Chapter 15 Flashcards
The classic model of bureaucracy is the ______________, in which agencies are apolitical, hierarchically organized, and governed by formal procedures.
Weberian Model
Originally only consisting of several departments, the bureaucracy expanded to the point that it reached __________ employees under President Johnson
2.2 million
One of the first true proponents of a specialized public administration was President Woodrow Wilson. He explained that while politics do set tasks for administration, politics should be separated from administration. Which of these was not one of his three key means on doing so?
Developing a specialized system of checks and balances to ensure neutral competence
The best-known form of governmental privatization efforts includes which of these?
Issuing government contracts to private companies
This is the administrative group of non-elected officials charged with carrying out functions connected to a series of policies and programs
Bureaucracy
These organizations, like the U.S. Postal Service, are quasi-business enterprises that not only generate profit, but provide a vital service to the government
government corporations
The Pendleton Act created this important organization, which was charged with reducing the impact of politics on public administration and setting forth qualifications for its employees
Civil Service Commission
This is both the implementation of public policy in government bureaucracies and the academic study that prepares civil servants for work in those organizations
Public administration
This is the desire most people possess in varying degrees that drives us to seek fulfillment through doing good and contributing in an altruistic manner
Public service motivation
Which of these was not an original bureaucratic department created under President Washington
Department of Defense
In addition to cabinet departments, independent executive agencies report directly to the president. Which of these is not an example of an independent executive agency?
The Pentagon
Political patronage eventually gave way to this system of bureaucratic control in 1883 under the Pendleton Act
Merit system
The most powerful tool in bureaucratic oversight is this agency, which provides Congress, its committees, and heads of Executive agencies with auditing, evaluation, and investigate services
Government Accountability Office
This branch of government is empowered to apply oversight of the federal bureaucracy because of its power to control funding, among other factors
Legislative Branch
Early on, party politics saw political patronage doled out on the basis of party loyalty. This was known as what?
Spoils system
There are currently ________ cabinet departments in the federal government
15
These types of positions are closely regulated by Congress through the Office of Personnel Management to ensure they are filled in a fair way and that the best applicant gets the job
Competitive service positions
According to the text, this is the name for the procedures and rules that must be followed to get something done. This is frequently criticized by civilians as needless
Red tape
While the bureaucracy was originally very small, it was established in the U.S. Constitution, albeit indirectly. ____________________ provides the president with the power to appoint officers and department heads
Article II, Section 2
This important act reduced the power of the bureaucracy by prohibiting bureaucrats from actively engaging in political campaigns and from using their federal authority via bureaucratic rank to influence the outcomes of nominations and elections
Hatch Act of 1939
During George Washington’s administration, there were ________ cabinet positions.
4
The “spoils system” allocated political appointments on the basis of ________.
Party loyalty
Two recent periods of large-scale bureaucratic expansion were ________
the 1930s and the 1960s
Briefly explain the underlying reason for the emergence of the spoils system
govt employment in which workers are hired on party loyalty
The Civil Service Commission was created by the ________
Pendleton Act of 1883
The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 created the Office of Personnel Management and the ________
Merit Systems Protection Board
Briefly explain the benefits and drawbacks of a merit system
A benefit of the merit system is that it helps to ensure the most qualified applicants are given the position. A drawback is that the bureaucracy is less responsive to the will of elected leaders than under patronage
Which describes the ideal bureaucracy according to Max Weber?
an apolitical, hierarchically organized agency
Which of the following models of bureaucracy best accounts for the way bureaucracies tend to push Congress for more funding each year?
the acquisitive model
An example of a government corporation is ________
Amtrak
Briefly explain why government might create a government corporation
Congress tends to create government corporations to perform services that respond to market forces but are too important to the public to be allowed to fail
The Freedom of Information Act of 1966 helps citizens exercise oversight over the bureaucracy by ________
opening government records to citizen scrutiny
When reformers speak of bureaucratic privatization, they mean all the following processes except ________
whistleblowing
an administrative group of nonelected officials charged with carrying out functions
connected to a series of policies and programs
bureaucracy
the civil servants or political appointees who fill non elected positions in government and
make up the bureaucracy
bureaucrats
the individuals who fill non elected positions in government and make up the bureaucracy;
also known as bureaucrats
civil servants
a corporation that fulfills an important public interest and is therefore overseen
by government authorities to a much larger degree than private businesses
government coroporation
a system of filling civil service positions by using competitive examinations to value
experience and competence over political loyalties
merit system
a rulemaking process in which neutral advisors convene a committee of those
who have vested interests in the proposed rules and help the committee reach a consensus on them
negotiated rulemaking
the use of government positions to reward individuals for their political support
patronage
a chart that shows salary ranges for different levels of positions vertically and for different
ranks of seniority horizontally
pay schedule
measures that incorporate the market forces of the private sector into the function of
government to varying degrees
privatization
the implementation of public policy as well as the academic study that prepares
civil servants to work in government
public administration
the mechanisms, procedures, and rules that must be followed to get something done
red tape
a system that rewards political loyalties or party support during elections with
bureaucratic appointments after victory
spoils system
a person who publicizes misdeeds committed within a bureaucracy or other organization
whistleblower
