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Dynamics of Health Care > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest healthcare career

A

registered nursing

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2
Q

Describe the history of nursing

A

Ancient civilization
= women tended to families with physical care and herbal remedies

Christian period
= deaconesses made organized visists to sick people
= members of male religious order provide nursing care and buried the dead

Middle Ages
= People traveling on pilgrimages lacked access to care; hospitals build for pilgrims had male and female religious orders

16th Century
= women who committed crimes were nurses due to monasteries and convents closing

18th 19th century
= reform by Florence Nightingale

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3
Q

Who was Florence Nightingale

A

English nurse who trained nurses in turkey during the Crimean War
- wrote books about health care and nursing education

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4
Q

What happened after WW2 for Nursing

A

universities and colleges set up schools of nursing and based programs on educational objectives

developed and adopted national state licensing exam

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5
Q

What are the three types of nursing educational programs

A

diploma programs
associate’s degree programs
bachelor’s degree programs

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6
Q

How long do diploma programs take

A

3 years

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7
Q

describe diploma programs

A

were the main source of graduation until the 1960s

- have substantially decreased now

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8
Q

What do nursign diploma programs emphasize

A

clinical experience

direct patient care

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9
Q

what is an associate’s degree in nursing

A

ADN or associate’s degree in nursing

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10
Q

how long does an ADN take

A

2-3 years

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11
Q

what do ADN programs ephasize

A

working in various settings

technical skills

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12
Q

what is a bachelor’s degree in nursing

A

bachelor of science in nursing or BSN

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13
Q

how long do BSN programs take

A

4 years to take

1-1.5 year if accelerated

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14
Q

what do BSN programs emphasize

A

nursing at the upper level

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15
Q

What is one route of nursing further education

A

RN to BSN bridge program
= when a working RN with a diploma or associate’s degree completes bachelor degree

Accelerated Master’s degree programs
= awards BSN and MSN

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16
Q

What is an MSN

A

Master’s of science in nursing

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17
Q

What is the highest degree for registered nurses

A

doctoral degree

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18
Q

what is in-service education

A

on-site education for nurses

= teaches specific nursing skills for equipment or disease

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19
Q

why is in-service education important

A

may provide Continuing Education hours for licensure renewal

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20
Q

Describe licensure for registered nurses

A

must pass NCLEX-RN

  • must be renewed periodically
  • may require continuing education
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21
Q

Why is nursing certification good

A

earn an average of 9000 dollars more than non-certified nurses

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22
Q

What two organizations offer nursing certification

A

AACN (American Association of Critical-Care Nurses)

ANA (American Nurses Association)

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23
Q

Describe certification for AACN

A

renewed every 3 years

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24
Q

Described certification for ANA

A

renewed every 5 years

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25
Q

What is the primary responsibility of registered nurses

A

care and treatment of patients, often in a hospital

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26
Q

Describe the transfer of information for registered nurses

A

shift begins with reviewing day’s assignments and receiving report from nurses on the previous shift

27
Q

What are the typical tasks of a registered nurse- 14

A
  1. administer medications
  2. perform tests and analyze results
  3. start and discontinue IVs
  4. care for wounds
  5. provide oxygen
  6. take vital signs
  7. administer a tube feeding
  8. insert a catheter
  9. suction airways
  10. prepare a sterile field
  11. pre and postoperative care
  12. assist with range of motion exercises
  13. administer a blood transfusion
  14. give a bed bath
28
Q

What are registered nurses best described as

A

patient advocates

- represent patient’s interests or guiding patients in protecting their own rights

