Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is the largest healthcare career
registered nursing
Describe the history of nursing
Ancient civilization
= women tended to families with physical care and herbal remedies
Christian period
= deaconesses made organized visists to sick people
= members of male religious order provide nursing care and buried the dead
Middle Ages
= People traveling on pilgrimages lacked access to care; hospitals build for pilgrims had male and female religious orders
16th Century
= women who committed crimes were nurses due to monasteries and convents closing
18th 19th century
= reform by Florence Nightingale
Who was Florence Nightingale
English nurse who trained nurses in turkey during the Crimean War
- wrote books about health care and nursing education
What happened after WW2 for Nursing
universities and colleges set up schools of nursing and based programs on educational objectives
developed and adopted national state licensing exam
What are the three types of nursing educational programs
diploma programs
associate’s degree programs
bachelor’s degree programs
How long do diploma programs take
3 years
describe diploma programs
were the main source of graduation until the 1960s
- have substantially decreased now
What do nursign diploma programs emphasize
clinical experience
direct patient care
what is an associate’s degree in nursing
ADN or associate’s degree in nursing
how long does an ADN take
2-3 years
what do ADN programs ephasize
working in various settings
technical skills
what is a bachelor’s degree in nursing
bachelor of science in nursing or BSN
how long do BSN programs take
4 years to take
1-1.5 year if accelerated
what do BSN programs emphasize
nursing at the upper level
What is one route of nursing further education
RN to BSN bridge program
= when a working RN with a diploma or associate’s degree completes bachelor degree
Accelerated Master’s degree programs
= awards BSN and MSN
What is an MSN
Master’s of science in nursing
What is the highest degree for registered nurses
doctoral degree
what is in-service education
on-site education for nurses
= teaches specific nursing skills for equipment or disease
why is in-service education important
may provide Continuing Education hours for licensure renewal
Describe licensure for registered nurses
must pass NCLEX-RN
- must be renewed periodically
- may require continuing education
Why is nursing certification good
earn an average of 9000 dollars more than non-certified nurses
What two organizations offer nursing certification
AACN (American Association of Critical-Care Nurses)
ANA (American Nurses Association)
Describe certification for AACN
renewed every 3 years
Described certification for ANA
renewed every 5 years
What is the primary responsibility of registered nurses
care and treatment of patients, often in a hospital
Describe the transfer of information for registered nurses
shift begins with reviewing day’s assignments and receiving report from nurses on the previous shift
What are the typical tasks of a registered nurse- 14
- administer medications
- perform tests and analyze results
- start and discontinue IVs
- care for wounds
- provide oxygen
- take vital signs
- administer a tube feeding
- insert a catheter
- suction airways
- prepare a sterile field
- pre and postoperative care
- assist with range of motion exercises
- administer a blood transfusion
- give a bed bath
What are registered nurses best described as
patient advocates
- represent patient’s interests or guiding patients in protecting their own rights
What 3 things do RNs teach patients
medical problems
how to care for themselves
improve health
What can registered nurses specialize in
particular setting
certain health conditions
specific organ and body systems
well-defined populations
non-patient specialties
combination of multiple specialties
What do most registered nurses work as
staff nurses, as part of the health care team
What are advanced practice nurses
have more extensive education and training
broader set of responsibilities
what are three reasons for the growth of RNs
improvement in medical technology that makes more health problems treatable
increased emphasis on preventive care
growth of the elderly population
What is the professional organiztio nfor Rns
ANA
American Nurses Association
Who is directly under an RN
licensed practical nurse (LPN) or licensed vocational nurses (LVN) in texas and california
What happened in 1892 for LPN
first formal training program was established
- through the YWCA (Young Women’s Christian Association)
- 3 month program to develop skills for home care of children and family members
How many LPN schools existed by 1940
11
Why did LPNs grow during and after WW2
shortage of registered nurses
-thus increasing funding for LPN
What happened in 1941 (LPN)
Association of Practical Nurse Schools
- changed to NAPNES
national association for practical nurse education and service
Who accredits LPN programs
NLN or National League for Nursing
Who offered the first certification exam for LPN
National Council of State Boards in Nursing
with
NAPNES
What is the education requirement for LPNs
practical or vocational nursing programs that teach bedside nursing care
need high school diploma or equivalent
what types of classes are in a LPN program
classroom study
supervised clinical practice
Describe licensure for LPN
- graduate from accredited program
- NCLEX-PN
- usually need continuing education hours for renewal
How long is an LPN program
about one year (usually)
What are the typical tasks of license practical nurses
- take vital signs
- change dressings
- record food and fluid intake/output
- help patients ambulate
- give a blanket bath
- treat bedsores
- administer medicines
- draw blood
- give IV therapy
- preop and postop care
Where are LPNs growing
home health care services
- due to old people
nursing care facilities
- old people and discharged hospital patients with short-term care
what are the two professional organizations for LPN
NAPNES
NFLPN (National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses)
What can LPNs get certification in
NAPNES
- pharmacology
- long term care
NFLPN
- IV therapy
- gerontology
Who is below an LPN
CNA or certified nursing assistants
what do CNAs do
perform basic nursing functions and care for patients PERSONAL needs
What are alternative names for CNAs
certified nurs e assistant
nursing assistant
nursing aid
Why did CNAs arise
originally for student nurses, as education for nurses improved, aids were trained instead
What did Congress ask the US. Institute of Medicine? Why?
to study how to better regulate quality of care in nursing homes certified by Medicare and Medicaid
due to the less than optimal care that was gave to patients by CNAS because they were not trained in healthcare
What did the U.S institute of Medicines recommendations become part of
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) of 1987
- requires formal training for nursing assistants and certification
What are the educational requirements of a CNA
complete state approved training program + pass competency task
How long is a state approved training program
minimum of 75 hours
What is the competency test an assessment of
write and practical portions
What must CNAs do to remain certified
minimum of 12 hours of in-serice education
What do CNAs do?
- feed patients and measure/record food intake and output
- bathe patients
- help patients dress
- turn and reposition patients
- move transport patients
- apply dressings
- collect specimens
- supervise patients during exercise
- clean rooms
where do CNAs have the most contact with patients
nursing care facilities
What group are CNAS part of
nursing aids, orderlies, and attendants
Why are CNAS growing
growth of older population and their need for long-term care
earlier discharge of patients from hospital for cost control
technology
