chapter 8 Flashcards
what is a bronchoscopy
medical procedure in which a bronchoscope is inserted through the nose or mouth, and through the throat to observe the lungs
what is chest physiotherapy
refers to several physical techniques utilized to improve lung function and respiratory muscles by draining lung secretions
what is holistic
treatment of the mind and body, comprising physical, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects
what is modality
a therapeutic agent utilized to treat a disorder, such as surgery or ultrasound
what is polysomnography
a sleep study or test that records brain waves, oxygen levels, heart rate, and breathing to study and diagnose sleep disorders
what is respiratory therapy
examine and treat individuals with breathing and cardiopulmonary disorders, for example, emphysema and asthma
what is spirometry
a medical procedure in which the patient breathes into a small machine (spirometer) to enable the doctor to assess the quantity of air inhaled, the quantity of air exhaled, and lung function
what does a PT do
assist those who have been injured or in pain from a disabling condition to recover and improve in activities of the daily living
who does a PT treat
low-back pain arthritis cerebral palsy broken bones torn rotator cuff spinal cord injuries
when did PT begin
began during World War 1 for rehabilitation of wounded U.S soldiers
what happens in 1917 for PT
surgeon general army established the reconstruction aids
- aides continued to work with veterans in the civilian sector or hospitals
what happened in 1921 for PT
reconstruction aids formed the American Women’s Physical Therapeutic Association or the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA)
what happened in 1940-1950-1960s for PT
demand for therapists increased to meet needs of servicemen and polio victims
- war resulted in physical therapist programs that people entered profession through federally-funded programs
- polio epidemics resulted in the national foundation for infantile paralysis- March of Dimes
in the 1960’s → polio disappeared after development of the Salk and Sabin vaccines
- physical therapy shifted to treatment of other conditions
- 1968 → congress authorized outpatient physical therapy services for medicare program which boosted physical therapy demand
describe the history of PT state licensing
state licensing began in 1910
- intensified during the 1950s
- end of decade → 45 states enacted license
- 1954 → APTA worked with the Professional Examination Service and developed a competency exam
describe the education requirements for a PT
master’s degree from physical therapy program but is moving towards a doctoral degree
who accredits PT programs? How long do they take
Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy (CAPTE)
- masters = 2-2.5 yr
- doctoral = 3 yr
Describe licensure for PT
need to pass NPTE or National Physical Therapy Examination
administered by
Federation of State boards of Physical Therapy (FSBPT)
describe certification for PT
by American Board of Physical therapy Specialists (ABPTS)
in
- cardiovascular and clinical electrophysiology
- geriatrics
- neurology
- orthopedics
- pediatrics
- sports
- women’s health
need 2000 hours of direct patient care
- 25% in past 3 years
- re certification needs 2000 per year
What are the work responsibilities of PT
review medical history physical tests to evaluate ability and condition development treatment plans manual therapy monitor progress
why is the PT occupation growing? (5)
- ease of service restrictions by insurers
- rising population of older adults
- need of trauma victims and infants with birth defects
- treatment of untreatable conditions
- the Individuals with disabilities Education Act
Who is the professional organization of physical therapy
APTA - American Physical Therapy Association
Briefly describe a physical therapy assistant
carries out treatment plan
work under physical therapist
why did PTA develop
expansion of physical therapy profession after WW2
what happened in 1950s? Why
regarding PTA
PTAs were officially trained
- as 1/3 of PTs spend time on tasks that PTAs could do
What was approved in 1967
regarding PTA
APTA formed a committee to develop a policy for PTAs
- CAPTE set program accreditation standards
When did PTA programs grow
1970 to 1990
what is the education requirement for PTA
associates degree from CAPTE accredited
How many hours of clinical experience do PTAs need for education
520 to 720
describe licensure, registration, or certification for PTA
most states require one of the three
- pass NPTE exam
- may pass state exam
- licensure through FSBPT
what are work responsibilities of PTA
carry out treatment plans assist patients massage tissue, use intervention, administer therapy measure height, weight, length, girth conduct gait and static training
Why is PTA growing
due to work in new facilities and outpatient care centers
What is the PTAs professional organization
the APTA
the National Assembly = own representative organization
What is an occupational therapist
regain, develop, and master everyday skills to function better
Who are an occupational therapists patients
injured ill stroke patients depressed alzheimer's disabilities (cerebral palsy)
Why were OTs formed
based on the idea that purposeful activity will improve physical and mental health
what is the foundation of OT
moral health
- a term that refers to mental illness in the 18th and 19th centuries
Who is George Edward Barton
disabled architect who opened up schools and workshops
- helped patients recover from injury and illness
What did Barton do in 1917
invited 5 people to form the ‘National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy’
- turned into the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA)
what did Barton define occupations to include (4)
crafts
vocational work
healthful habit
graded physical exercise
what can OTs specialize in
physical rehabilitation mental health pediatric practice gerontology mobility environmental modification feeding, eating, swallowing low vision
What happened in 1973 (OT)
Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Independent Living Movement
- allowed those with disabilities to move more readily into the real word
what happened in 2002 (OT)
AOTA adopted a practice framework putting occupation at core of practice
What was the AOTAs first action
U.S military hires 5000 construction aids for soldiers
- due to organized medicine and benefits of occupational therapy for patients
- 1935 = AMA accredits OT programs
What is the education requirement for OT
minimum of master’s degree
- may get doctoral degree
Who accredits OT programs
Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE)
Describe licensure and certification of OT
licensure is necessary
- renew every 3 years
