chapter 13 Flashcards
what is diversity characterized by
race national origin religion language physical size gender sexual orientation disability socioeconomic status occupational status geographic location
what beliefs are individuals influenced by
cultural
social
religious
personal convinctions
what is ethnocentrism
the belief that a particular social or cultural group is superior
what leads to or results in stereotypes? what are stereotypes?
prejudice
a mistaken perception rooted in strong feelings and a lack of knowledge
what three multi words describe the US
multicultural
multiethnic
multiracial
what is culture
a shared system of beliefs, values, and behavioral expectations that provide structure for daily living
what is culture rooted in and revealed in?
rooted in
- beliefs
- habits
- likes/dislikes
- customs
revealed in
- attitude
- institutions
what does culture influence
how people view themselves
expectations of people
response to certain situations
what should healthcare providers do to be respectful about culture
avoid making arguments
treat everyone with care and respect
be aware of and understand cultural differences
what is subculture
a group of people who are part of a larger culture but whose attitudes and behaviors exhibit distinct beliefs and values
based on occupational status, age, ethnicity, language
what is ethnicity
sense of identification with a group based on common heritage
- through birth or adoption of a groups characteristics
what characteristics do people of an ethnicity sahre
language and dialect religious practice literature folklore music politics food
what is race
based on specific physical characteristics
what is a minority group versus dominant group
minority –> physical and cultural characteristics that differ from a dominant group
dominant –> largest group that controls society values
what is cultural assimilation or acculturation
an individuals shift from minority to dominant group
-adopt values, attitudes, behaviors of a dominant culture
what 10 questions must a healthcare professional ask to understand culture shock
- to what cause does the patient attribute illness and disease
- what are the patients beliefs about body shape and size
- what name does the patient give their health condition
- what does the patient believes promotes health
- what is the patient’s religious affiliation
- does the patient reply on cultural healers
- in what types of cultural healing practices does the patient engage
- how does the patient and family perceive HC providers
- what comprises sick behavior
- how does the patient’s culture view mental disorders
what do physical characters evolve in a response to
environmental demand
name 4 diseases and their racial connection
tay-sachs
- genetic disorder that destroys nerve cells in brain and spinal cord
- develops inability to move
- individuals of Eastern European Jewish descent
keloids
- overgrowth of connective tissue that forms from healing from injury
- wound heals with rough and elevated scare
- people w. darker skin
lactase deficiency and lactose intolerance
- lactic ferments in the intestines
- hispanic women/african/chinese/thai
sickle cell anemia
- body makes sickle shaped red-blood cells that break down faster than normal red blood cells
- african/hispanic/carribean/south-west asian/latino/hispanic/NA/mediterranean
what must healthcare providers do regarding psychological characteristics
put aside their own opinions and look at circumstances from patient POV
what 3 steps should HC providers take to treat patients with cultural sensitivity
recognize importance of culture
respect patient’s right to respond to HC team
do not stereotype patient’s response to perception due to their culture
describe gender role for patients and healthcare workers
patients - males or females may be dominant members
- if dominant member is injured, there might be feelings of anxiety
hc provider
- know dominant family member
compare and contrast time orientation in american culture vs. others
western culture = time oriented
- south asian culture = late is sign of respect
western culture = future oriented
- others might be past or present oriented
what two questions should HC providers ask regarding food and nutrition
what foods are considered edible? which are not?
what items and types of food are considered meals?
what four factors account for differences among individuals
cultural influences
economics
age
religion
compare middle class families to impoverished families
middle class families = have resources for healthcare when needed
impoverished families = live shorter and experience more disability
- no access to healthcare
what is the impact of poverty on older Americans and families with single mothers
inadequate infant care poor preventive care poor diet homelessness no transportation
how does a lack of affordable housing impact healthcare
affect health of family members
lack of running water, heat, electricity
diminished sense of individuality = schizophrenia
easy transmission of disease
how must healthcare workers be sensitive to age
be sensitive to patient’s changing physical and emotional needs as they grow older
how must healthcare workers be sensitive to religion
be sensitive to values and beliefs
religious beliefs impact how a patient wishes to be treated by healthcare professionals
name some types of healthcare practice
modern conventional traditional complementary and alternative allopathic homeopathic folk
what three things are preferences for healthcare a result of
different types of care
lack of insurance
preferences for familial and personal care
what is folk medicine
a form of prevention and treatment that uses old fashioned remedies and household medicine handed down from generations
what is divine revelation
the power to heal is a “gift from god” only bestowed on certain people
why do patients accustomed to traditional medicine deem modern HC practitioners incompetent
not used to being asked a list of questions
- healers should know what is wrong
not used to lab testing and imaging
name four types of nontraditional healing methods
cutaneous stimulation
- stimulation of skin with massage ,vibration, heat, and cold to reduce intensity of pain
therapeutic touch
- healers use touch to transfer energy to patient to stimulate patient’s healing potential
acupuncture
- a therapy that prevents, diagnoses, and treats pain and disease through insertion of special needs in body
acupressure
- providers perform deep pressure massage to a certain point of the body
what is an herbs impact on healthcare today
a herb is a common method in all cultures
modern medicine is based on herbs and traditional substances
what is complementary and alternative medicine
type of medicine that promotes healing through nutrition, exercise, and relaxation
emphasis on prevention
