Chapter 13.3

Question 1

What are mutations?

Answer 1

Mutations are heritable changes in genetic information

Question 2

How do mutations affect genes?

Answer 2

The effects of mutations on genes vary widely. Some have little to no effect; some produce beneficial variations. Some negatively disrupt gene function.

Question 3

Mutations

Answer 3

variations in DNA sequence (latin term “mutare” = “to change”

Question 4

Point mutation

Answer 4

gene mutations that occur at a single point in the DNA sequence, only changing a one or a few nucleotides

Question 5

Frameshift mutation

Answer 5

insertions or deletions that shift the “reading frame” of the genetic message

Question 6

Mutagen

Answer 6

chemical or physical agents in the environment that generate mutations

Question 7

Polyploidy

Answer 7

the condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes.

Question 8

Substitution Gene Mutation

Answer 8

The change of one base to another in a DNA sequence

Question 9

Translocation Chromosomal Mutation

Answer 9

Part of one chromsome breaks off and attaches to another

Question 10

Duplication Chromosomal Mutation

Answer 10

A mutation that produces an extra copy of all or part of a chromosome

Question 11

Inversion Chromsomal Mutation

Answer 11

A chromosomal mutation that reverses the direct of parts of a chromosome

Question 12

Insertion Gene Mutation

Answer 12

The addition of a base to the DNA sequence