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Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

the process by which seats in the House of Representatives are distributed among the fifty states

A

apportionment

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2
Q

the political process that results from dividing a legislature into two separate assemblies

A

bicameralism

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3
Q

proposed legislation under consideration by a legislature

A

bill

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4
Q

a parliamentary process to end a debate in the Senate, as a measure against the filibuster; invoked when three-fifths of senators vote for the motion

A

cloture

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5
Q

the relationship between Congress and the United States as a whole, and whether the institution itself represents the American people

A

collective representation

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6
Q

a special type of joint committee that reconciles different bills passed in the House and Senate so a single bill results

A

conference committee

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7
Q

the body of voters, or constituents, represented by a particular politician

A

constituency

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8
Q

a model of representation in which representatives feel compelled to act on the specific stated wishes of their constituents

A

delegate model of representation

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9
Q

the extent to which a body of representatives represents the descriptive characteristics of their constituencies, such as class, race, ethnicity, and gender

A

descriptive representation

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10
Q

the powers given explicitly to the federal government by the Constitution to regulate certain things

A

enumerated powers

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11
Q

what are the enumerated powers?

A
  • interstate and foreign commerce
  • raise and support armies
  • declare war
  • coin money
  • conduct foreign affairs
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12
Q

a parliamentary maneuver used in the Senate to extend debate on a piece of legislation as long as possible, typically with the intended purpose of obstructing or killing it

A

filibuster

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13
Q

the powers not specifically detailed in the U.S. Constitution but inferred as necessary to achieve the objectives of the national government

A

implied powers

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14
Q

the powers neither enumerated nor implied but assumed to exist as a direct result of the country’s existence

A

inherent powers

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15
Q

a legislative committee consisting of members from both chambers that investigates certain topics but lacks bill referral authority

A

joint committee

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16
Q

the leader of the majority party in either the House or Senate; in the House

A

majority leader

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17
Q

who does the majority leader serve under in the house?

A

The Speaker of the House

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18
Q

what two roles does the majority leader have in the Senate?

A
  1. Functional leader

2. chief spokesperson for the majority party

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19
Q

the amending and voting process in a congressional committee

A

markup

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20
Q

the party member who directs the activities of the minority party on the floor of either the House or the Senate

A

minority leader

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21
Q

the right to review and monitor other bodies such as the executive branch

A

oversight

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22
Q

a model of representation in which members of Congress act as either trustee or delegate, based on rational political calculations about who is best served, the constituency or the nation

A

political model of representation

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23
Q

federal spending intended to benefit a particular district or set of constituents

A

pork-barrel politics

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24
Q

the senator who acts in the absence of the actual president of the Senate, who is also the vice president of the United States; the president pro tempore is usually the most senior senator of the majority party

A

president pro tempore

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25
an elected leader’s looking out for his or her constituents while carrying out the duties of the office
representation
26
a small legislative committee created to fulfill a specific purpose and then disbanded; also called an ad hoc, or special, committee
select committee
27
the presiding officer of the House of Representatives and the leader of the majority party
Speaker of the House
28
who is in second line of succession after the VP?
Speaker of the House
29
a permanent legislative committee that meets regularly
standing committee
30
a theory proposing that the surge of stimulation occurring during presidential elections subsides during midterm elections, accounting for the differences we observe in turnouts and results
surge-and-decline theory
31
a model of representation in which representatives feel at liberty to act in the way they believe is best for their constituents
trustee model of representation
32
in the House and in the Senate, a high leadership position whose primary duty is to enforce voting discipline in the chambers and conferences
whip
33
The Great Compromise successfully resolved differences between ________.
large and small states
34
While each state has two senators, members of the House are apportioned ________.
according to state populations
35
The process of redistricting can present problems for congressional representation because________.
districts are often drawn to benefit partisan groups
36
When did the constitutional convention take place?
1787
37
Who did not participate in the Const. Convention?
Rhode Island
38
Virginia proposed the ______ plan, NJ proposed the _______ plan
bicameral, unicameral
39
proposed a bicameral congress w. members apportioned differently in each house
the Great Compromise
40
upper house has how many reps per state?
2
41
House of Representatives has how many reps per state?
proportional to population size
42
the minimum age of congresspersons
25 years old
43
article 1 gave congress the power to:
1. levy taxes 2. borrow money 3. regulate commerce
44
Medieval England had similar bicameral system; consisted of
House of Commons and House of Lords
45
17th Amendment 1913 allowed senators to be elected by
popular vote of state
46
uses a mathematical formula to allocate seats based on U.S. Census Bureau population data (info gained every 10 years)
equal proportions method
47
House decided to permanently cap House members at how many people people and when
435, 1929
48
how were slaves counted?
3/5s rule
49
the manipulation of legislative district boundaries as a way of favoring a particular candidate
gerrymandering
50
districts in which the majority gained the electoral power to send representatives to Congress; some claimed it was gerrymandering
majority-minority districts
51
3 types of congressional powers
enumerated power, implied power, inherent power
52
states enumerated powers
1. levy/collect taxes 2. declare war 3. raise an army/navy 4. coin/borrow money 5. regulate commerce among the states and with foreign nations
53
Congress has "power over purse" aka
they control money
54
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Supreme Court declared power to declare laws unconstitutional
55
Franklin D Roosevelt's popularity as president (4 terms) was cause for 22nd amendment which
limited president's to 2 terms
56
what happened in the 1950's that essentially shut out Congress
troops were sent to war in Korea w/o a congressional war declaration
57
congressional resolution designed to limit the U.S. president's ability to initiate or escalate military actions abroad
War Powers Resolution
58
house member minimum time as u.s. citizen
7 years
59
house member age min.
25. years
60
house member term length
2 terms
61
house member term limit
no limit
62
senator member minimum time as u.s. citizen
9 years
63
senator age min.
30
64
senator term length
6 years
65
senator term limit
none
66
examples of stuff passed by house and shot down by senate (2 thingies)
1. Buffet Rule | 2. Obamacare (ACA)
67
political campaigns cost upwards of
1 million
68
Federal Election Commission (FEC); required candidates to
1. tell where money came from/where its going 2. limit individual contributions 3. provide for public financing of president campaigns
69
limited the use of “soft money,”
BRCA
70
money given directly to a candidate
hard money
71
led to removal of spending limits on corporations (2010)
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
72
more power, less regulations than traditional PAC
super PAC
73
elected officials who currently hold an office
incumbents
74
historical difficulty of unseating an incumbent in the House or Senate
incumbent advantage
75
who said that “All politics is local.”
Tip O'Neill
76
tension between local and nat. politics is
interpretation vs. representation
77
women's group formed in 1966
National Organization for Women
78
When was the the Congressional Black Caucus formed
1971
79
types of party members
Speaker of the House, floor leaders, whips
80
4 types of committees
1. standing 2. joint 3. conference 4. ad hoc, special, or select
81
advisor (typically a trained lawyer) who studied the rules of the chamber
parliamentarian
82
packaged bill
omnibus bill
83
a perversion of the cloture rules adopted to control the filibuster
modern filibuster

government (16 decks)

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