Chapter 15

Question 1

The classic model of bureaucracy is the ______________, in which agencies are apolitical, hierarchically organized, and governed by formal procedures.

Answer 1

Weberian Model

Question 2

Originally only consisting of several departments, the bureaucracy expanded to the point that it reached __________ employees under President Johnson

Answer 2

2.2 million

Question 3

One of the first true proponents of a specialized public administration was President Woodrow Wilson. He explained that while politics do set tasks for administration, politics should be separated from administration. Which of these was not one of his three key means on doing so?

Answer 3

Developing a specialized system of checks and balances to ensure neutral competence

Question 4

The best-known form of governmental privatization efforts includes which of these?

Answer 4

Issuing government contracts to private companies

Question 5

This is the administrative group of non-elected officials charged with carrying out functions connected to a series of policies and programs

Answer 5

Bureaucracy

Question 6

These organizations, like the U.S. Postal Service, are quasi-business enterprises that not only generate profit, but provide a vital service to the government

Answer 6

government corporations

Question 7

The Pendleton Act created this important organization, which was charged with reducing the impact of politics on public administration and setting forth qualifications for its employees

Answer 7

Civil Service Commission

Question 8

This is both the implementation of public policy in government bureaucracies and the academic study that prepares civil servants for work in those organizations

Answer 8

Public administration

Question 9

This is the desire most people possess in varying degrees that drives us to seek fulfillment through doing good and contributing in an altruistic manner

Answer 9

Public service motivation

Question 10

Which of these was not an original bureaucratic department created under President Washington

Answer 10

Department of Defense

Question 11

In addition to cabinet departments, independent executive agencies report directly to the president. Which of these is not an example of an independent executive agency?

Answer 11

The Pentagon

Question 12

Political patronage eventually gave way to this system of bureaucratic control in 1883 under the Pendleton Act

Answer 12

Merit system

Question 13

The most powerful tool in bureaucratic oversight is this agency, which provides Congress, its committees, and heads of Executive agencies with auditing, evaluation, and investigate services

Answer 13

Government Accountability Office

Question 14

This branch of government is empowered to apply oversight of the federal bureaucracy because of its power to control funding, among other factors

Answer 14

Legislative Branch

Question 15

Early on, party politics saw political patronage doled out on the basis of party loyalty. This was known as what?

Answer 15

Spoils system

Question 16

There are currently ________ cabinet departments in the federal government

Answer 16

15

Question 17

These types of positions are closely regulated by Congress through the Office of Personnel Management to ensure they are filled in a fair way and that the best applicant gets the job

Answer 17

Competitive service positions

Question 18

According to the text, this is the name for the procedures and rules that must be followed to get something done. This is frequently criticized by civilians as needless

Answer 18

Red tape

Question 19

While the bureaucracy was originally very small, it was established in the U.S. Constitution, albeit indirectly. ____________________ provides the president with the power to appoint officers and department heads

Answer 19

Article II, Section 2

Question 20

This important act reduced the power of the bureaucracy by prohibiting bureaucrats from actively engaging in political campaigns and from using their federal authority via bureaucratic rank to influence the outcomes of nominations and elections

Answer 20

Hatch Act of 1939

Question 21

During George Washington’s administration, there were ________ cabinet positions.

Answer 21

4

Question 22

The “spoils system” allocated political appointments on the basis of ________.

Answer 22

Party loyalty

Question 23

Two recent periods of large-scale bureaucratic expansion were ________

Answer 23

the 1930s and the 1960s

Question 24

Briefly explain the underlying reason for the emergence of the spoils system

Answer 24

govt employment in which workers are hired on party loyalty

Question 25

The Civil Service Commission was created by the ________

Answer 25

Pendleton Act of 1883

Question 26

The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 created the Office of Personnel Management and the ________

Answer 26

Merit Systems Protection Board

Question 27

Briefly explain the benefits and drawbacks of a merit system

Answer 27

A benefit of the merit system is that it helps to ensure the most qualified applicants are given the position. A drawback is that the bureaucracy is less responsive to the will of elected leaders than under patronage

Question 28

Which describes the ideal bureaucracy according to Max Weber?

Answer 28

an apolitical, hierarchically organized agency

Question 29

Which of the following models of bureaucracy best accounts for the way bureaucracies tend to push Congress for more funding each year?

Answer 29

the acquisitive model

Question 30

An example of a government corporation is ________

Answer 30

Amtrak

Question 31

Briefly explain why government might create a government corporation

Answer 31

Congress tends to create government corporations to perform services that respond to market forces but are too important to the public to be allowed to fail

Question 32

The Freedom of Information Act of 1966 helps citizens exercise oversight over the bureaucracy by ________

Answer 32

opening government records to citizen scrutiny

Question 33

When reformers speak of bureaucratic privatization, they mean all the following processes except ________

Answer 33

whistleblowing

Question 34

an administrative group of nonelected officials charged with carrying out functions
connected to a series of policies and programs

Answer 34

bureaucracy

Question 35

the civil servants or political appointees who fill non elected positions in government and
make up the bureaucracy

Answer 35

bureaucrats

Question 36

the individuals who fill non elected positions in government and make up the bureaucracy;
also known as bureaucrats

Answer 36

civil servants

Question 37

a corporation that fulfills an important public interest and is therefore overseen
by government authorities to a much larger degree than private businesses

Answer 37

government coroporation

Question 38

a system of filling civil service positions by using competitive examinations to value
experience and competence over political loyalties

Answer 38

merit system

Question 39

a rulemaking process in which neutral advisors convene a committee of those
who have vested interests in the proposed rules and help the committee reach a consensus on them

Answer 39

negotiated rulemaking

Question 40

the use of government positions to reward individuals for their political support

Answer 40

patronage

Question 41

a chart that shows salary ranges for different levels of positions vertically and for different
ranks of seniority horizontally

Answer 41

pay schedule

Question 42

measures that incorporate the market forces of the private sector into the function of
government to varying degrees

Answer 42

privatization

Question 43

the implementation of public policy as well as the academic study that prepares
civil servants to work in government

Answer 43

public administration

Question 44

the mechanisms, procedures, and rules that must be followed to get something done

Answer 44

red tape

Question 45

a system that rewards political loyalties or party support during elections with
bureaucratic appointments after victory

Answer 45

spoils system

Question 46

a person who publicizes misdeeds committed within a bureaucracy or other organization

Answer 46

whistleblower