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government > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

This is the cohesive list of issues and concerns that a party puts together to campaign upon

A

Party platform

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2
Q

When candidates run for office, they are most likely to choose _______ or _______ office first

A

Local; state

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3
Q

Candidates moving from one office to another very often have money available in their ________ because they are allowed to keep earlier donations according to FEC guidelines if they intend to run for office again

A

war chests

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4
Q

This Supreme Court ruling eliminated campaign spending limits on corporations, allowing them to place unlimited money into Independent Expenditure-Only Committees

A

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

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5
Q

This act of Congress protected the rights of minority voters by prohibiting state laws that denied voting rights based on race

A

Voting Rights Act of 1965

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6
Q

This important Congressional act restricted the amount of money given to political parties, which had become a way for companies and PACs to exert influence

A

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002

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7
Q

This important bill required states to allow citizens to register to vote when they sign up for their driver’s licenses and Social Security benefits. It’s commonly known as the “Motor Voter Act.”

A

National Voter Registration Act of 1993

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8
Q

Due to limits on campaign contributions, individuals may only contribute a maximum of ________ per candidate per election.

A

$2,700

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9
Q

Why do we see low national voter turnout for elections in America?

A

a. Some citizens are not allowed to vote
b. Participation is not mandated
c. Some don’t have voter IDs
d. All of the above

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10
Q

The belief that your vote is unlikely to make a difference or the election is not competitive, so you avoid voting at all is known as what?

A

Political apathy

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11
Q

These are organizations created to raise and spend money to influence politics and contribute to candidates’ campaigns

A

Political action committees

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12
Q

Under this sort of primary, only members of the political party selecting nominees may vote, while this primary allows all voters to vote

A

Closed primary; open primary

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13
Q

The first U.S. presidential candidate to truly inspire college-aged voters in modern politics was whom?

A

Barack Obama

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14
Q

The less time there is between elections, the lower the turnout. This is known as what?

A

Voter fatigue

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15
Q

The smallest subsection when it comes to calculating voter turnout is which of the following?

A

Registered voters

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16
Q

Generally speaking, to be eligible to register to vote in the United States, a person must be a citizen, resident, and ________ years old.

A

18

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17
Q

According to the text, this is a relatively consistent factor in predicting likelihood to vote.

A

a. Age
b. Race
c. Socioeconomic status
d. All of the above

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18
Q

States like Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Colorado and Iowa don’t use the classic primary structure for selecting nominees. Instead, they rely on this structure, in which nominees are selected informally

A

Caucus

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19
Q

With some citizens having difficulty juggling school, work, and childcare during voting hours, many states have tried to address this by instituting _________________

A

Early voting

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20
Q

This form of voter registration has been met with concerns about voter fraud and security

A

Online registration

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21
Q

What makes it easy for a citizen to register to vote?

A

National Voter Registration Act

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22
Q

What is a reason to make voter registration more difficult?

A

decrease election fraud

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23
Q

What unusual step did Oregon take to increase voter registration?

A

The state automatically registers all citizens over eighteen to vote

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24
Q

If you wanted to prove the United States is suffering from low voter turnout, a calculation based on which population would yield the lowest voter turnout rate?

A

voters who voted in the last election

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25
Q

What effect did the National Voter Registration Act have on voter registration?

A

Increased voter registration and turnout

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26
Q

If you wanted to prove the United States is suffering from low voter turnout, a calculation based on which population would yield the lowest voter turnout

A

Voting-age population

27
Q

What characterizes those most likely to vote in the next election?

A

over forty-five years old

28
Q

Why do Belgium, Turkey, and Australia have higher voter turnout rates than the United States?

A

compulsory voting laws

29
Q

Why does age affect whether a citizen will vote?

A

Because the older you are the more you tend to vote. It affects your issues that you have, example on retirement, insurance, etc, and you have time and interest to cause a change. Younger people are either too busy to vote, or they just don’t care and are screwing around in a bar somewhere.

30
Q

A state might hold a primary instead of a caucus because a primary is _______

A

faster and has higher turnout

31
Q

Where and when do Electoral College electors vote?

A

in their state capitol, in December

32
Q

In which type of election are you most likely to see coattail effects?

A

presidential

33
Q

If you wanted to prove the United States is suffering from low voter turnout, a calculation based on which population would yield the lowest voter turnout rate?

A

voters who voted in the last election

34
Q

Which factor is most likely to lead to the incumbency advantage for a candidate?

A

gerrymandering of the candidate’s district

35
Q

A referendum is not purely direct democracy because the ________.

A

government proposes something and the voters approve it

36
Q

Which of the following is not a step in the initiative process?

A

signature or veto by state governor

37
Q

the result when a voter stops voting for offices and initiatives at the bottom of a long ballot

A

ballot fatigue

38
Q

a form of candidate nomination that occurs in a town-hall style format rather than a day-long
election; usually reserved for presidential elections

A

caucus

39
Q

voters who belong to political parties that tend not to be competitive in national elections because they are too small to become a majority or because of the Electoral College system distribution in their state

A

chronic minority

40
Q

an election in which only voters registered with a party may vote for that party’s candidates

A

closed primary

41
Q

the result when a popular presidential candidate helps candidates from his or her party win their own elections

A

coattail effect

42
Q

party members who are chosen to represent a particular candidate at the party’s state- or national-level nominating convention

A

delegates

43
Q

the means by which electoral votes are divided between candidates based on who wins districts and/or the state

A

district system

44
Q

an accommodation that allows voting up to two weeks before Election Day

A

early voting

45
Q

the constitutionally created group of individuals, chosen by the states, with the responsibility of formally selecting the next U.S. president

A

Electoral College

46
Q

the advantage held by officeholders that allows them to often win reelection

A

incumbency advantage

47
Q

the current holder of a political office

A

incumbent

48
Q

law or constitutional amendment proposed and passed by the voters and subject to review by the state courts; also called a proposition

A

initiative

49
Q

the congressional elections that occur in the even-numbered years between presidential election years, in the middle of the president’s term

A

midterm elections

50
Q

an election in which any registered voter may vote in any party’s primary or caucus

A

open primary

51
Q

the set of issues important to the political party and the party delegates

A

platform

52
Q

organizations created to raise money for political campaigns and spend money to influence policy and politics

A

political action committees (PACs)

53
Q

the removal of a politician or government official by the voters

A

recall

54
Q

a yes or no vote by citizens on a law or candidate proposed by the state government

A

referendum

55
Q

the stipulation that citizen must live in a state for a determined period of time before a citizen can register to vote as a resident of that state

A

residency requirement

56
Q

a campaign run by political action committees and other organizations without the coordination of the candidate

A

shadow campaign

57
Q

the practice of voting only for candidates from the same party

A

straight-ticket voting

58
Q

officially known as Independent Expenditure-Only Committees; organizations that can fundraise and spend as they please to support or attack a candidate but not contribute directly to a candidate or strategize with a candidate’s campaign

A

super PACs

59
Q

a primary election in which the two candidates with the most votes, regardless of party, become the nominees for the general election

A

top-two primary

60
Q

the result when voters grow tired of voting and stay home from the polls

A

voter fatigue

61
Q

the number of citizens over eighteen

A

voting-age population

62
Q

the number of citizens eligible to vote

A

voting-eligible population

63
Q

all electoral votes for a state are given to the candidate who wins the most votes in that state

A

winner-take-all system

government (16 decks)

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