chapter 5 Flashcards
What shows that people understood the need to keep their teeth clean?
- toothbrushes made from twigs
- Etruscan (people of ancient Italy and Corsica) fashioned crowns and bridges
What are crowns
caps for broken or weak teeth
What are bridges
artificial teeth or crowns attached to adjoining teeth
Who was the earliest dentist
Egyptian Hesi-Re
- died about 2600 B.C
What was the Romans view of dentistry
great believers in oral hygiene
- used tooth-cleaning powders and fancy toothpicks in between courses
What 3 cultures performed dentistry as part of medical duties
rome
india
islam
Who provided dental care in Europe
monks
- barbers who visited monks became surgical assistants
When did barbers become dentists
The Catholic Church forbade monks from providing medical and dental care in Rome
- Barber Surgeons
What lead to the recognition of dentistry as a separate area of science
renewed interest in human anatomy and surgery during the renaissance
Who performed extractions in colonial america
tooth-drawers
surgeon dentists
barbers
blacksmiths
What did paul revere
identification of the corpse of Dr.Joseph Warren based on the tooth bridge he made for him
what happened in 1840 in colonial America (dentist)
first dental college was established in Baltimore
- first national organization of dentists formed
- increase of publication in dnetal literature
What professional journal for dentists was created in 1840
American Journal of Dental Science
what happened in 1859 for dnetists
26 dentists meet in Niagara Falls, N.
- formed American Dental Association (ADA)
what important change happened in the 20th century for dentists
professional standards
- ADA tightened state laws
- 1926 landmark report on dental education highlighted problems in some dental schools
What happened in 1928 for dentists
ADA formed National Board of Dental Examiners
What happens in 1933 for dentists
first National board dental examinations were given
- dental specialties were established
- dental tech advanced
what are the two requirements for dental school admission
- at least two years of undergraduate
- DAT (dental admission test)
what do students do in the first 2 years of dental school
learn basic principles of diagnosing and treating tooth and gum disease
- practice on models or manikins
treat patients in the second year
what do students in the last 2 years of dental school
treat patients under the supervision of licensed dentists
- work in other settings
take classes useful in managing dental practice
what two degrees can dentistshave
D.D.S = doctor of dental surgery D.M.D = doctor of dental medicine
how are dentists licensed
take National Board Dental Examination
- renewal 1-3 ears
- continuing education
how many things can a dentist specialize in
9
Name 10 tasks of a dnetist
examine patient's teeth, gums, mouth interpret x-ray formulate plan of treatment administer anesthetic fill cavity, give dentures apply crown root canal extract tooth apply braces insert dental implant
name and describe the 9 dental specialities
orthodontics
- straighten teeth with braces and retainers
oral and maxillofacial surgery
- surgery on mouth and jaws
pediatric dentistry
- dental treatment of children
periodontics
- care of gums and bones supporting teeth
prosthodontics
- replacement of broken parts of teeth or missing teeth with crowns, bridges, dentures
endodontics
- treatment of interior of tooth (root canal)
dental public health
- promotion of oral health and disease prevention
oral and maxillofacial pathology
- diagnosis and treatment of oral disease
oral and maxillofacial radiology
- use of imaging to diagnose head and neck disease
what is the largest dental specialty
orthodontics
what is a root canal
pulp filled cavity in root of the tooth
what is a pocket
a space between an inflamed gum and surface of the tooth
what does a probe do
assess and measure pockets
where is a pocke tmeasured from
the gingival margin
- border of gum that surrounds but is not attached to the tooth attached to periodontal tissue
what are the four reasons for increased demand
population growth
preventive care for younger people
increased dental coverage among private insurance companies
rising popularity of cosmetic dental services
describe specialty distribution fro dentists
5% are orthodontists
5% are oral maxillofacial surgeons
rest are other specialties
what is the national professional organization for dentists
ADA
who accredits dental programs
Commission on Dental Accreditation
who do most patients see first during a dental checkup
dental hygienist
what does the history of dental hygienists show
people understood that there was a connection between caring for their teeth and preventing dental disease
what happened in 1890 (dental hygienists)
publication of Microorganisms of the Human Mouth
- by Willoughby D.Miller
- described basic theoretical understanding of dental decay
