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government > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

the process by which seats in the House of Representatives are distributed among the fifty states

A

apportionment

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2
Q

the political process that results from dividing a legislature into two separate assemblies

A

bicameralism

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3
Q

proposed legislation under consideration by a legislature

A

bill

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4
Q

a parliamentary process to end a debate in the Senate, as a measure against the filibuster; invoked when three-fifths of senators vote for the motion

A

cloture

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5
Q

the relationship between Congress and the United States as a whole, and whether the institution itself represents the American people

A

collective representation

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6
Q

a special type of joint committee that reconciles different bills passed in the House and Senate so a single bill results

A

conference committee

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7
Q

the body of voters, or constituents, represented by a particular politician

A

constituency

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8
Q

a model of representation in which representatives feel compelled to act on the specific stated wishes of their constituents

A

delegate model of representation

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9
Q

the extent to which a body of representatives represents the descriptive characteristics of their constituencies, such as class, race, ethnicity, and gender

A

descriptive representation

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10
Q

the powers given explicitly to the federal government by the Constitution to regulate certain things

A

enumerated powers

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11
Q

what are the enumerated powers?

A
  • interstate and foreign commerce
  • raise and support armies
  • declare war
  • coin money
  • conduct foreign affairs
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12
Q

a parliamentary maneuver used in the Senate to extend debate on a piece of legislation as long as possible, typically with the intended purpose of obstructing or killing it

A

filibuster

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13
Q

the powers not specifically detailed in the U.S. Constitution but inferred as necessary to achieve the objectives of the national government

A

implied powers

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14
Q

the powers neither enumerated nor implied but assumed to exist as a direct result of the country’s existence

A

inherent powers

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15
Q

a legislative committee consisting of members from both chambers that investigates certain topics but lacks bill referral authority

A

joint committee

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16
Q

the leader of the majority party in either the House or Senate; in the House

A

majority leader

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17
Q

who does the majority leader serve under in the house?

A

The Speaker of the House

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18
Q

what two roles does the majority leader have in the Senate?

A
  1. Functional leader

2. chief spokesperson for the majority party

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19
Q

the amending and voting process in a congressional committee

A

markup

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20
Q

the party member who directs the activities of the minority party on the floor of either the House or the Senate

A

minority leader

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21
Q

the right to review and monitor other bodies such as the executive branch

A

oversight

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22
Q

a model of representation in which members of Congress act as either trustee or delegate, based on rational political calculations about who is best served, the constituency or the nation

A

political model of representation

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23
Q

federal spending intended to benefit a particular district or set of constituents

A

pork-barrel politics

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24
Q

the senator who acts in the absence of the actual president of the Senate, who is also the vice president of the United States; the president pro tempore is usually the most senior senator of the majority party

A

president pro tempore

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25
Q

an elected leader’s looking out for his or her constituents while carrying out the duties of the office

A

representation

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26
Q

a small legislative committee created to fulfill a specific purpose and then disbanded; also called an ad hoc, or special, committee

A

select committee

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27
Q

the presiding officer of the House of Representatives and the leader of the majority party

A

Speaker of the House

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28
Q

who is in second line of succession after the VP?

A

Speaker of the House

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29
Q

a permanent legislative committee that meets regularly

A

standing committee

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30
Q

a theory proposing that the surge of stimulation occurring during presidential elections subsides during midterm elections, accounting for the differences we observe in turnouts and results

A

surge-and-decline theory

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31
Q

a model of representation in which representatives feel at liberty to act in the way they believe is best for their constituents

A

trustee model of representation

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32
Q

in the House and in the Senate, a high leadership position whose primary duty is to enforce voting discipline in the chambers and conferences

A

whip

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33
Q

The Great Compromise successfully resolved differences between ________.

A

large and small states

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34
Q

While each state has two senators, members of the House are apportioned ________.

A

according to state populations

35
Q

The process of redistricting can present problems for congressional representation because________.

A

districts are often drawn to benefit partisan groups

36
Q

When did the constitutional convention take place?

