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government > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

those who did not support ratification of the Constitution

A

Anti-Federalists

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2
Q

the first basis for the new nation’s government; adopted in 1781; created an alliance of sovereign states held together by a weak central government

A

Articles of Confederation

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3
Q

a legislature with two houses, such as the U.S. Congress

A

Bicameral legislature

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4
Q

the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution; most were designed to protect fundamental rights and liberties

A

Bill of Rights

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5
Q

a system that allows one branch of government to limit the exercise of power by another branch; requires the different parts of government to work together

A

Checks and balances

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6
Q

a highly decentralized form of government; sovereign states form a union for purposes such as mutual defense

A

Confederation

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7
Q

the powers given explicitly to the federal government by the Constitution (Article I, Section 8); power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, raise and support armies, declare war, coin money, and conduct foreign affairs

A

Enumerated powers

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8
Q

a form of government in which power is divided between state governments and a national government

A

Federal system

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9
Q

those who supported ratification of the Constitution

A

Federalists

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10
Q

a compromise between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan that created a two house Congress; representation based on population in the House of Representatives and equal representation of states in the Senate

A

Great compromise

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11
Q

the right to life, liberty, and property; believed to be given by God; no government may take away

A

Natural rights

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12
Q

a plan that called for a one-house national legislature; each state would receive one vote

A

New Jersey Plan

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13
Q

a form of government in which political power rests in the hands of the people, not a monarch, and is exercised by elected representatives

A

Republic

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14
Q

any powers not prohibited by the Constitution or delegated to the national government; powers reserved to the states and denied to the federal government

A

Reserved powers

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15
Q

the sharing of powers among three separate branches of government

A

Separation of powers

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16
Q

an agreement between people and government in which citizens consent to be governed so long as the government protects their natural rights

A

Social contract

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17
Q

the statement in Article VI of the Constitution that federal law is superior to laws passed by state legislatures

A

Supremacy clause

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18
Q

a collection of eighty-five essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of ratification of the Constitution

A

The Federalist papers

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19
Q

a compromise between northern and southern states that called for counting of all a state’s free population and 60 percent of its slave population for both federal taxation and representation in Congress

A

Three-Fifths Compromise

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20
Q

a legislature with only one house, like the Confederation Congress or the legislature proposed by the New Jersey Plan

A

Unicameral legislature

21
Q

the power of the president to reject a law proposed by Congress

A

Veto

22
Q

a plan for a two-house legislature; representatives would be elected to the lower house based on each state’s population; representatives for the upper house would be chosen by the lower house

A

Virginia Plan

23
Q

British colonists in North America in the late seventeenth century were greatly influenced by the political thought of ________.

A

John Locke

24
Q

What actions by the British government convinced the colonists that they needed to declare their independence?

A

Americans believed all people (i.e., white males) possessed the rights to life, liberty, and property. The best way to protect these rights was by limiting the power of government and allowing people to govern themselves.

25
Q

What important power did the national government lack under the Articles of Confederation?

A

Couldn’t impose taxes

26
Q

In what ways did Shays’ Rebellion reveal the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

A

Shay’s rebellion created pressure because the government wasn’t strong enough to interfere and stop the rebellion so they needed to create a private army to stop it proving weaknesses in the government.

27
Q

According to the Great Compromise, how would representation in Congress be apportioned?

A

Representation in the House of Representatives would be based on each state’s population and every state would have two senators.

28
Q

How many amendments made to Constitution total?

A

27

29
Q

seventeenth-century English philosopher, believed that every individual deserved life, liberty, and property (aka natural rights)

A

John Locke

30
Q

a promise from King John to his subjects that he and future monarchs wouldn’t do actions that harmed, or could harm, the people of England

A

Magna Carta

31
Q

required most paper goods have revenue stamps placed on them

A

stamp act

32
Q

imposed taxes on many everyday objects such as glass, tea, and paint

A

townshend acts

33
Q

March 5, 1770, many injuries due to Brit soldiers shooting into crowd of colonists

A

Boston Massacre

34
Q

December 1773, Sons of Liberty dumped tea from Brit ship

A

Boston Tea Party

35
Q

Abolished town meetings, interfered with the colony’s ability to govern itself

A

Coercive Acts

36
Q

June 2, 1776; drafted by Thomas Jefferson

A

Declaration of Independence

37
Q

each state elected _________ to represent them in Congress

A

delegates

38
Q

1786, an uprising of Massachusetts farmers, led by Daniel Shays

A

Shay’s Rebellion

39
Q

Fifty-five delegates met in Philadelphia, May 1787, to create a new form of government

A

Constitutional Convention

40
Q

all people born in the state to enslaved mothers after the law’s passage would become indentured servants to be set free at age of 28

A

Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery in 1780

41
Q

consisted of 2 chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives

A

The Great Compromise

42
Q

when did delegates to Constitutional Convention in Philly voted to approve Constitution

A

September 17th, 1787

43
Q

essays that addressed a variety of issues that troubled citizens

A

The Federalist Papers

44
Q

When did Virginia est. House of Burgess?

A

1619

45
Q

__________ made colonists feel as if their liberties were being taken away

A

direct taxation

46
Q

date of declaration of independence

A

June 2nd, 1776

47
Q

Constitution consists of

A

preamble and seven articles

48
Q

Ratification split people into

A

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

government (16 decks)

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