Chapter 10

Question 1

Which of these is not a strong predictor of political engagement, according to the text?

Answer 1

Entertainment types

Question 2

According to the text, these are benefits that help most or all citizens

Answer 2

collective goods

Question 3

Some interest groups can be organized into membership organizations, in which they join voluntarily and usually pay dues. Which of these is not an example of a membership organization as it relates to interest groups?

Answer 3

Republican party

Question 4

Political parties and _____________ both work together and compete for influence, although in different ways

Answer 4

a. Lobbyists
b. Interest groups
c. Factions
d. All of the above**

Question 5

In what way do interest groups facilitate political participation, according to the text?

Answer 5

a. Members become active within a group, working on behalf of the organization to promote its agenda.
b. Interest groups work to increase members.
c. Interest groups organize rallies.
d. All of the above.

Question 6

These laws prevent lawmakers from lobbying government immediately after leaving public office

Answer 6

Revolving door laws

Question 7

This seminal book exposed the dangers of pesticides such as DDT and served as the catalyst for environmental awareness across the nation

Answer 7

Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring

Question 8

Which of these would be an example of the free rider problem?

Answer 8

Utilizing a neighboring city’s public park

Question 9

The primary goal of interest groups, no matter their lobbying approach, is to ___________________

Answer 9

a. Form new political parties
b. Make money
c. Influence decision-makers and public policies
d. All of the above

Question 10

This hypothetical arrangement details a symbiotic relationship between interest groups, a congressional committee member or chair, and an agency within a bureaucracy

Answer 10

Iron Triangle

Question 11

This is when external events can help mobilize groups and potential members. An example would be the ban on bump stocks increasing membership in the NRA

Answer 11

Disturbance theory

Question 12

Which of these is a way in which lobbying is regulated by the federal government

Answer 12

a. Definitions on who can and cannot lobby
b. Prohibition on certain activities like providing gifts to lawmakers
c. Varying levels of disclosure about the amount of money spent on lobbying
d. All of the above

Question 13

Many believe that businesses and the wealthy are advantaged and that policies more often reflect their wishes than anyone else’s. This is known as the ____________ critique

Answer 13

elitist

Question 14

__________________ is the conviction that you can make a difference or that government cares about you and your views. Many have low levels of this, especially among those classified as poor

Answer 14

efficacy

Question 15

These political movements begin from the bottom up among a small number of people at the local level

Answer 15

Grassroots movements

Question 16

Interest groups represent both private and public interests. As it relates to private interests, they usually seek ___________________ from government that favor a certain special interest

Answer 16

Particularized benefits

Question 17

Since interest groups cannot target all 535 lawmakers in the House and Senate at once, they typically target which of these subcategories first

Answer 17

Lawmakers they think will consider introducing or sponsoring legislation

Question 18

This is someone who represents the interest organization before government, is usually compensated for doing so, and is required to register with the government in which he or she lobbies

Answer 18

Lobbyist

Question 19

The most significant change in interest groups over the last three or four decades in the United States is what, according to the text

Answer 19

The increase in both the number and type of groups

Question 20

This sort of interest group sees large companies join together in a common interest. An example would be the American Beverage Association, which includes Coca-Cola, Red Bull, and Kraft Foods

Answer 20

Associations

Question 21

groups of companies or institutions that organize around a common set of concerns, often within a given industry or trade

Answer 21

association

Question 22

a political movement that resembles a grassroots movement but is often supported or facilitated by wealthy interests and/or elites

Answer 22

astroturf movement

Question 23

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission was a 2010 Supreme Court case that granted corporations and unions the right to spend unlimited amounts of money on elections

Answer 23

Citizens United

Question 24

a good such as public safety or clean air, often produced by government, that is generally available to the population as a whole

Answer 24

collective good

Question 25

a lobbyist who works for a contract lobbying firm that represents clients before government

Answer 25

contract lobbyist

Question 26

the theory that an external event can lead to interest group mobilization

Answer 26

disturbance theory

Question 27

the belief that you make a difference and that government cares about you and your views

Answer 27

efficacy

Question 28

the proposition that wealthy and elite interests are advantaged over those without resources

Answer 28

elite critique

Question 29

the result when a large interest group develops diverging needs

Answer 29

fragmentation

Question 30

the situation that occurs when some individuals receive benefits (get a free ride) without helping to bear the cost