What did Miller’s book show
preventive dentistry
- the focus on preventing dental disease through professional cleaning and polishing of teeth
who is alfred c. fones
coin the term dental hygienist
father of dental hygiene
what is prophylaxis
professional cleaning and polishing
what did Fones do in 1913
open the first oral hygiene school
- Bridgeport Board of education
what happened in 1916 (dental hygienist)
started first university-based hygienist program
- licensed dental hygienists in 1917
what did dental hygienists do in 1923
form the national association for dental hygienists, the AHDA (american dental hygienists association)
what happened in 1951 for dental hygienists
licensure was mandatory
what happened in 1947 for dental hygienists
ADHA and ADA established accreditation standards for dental hygiene program
accreditation began in 1952
what happened in 1962 for dental hygienists
first National Board Examination for Dental Hygienists
what are the entrance requirements for accredited dental hygienist programs
high school diploma or equivalent
pertinent high school courses
college entrance exam
what 3 areas do dental hygienists take classes in
basic sciences
dental sciences
dental hygiene sciences
+ 650 hours of supervised clinical work
how do you obtain licensure as a dental hygienist
graduation from accredited program
pass written exam
- national exam administered by the ADA’s Joint Commission on National Dental Examination (JCNDE)
pass clinical exam
- through state or regional testing agencies
additional exam on legal issues related to hygiene practice
renewal 1-5 years depending on the state
describe Alabama’s difference for dental hygienists
does not require written examination for licensure
- candidates must take courses, be trained on the job, and pass a different written exam
Describe Indiana’s difference for dental hygienists
call dental hygienists
RDHs (registered dental hygienist)
LDHs (licensed dental hygienist)
what are the 10 typical tasks of a dental hygienist
1.remove plaque, calculus, and stains
2. take and process x-rays
3. apply cavity-preventive agents
4. use periodontal probe
5. apply topical flouride
6. apply a light-cured sealant
7. make maxilllary preliminary impression
8 apply rubber dam
9. finish and polish amalgam restoration
10. place stainless steel crown
what is a rubber dam
a piece of latex that isolates a tooth for work while protecting the surrounding teeth
what is a amalgam restoration
mercury and silver alloy filling
describe a dental hygienists ranking
rank first among all occupations for employment growth
why are dental hygienists increases
expanding population
elderly population
preventive care
what is the professional organization for dental hygienists
ADHA
- three tier structure of local, state, and national groups/associations
what is the specific organization within the AHDA for dental hygienists
Institute for oral Health
who founded dental assisting
Dr.C Edmund Kells
- new orleans dentist
what did Dr.Kells do
first person in the US to take dental xrays
invented the aspirator
what is the aspirator
device for removing fluid and other materials
what did Dr.Kells do in 1855
hired a female assistant to make females more comfortable in entering the office alone
What was the most important function of dental assistants
chairside assistant
- working closely with dentist as he/she performs procedure
Who was one of the earliest dental assistants
Juliette Southard
-hired by Dr.Henry Fowler in 1021
What did Juliette Southard do
found the- Education and Efficiency Society - eventually the ADAA
what did the ADAA do in 1930
and in 1944
1930 = formed committee to develop educational guidelines and training courses
1944 = created committee to develop standards and competency exam
what was adopted in 1946 (DA)
140 hour training course
what happened in 1948 *(DA)
ADAA established certifying board
- Dental Assisting National Board (DANB)
who accredits DA programs
commission on dental accreditation
describe the education of a DA
may be trained on the job
- dental assisting programs USUALLY
what are the two parts of a DA program
classwork and classroom subjects
clinical practice with dentist
describe credentials of a DA
most states must be licensed or registered for advanced tasks
what are advanced tasks of a DA called
expanded functions
describe certification for a DA
certified dental assistant (CDA)
certified orthodontic assistant (COA)
specialty
- radiation health
- safety and infection control
what are the typical tasks of a DA
- open the office
- prepare dental treatment room
- set up instrument trays
- seat patient
- take and dev. x-rays
- hand instrument to dentist
- instruct patient in oral hygiene
- clean and polish removable appliances
- complete health history records
- prepare bank deposits
why are DA increasing
preventive care
cosmetics
elderly population
what is the professional organization for DA
ADAA
- DANB