A

1787

37
Q

Who did not participate in the Const. Convention?

A

Rhode Island

38
Q

Virginia proposed the ______ plan, NJ proposed the _______ plan

A

bicameral, unicameral

39
Q

proposed a bicameral congress w. members apportioned differently in each house

A

the Great Compromise

40
Q

upper house has how many reps per state?

A

2

41
Q

House of Representatives has how many reps per state?

A

proportional to population size

42
Q

the minimum age of congresspersons

A

25 years old

43
Q

article 1 gave congress the power to:

A
  1. levy taxes
  2. borrow money
  3. regulate commerce
44
Q

Medieval England had similar bicameral system; consisted of

A

House of Commons and House of Lords

45
Q

17th Amendment 1913 allowed senators to be elected by

A

popular vote of state

46
Q

uses a mathematical formula to allocate seats based on U.S. Census Bureau population data (info gained every 10 years)

A

equal proportions method

47
Q

House decided to permanently cap House members at how many people people and when

A

435, 1929

48
Q

how were slaves counted?

A

3/5s rule

49
Q

the manipulation of legislative district boundaries as a way of favoring a particular candidate

A

gerrymandering

50
Q

districts in which the majority gained the electoral power to send representatives to Congress; some claimed it was gerrymandering

A

majority-minority districts

51
Q

3 types of congressional powers

A

enumerated power, implied power, inherent power

52
Q

states enumerated powers

A
  1. levy/collect taxes
  2. declare war
  3. raise an army/navy
  4. coin/borrow money
  5. regulate commerce among the states and with foreign nations
53
Q

Congress has “power over purse” aka

A

they control money

54
Q

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

A

Supreme Court declared power to declare laws unconstitutional

55
Q

Franklin D Roosevelt’s popularity as president (4 terms) was cause for 22nd amendment which

A

limited president’s to 2 terms

56
Q

what happened in the 1950’s that essentially shut out Congress

A

troops were sent to war in Korea w/o a congressional war declaration

57
Q

congressional resolution designed to limit the U.S. president’s ability to initiate or escalate military actions abroad

A

War Powers Resolution

58
Q

house member minimum time as u.s. citizen

A

7 years

59
Q

house member age min.

A
  1. years
60
Q

house member term length

A

2 terms

61
Q

house member term limit

A

no limit

62
Q

senator member minimum time as u.s. citizen

A

9 years

63
Q

senator age min.

A

30

64
Q

senator term length

A

6 years

65
Q

senator term limit

A

none

66
Q

examples of stuff passed by house and shot down by senate (2 thingies)

A
  1. Buffet Rule

2. Obamacare (ACA)

67
Q

political campaigns cost upwards of

A

1 million

68
Q

Federal Election Commission (FEC); required candidates to

A
  1. tell where money came from/where its going
  2. limit individual contributions
  3. provide for public financing of president campaigns
69
Q

limited the use of “soft money,”

A

BRCA

70
Q

money given directly to a candidate

A

hard money

71
Q

led to removal of spending limits on corporations (2010)

A

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

72
Q

more power, less regulations than traditional PAC

A

super PAC

73
Q

elected officials who currently hold an office

A

incumbents

74
Q

historical difficulty of unseating an incumbent in the House or Senate

A

incumbent advantage

75
Q

who said that “All politics is local.”

A

Tip O’Neill

76
Q

tension between local and nat. politics is

A

interpretation vs. representation

77
Q

women’s group formed in 1966

A

National Organization for Women

78
Q

When was the the Congressional Black Caucus formed

A

1971

79
Q

types of party members

A

Speaker of the House, floor leaders, whips

80
Q

4 types of committees

A
  1. standing
  2. joint
  3. conference
  4. ad hoc, special, or select
81
Q

advisor (typically a trained lawyer) who studied the rules of the chamber

A

parliamentarian

82
Q

packaged bill

A

omnibus bill

83
Q

a perversion of the cloture rules adopted to control the filibuster

A

modern filibuster

government (16 decks)

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