Chapter 16.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Biogeography

A

study of where organisms live now and where they and their ancestors lived in the past.

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2
Q

How does the geographic distribution of species today relate to their evolutionary history?

A

Patterns in the distribution of living and fossil species tell us how modern organisms evolved from their ancestors

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3
Q

How do fossils help to document the descent of modern species from ancient ancestors?

A

Many recenty discovered fossils form series that trace the evolution of modern species from extinct ancestors

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4
Q

What do homologous structures and similarities in embryonic development suggest about the process of evolutionary change?

A

Homologous Structures = structures that are shared by related species and have been inherited from a common ancestor.

These adapted to different purposes as the result of descent with modification from a common ancestor.

Similar patterns in embryonic development provide further evidence that organisms have descended from a common ancestor.

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5
Q

How can molecular biology be used to trace the process of evolution?

A

At the molecular level, the universal genetic code and homologous molecules provide evidence of common descent.

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6
Q

What does recent research on the Galapagos Island finches show about natural selection?

A

The Grants have documented that natural selection takes place in wild finch populations frequently, sometimes rapidly. Their work shows that variation within a species increases the likelihood of the species’ adapting to and surviving environmental change.

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7
Q

Homologous Structure. Name an example

A

structures that are shared by related species and that have been inherited by a common ancestor.

Example: forelimb bones

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8
Q

Vestigial Structures. Name an example.

A

inherited structures that have lost most if not all of their function due to different pressures acting on the descendents.

Example: dolphin hip bones

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9
Q

Analogous Structures. Name an example.

A

Body parts that share common function, but not structure.

Example: Wing of a bee and a wing of a bird

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10
Q

Maladaptive mutations that occur to individuals do what to fitness?

A

decrease fitness

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