President Theodore Roosevelt’s concept of the bully pulpit was the office’s ________

Answer 23

premier position to pressure through public appeal

Question 24

how many electors today

Answer 24

538

Question 25

who picks the president when there is no majority vote

Answer 25

House of Representatives

Question 26

president requirements

Answer 26

1. 35 years old minimum
2. natural born U.S. citizen
3. been a U.S. inhabitant 14 years
4. limited to 2 4-year terms

Question 27

3 impeachment methods

Answer 27

1. HOR majority vote
2. 2/3 vote in Senate
3. VP would be president after impeachment

Question 28

3 presidents that faced impeachment

Answer 28

1. Andrew Jackson
2. Richard Nixon
3. Bill Clinton

Question 29

Washington issued a neutrality proclamation that extended his rights as diplomat-in-chief far more broadly than had at first been conceived in

Answer 29

1793

Question 30

growth of presidential power attributable to

Answer 30

national government growth

Question 31

most visible but also least powerful member of president’s office

Answer 31

vice president

Question 32

first ___ days in office measure a president’s effectiveness

Answer 32

100

Question 33

first ladies who took initiative (4)

Answer 33

1. i.e., Eleanor Roosevelt activated civil rights movement
2. Betty Ford stood up for women’s rights in 1974 (pro-choice)
3. Rosalynn Carter attended cabient meetings and was a mental health advocate
4. Nancy Reagan’s “Just Say No” anti-drug work

Question 34

2 categories of presidential power

Answer 34

1. direct actions the chief executive

2. informal powers of persuasion and negotiation

Question 35

required Senate concurrence to remove presidential nominees who took office upon Senate confirmation

Answer 35

Tenure of Office Act (1867)

Question 36

used over 2k pardons, more than any president

Answer 36

Harry S. Truman

Question 37

who pardoned Nixon

Answer 37

Gerald Ford

Question 38

president’s power managed by

Answer 38

checks and balances

Question 39

Richard Neustadt claimed that presidential power was the power to

Answer 39

persuade

Question 40

when one party controls the presidency and the other controls one or both chambers of Congress

Answer 40

divided government

Question 41

presidents who take office during a trial have a great deal of

Answer 41

pressure