29
Q

What 3 things do RNs teach patients

A

medical problems
how to care for themselves
improve health

30
Q

What can registered nurses specialize in

A

particular setting
certain health conditions
specific organ and body systems
well-defined populations

non-patient specialties

combination of multiple specialties

31
Q

What do most registered nurses work as

A

staff nurses, as part of the health care team

32
Q

What are advanced practice nurses

A

have more extensive education and training

broader set of responsibilities

33
Q

what are three reasons for the growth of RNs

A

improvement in medical technology that makes more health problems treatable

increased emphasis on preventive care

growth of the elderly population

34
Q

What is the professional organiztio nfor Rns

A

ANA

American Nurses Association

35
Q

Who is directly under an RN

A

licensed practical nurse (LPN) or licensed vocational nurses (LVN) in texas and california

36
Q

What happened in 1892 for LPN

A

first formal training program was established

  • through the YWCA (Young Women’s Christian Association)
  • 3 month program to develop skills for home care of children and family members
37
Q

How many LPN schools existed by 1940

A

11

38
Q

Why did LPNs grow during and after WW2

A

shortage of registered nurses

-thus increasing funding for LPN

39
Q

What happened in 1941 (LPN)

A

Association of Practical Nurse Schools
- changed to NAPNES

national association for practical nurse education and service

40
Q

Who accredits LPN programs

A

NLN or National League for Nursing

41
Q

Who offered the first certification exam for LPN

A

National Council of State Boards in Nursing
with
NAPNES

42
Q

What is the education requirement for LPNs

A

practical or vocational nursing programs that teach bedside nursing care

need high school diploma or equivalent

43
Q

what types of classes are in a LPN program

A

classroom study

supervised clinical practice

44
Q

Describe licensure for LPN

A
  • graduate from accredited program
  • NCLEX-PN
  • usually need continuing education hours for renewal
45
Q

How long is an LPN program

A

about one year (usually)

46
Q

What are the typical tasks of license practical nurses

A
  1. take vital signs
  2. change dressings
  3. record food and fluid intake/output
  4. help patients ambulate
  5. give a blanket bath
  6. treat bedsores
  7. administer medicines
  8. draw blood
  9. give IV therapy
  10. preop and postop care
47
Q

Where are LPNs growing

A

home health care services
- due to old people

nursing care facilities
- old people and discharged hospital patients with short-term care

48
Q

what are the two professional organizations for LPN

A

NAPNES

NFLPN (National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses)

49
Q

What can LPNs get certification in

A

NAPNES

  • pharmacology
  • long term care

NFLPN

  • IV therapy
  • gerontology
50
Q

Who is below an LPN

A

CNA or certified nursing assistants

51
Q

what do CNAs do

A

perform basic nursing functions and care for patients PERSONAL needs

52
Q

What are alternative names for CNAs

A

certified nurs e assistant
nursing assistant
nursing aid

53
Q

Why did CNAs arise

A

originally for student nurses, as education for nurses improved, aids were trained instead

54
Q

What did Congress ask the US. Institute of Medicine? Why?

A

to study how to better regulate quality of care in nursing homes certified by Medicare and Medicaid

due to the less than optimal care that was gave to patients by CNAS because they were not trained in healthcare

55
Q

What did the U.S institute of Medicines recommendations become part of

A

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) of 1987

  • requires formal training for nursing assistants and certification
56
Q

What are the educational requirements of a CNA

A

complete state approved training program + pass competency task

57
Q

How long is a state approved training program

A

minimum of 75 hours

58
Q

What is the competency test an assessment of

A

write and practical portions

59
Q

What must CNAs do to remain certified

A

minimum of 12 hours of in-serice education

60
Q

What do CNAs do?

A
  1. feed patients and measure/record food intake and output
  2. bathe patients
  3. help patients dress
  4. turn and reposition patients
  5. move transport patients
  6. apply dressings
  7. collect specimens
  8. supervise patients during exercise
  9. clean rooms
61
Q

where do CNAs have the most contact with patients

A

nursing care facilities

62
Q

What group are CNAS part of

A

nursing aids, orderlies, and attendants

63
Q

Why are CNAS growing

A

growth of older population and their need for long-term care

earlier discharge of patients from hospital for cost control

technology

Dynamics of Health Care (21 decks)

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