- need 36 PDUs (professional dev. unit)
certification by NBCOT or National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy
- becomes OTR (Occupational Therapist Registered)
- renewed every 5 years
What are work responsibilities of OTs
screen individuals to determine need of therapy gather and analyze patient data administer tests develop intervention plan design, build, modify equipment evaluate workspace document progress write progress notes
why are OTs growing (2)
elderly population
medical advances enabling patients with critical problems to survive
what are the professional organizations of occupational therapists
AOTA
The American Occupational Therapy Foundation
- operates Pi Theta Epsilon (nhs for occupational therapy students)
what is an OTA
work under direction of OT
work directly with clients to carry out intervention plans
Describe the history of OTA
1950s = shortage of occupational therapists after WW2
1958 = AOTA established OTA programs
approximately 3 months long
what is the education of OTA
two years associates degree
describe certification of OTA
- optional cert. by passing NBCOT exam (National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy)
- earn COTA (certified occupational therapy assistant)
- reviewed every 5 years with
- 20,000 hours of experience
- 600 hours of providing services to
clients
describe licensure of OTA
renewed every 3 years
- need 36 PDUs
What are the work responsibilities of OTA
execute intervention plan
screen for visual perception and touch awareness
write progress notes and final summary
why are OTAs growing (2)
OTs need assistance
growing school age population and funding for education with those with disabilities
who is the professional organization of OTA
AOTA
american occupational therapy association
what is a respiratory therapist
treatment of patients with breathing and cardiopulmonary disorder
describe the 20th century (respiratory therapist)
- use oxygen to treat patients with cardiopulmonary disorders
what happened after ww2 for respiratory therapist
oxygen therapy becomes complex
- oxygen orderlies deliver oxygen therapy
what was the first respiratory therapy organizaiton
Inhalation Therapy Association
- renamed American Association for Respiratory Care (AARC)
what happened in 1954 for respiratory therapists
New York State Society of Anesthesiologists and Medical Society of the State of New York formed a joint committee
- set guidelines for inhalation therapy schools
describe the education of a respiratory therapist
associate’s degree
- masters and bachelor’s are recommended
Who accredits respiratory therapy programs
CoARC
Commission on Accreditation for respiratory Care
what special skill do respiratory therapists have
polysomnography
- sleep disorders
describe licensure for respiratory therapist
renewed 1-3 years
requires continuing education
licensing after certification from ‘National Board of Respiratory Care (NBRC)’
what are the four respiratory therapist credentials
describe renewal
certified respiratory therapist (CRT)
- take exam within 30 days of graduation
- certificate of completion
registered respiratory therapist (RRT)
- graduate form accredited advanced program
- certification of completion
- required for supervisory positions
neonatal/pediatric specialist (CRT-NPS or RRT-NPS)
- accredited program with sleep track
- practicing with 6 month CRT or 3 month RRT
must be renewed every 5 years
- complete 30 hours of CE
- pass exam
What are the work responsibilities of respiratory therapists
provide respiratory care for patients with lung and heart disorders
perform diagnostic tests and manage respiratory care
administer oxygen and aerosol medications
chest physiotherapy
check lung sounds
analyze oxygenation level of arterial blood and monitor arterial blood gas
what can respiratory therapists specialize in (7)
continuing and long-term care critical care diagnostics disease management home care pediatrics pulmonary rehabilitation
why are RT growing (3)
elderly population
advance in inhalable medications
treatment for new populations
What is the professional organization for RTs
American Association for Respiratory Care (AARC)
What is a massage therapist
uses manipulation of muscles and soft tissues to maintain and improve health
what are 3 statistics of massages
1 in 5 adults have 1 massage per year (at least)
1 in 4 individuals use massage for pain relief
69% of massage therapists receive referrals
why and where was massage therapy used
to heal and maintain and improve health
china, india, egypt
How did the Greeks use massage
athletes receive massages before and after competition
- bathing process
How did the Romans use massag
to treat sprains and dislocations-
- bathing process
Describe massage in the United States
gained population in the 1800s
- Dr.George H. Taylor incorporated it into natural approach to HC
- promoted swedish massage developed by Per Henrik Ling
What did Per Henrik Ling do
develop a system of exercise that included massage to promote health and treat joint/muscle problems
describe massage in the 19th and 20th centuries
19th = John Harvey Kellogg started health food movement
20th = massage declined due to scientific and tech. advances
- but 1927 = first professional organization for massage was founded
What happened in 1960s and 1970s for massage
regained popularity among athletes and members of counterculture movement
- for holistic method
where does massage come from (2)
indian ayurvedic massage
swedish masage
where are massage therapists profiled
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine of the National Institute of Health
What are the education requirements for massage therapist
formal training program with hands on practice and particular modalities
national certification exam + state exam
ceritifcation exam NCBTMB or National Certification Board for Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork
- renewed every 4 years
- 200 horus of work and 48 CE
Who accredits massage therapists
Commission on Massage Therapy Accreditation (COMTA)
- 500+ hour programs
what states do not regulate massage therapy
idaho
wyoming
who offers massage therapy licensure
Federation of State Massage Therapy Boards (FSMTB)
What are work responsibilities of massage therapist
press, rub, and manipulate tissues and muscles
use strokes of different directions, lengths, rates, rhythms, and pressure
draw deep on modalities
begin with interview and client history
Why are massage therapists growing (5)
more people learning about massage benefits
formation of more spas and franchises
companies adopted seated massage
elderly people
increased demand for massage among younger adults
Who are the professional organizations for massage thearpy
AMTA or American Massage Therapy Association
ABMP or Associated Bodyworks and Massage Professionals
