Chapter 7.3 Cell Transport

Question 1

What is Passive Transport?

Answer 1

the movement of materials across the cell membrane without using cellular energy

Question 2

What is Active Transport?

Answer 2

the movement of materials against a concentration difference (which requires cellular energy).

Usually conducted by protein ion pumps found in membrane to mediate moving ions in or out allowing for cells to concentrate substances in a particular location. Bulk transport of larger materials can be done by endocytosis or exocytosis.

Question 3

What is Diffusion?

Answer 3

the process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration. (Passive transport)

Question 4

What is Facilitated Diffusion?

Answer 4

the process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration through special protein channels found the cell membrane (Passive Transport or specific material). An example is Osmosis through aquaporins.

Question 5

What are Aquaporins?

Answer 5

water channels in a cell membrane that allow for the diffusion of water (osmosis)

Question 6

What is Osmosis?

Answer 6

the diffusion of water through selectively permeable membranes

Question 7

What is an Isotonic solution?

Answer 7

(“Iso” = equal) (“tonic” = strength) a solution that has the same concentration of solute as the other solution

Question 8

What is a Hypertonic solution?

Answer 8

(“Hyper” = above) (“tonic” = strength) a solution that has a greater concentration of solute than the other solution

Question 9

What is a Hypotonic solution?

Answer 9

(“Hypo” = below) (“tonic” = strength) a solution that has a lower concentration of solute than the other solution

Question 10

What is Osmotic Pressure?

Answer 10

the force that is produced from the net movement of water out of or into a cell which is driven by differences in solute concentration

Question 11

What is Endocytosis?

Answer 11

(“Endo” = within) (“cyt” = cell) (“osis” = condition) process of taking material into the cell by infolding the membrane (active transport method)

Question 12

What is Exocytosis?

Answer 12

(“Exo” = outside) (“cyt” = cell) (“osis” = condition) process of releasing large amounts of materials by outfolding a membrane (active transport method)

Question 13

What is Phagocytosis?

Answer 13

(“Phage” = to eat) (“cyt” = cell) (“osis” = condition) type of endocytosis which extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole, then engulfs it.

White blood cells use this method to “eat” damaged cells.

Question 14

What is Pinocytosis?

Answer 14

(cell drinking) type of endocystosis where cells take up liquid from the surrounding environment.