Chapter 13.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

How does RNA differ from DNA?

A

3 differences: 1) the sugar in RNA is ribose, the sugar in DNA is deoxyribose 2) RNA is generally single-stranded, DNA is double-stranded 3) RNA contains uracil (U) as a nucleotide, DNA instead has thymine (T) as a nucleotide

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2
Q

How does the cell make RNA?

A

In transcription, segments of DNA serve as templates to produce complementary RNA molecules

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3
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) is a long chain of nucleotides that are single stranded that are copies of DNA segments

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4
Q

Messenger RNA

A

mRNA carries information from DNA to other parts of the cell

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5
Q

Ribosomal RNA

A

rRNA forms an important part of both subunits of the ribosome

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6
Q

Transfer RNA

A

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message

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7
Q

Transcription

A

Process of making RNA copies of DNA

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8
Q

RNA Polymerase

A

Enzyme required in Transcription that binds to DNA to separate out the DNA strands so that RNA can pair with the DNA in a complimentary fashion (makes exact copy of DNA)

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9
Q

Promoters

A

Regions of DNA that have specific base sequences where RNA polymerase will bind to begin the process of transciption

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10
Q

Introns

A

portions of RNA that is cut out and discarded (they go “in” the trash)

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11
Q

Exons

A

The important parts of RNA that is put back together to form the final strand of mRNA. (the parts that get “ex”pressed)

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