Answer 30

free rider problem

Question 31

a political movement that often begins from the bottom up, inspired by average citizens concerned about a given issue

Answer 31

grassroots movement

Question 32

an employee or executive within an organization who works as a lobbyist on behalf of the organization

Answer 32

in-house lobbyist

Question 33

the act of contacting and taking the organization’s message directly to lawmakers in an attempt to influence policy

Answer 33

inside lobbying

Question 34

three-way relationship among congressional committees, interests groups, and the bureaucracy

Answer 34

iron triangle

Question 35

a group of interest groups and people who work together to support a particular issue or policy

Answer 35

issue network

Question 36

a person employed by a governmental entity such as a local government, executive department, or university to represent the organization before the legislature

Answer 36

legislative liaison

Question 37

a person who represents an organization before government in an attempt to influence policy

Answer 37

lobbyist

Question 38

substantive monetary or physical benefits given to group members to help overcome collective action problems

Answer 38

material incentives

Question 39

an interest group that usually consists of dues-paying members who organize around a particular cause or issue

Answer 39

membership organization

Question 40

a person who suggests that all groups’ access and influence depend on the political environment

Answer 40

neopluralist

Question 41

the act of lobbying indirectly by taking the organization’s message to the public, often through the use of the media and/or by issue press releases, in hopes that the public will then put pressure on lawmakers

Answer 41

outside lobbying

Question 42

a benefit that generally accrues to a narrow segment of society

Answer 42

particularized benefit

Question 43

a person who believes many groups healthily compete for access to decision-makers

Answer 43

pluralist

Question 44

an interest group that seeks a public good, which is something that accrues to all

Answer 44

public interest group

Question 45

benefits to overcome collective action problems that appeal to people’s support of the issue or cause

Answer 45

purposive incentives

Question 46

laws that require a cooling-off period before government officials can register to lobby after leaving office

Answer 46

revolving door laws

Question 47

money that interests can spend on behalf of candidates without being restricted by federal law

Answer 47

soft money

Question 48

benefits based on the concept that people like to associate with those who are similar to them

Answer 48

solidary incentives

Question 49

sources—including fellow lawmakers, constituents, and interest groups—that lawmakers often use to help them decide how to vote, especially on unfamiliar issues

Answer 49

voting cues

Question 50

Someone who lobbies on behalf of a company that he or she works for as part of his or her job is________.

Answer 50

an in-house lobbyist

Question 51

How are collective goods different from private goods?

Answer 51

Collective goods offer broadly distributed benefits, while private goods offer particularized benefits

Question 52

Why might several competing corporations join together in an association?

Answer 52

a. because there is often strength in numbers
b. because they often have common issues that may affect an entire industry
c. because they can all benefit from governmental policies
d. all the above

Question 53

What benefits do private and public interests bring to society? What are some disadvantages of private and public interests?

Answer 53

They give access to both private and collective goods to citizens. Collective goods are often underfunded and underproduced, some private goods are unfairly distributed to the elites.

Question 54

What type of incentives appeal to someone’s concern about a cause?

Answer 54

purposive incentives

Question 55

Which of the following is the best example of a solidary benefit?

Answer 55

joining a group to be with others like you

Question 56

What changes have occurred in the lobbying environment over the past three or four decades?

Answer 56

a. There is more professional lobbying.
b. Many interests lobby both the national government and the states.
c. A fragmentation of interests has taken place.
d. all the above

Question 57

Which of the following is an aspect of iron triangles?

Answer 57

a symbiotic relationship among Congressional committees, executive agencies, and interest groups

Question 58

Which of the following is true of spending in politics?

a.The Supreme Court has yet to address the issue of money in politics

Answer 58

The Supreme Court has restricted spending on politics

Question 59

What is a difference between a PAC and a super PAC?

Answer 59

Conservative interests favor PACs over super PACs

Question 60

Revolving door laws are designed to do which of the following?

Answer 60

prevent lawmakers from utilizing their legislative relationships by becoming lobbyists immediately after leaving office

Question 61

In what ways are lobbyists regulated?

Answer 61

a. Certain activities are prohibited.
b. Contributions must be disclosed.
c. Lobbying is prohibited immediately after leaving office.
d. all the above