Chapter 13.2

Question 1

What is the genetic code and how is it read?

Answer 1

read 3 “letters” at a time, so the each “word” is three bases long and corresponds to a single amino acid.

Question 2

What role does the ribosome play in assembling proteins?

Answer 2

use the sequence of codons in mRNA to assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains

Question 3

What is the “central dogma” of molecular biology?

Answer 3

information is transferred from DNA to RNA to protein

Question 4

Polypeptides

Answer 4

the joined amino acids together in a long chain that make proteins. As many as 20 different amino acids are commonly found in polypeptides

Question 5

Genetic code

Answer 5

the language of DNA, read 3 bases at a time with just four letters: A (Adenine) T (Thymine) C (Cytosine) G (Guanine)

Question 6

Codon

Answer 6

Each 3 letter “word” in mRNA

Question 7

Translation

Answer 7

The decoding of an mRNA message into a protein at the ribosome

Question 8

Anticodon

Answer 8

Each 3 letter “word” that is complementary to the mRNA 3 letter “word”. (“anti”=opposite)

Question 9

Gene Expression

Answer 9

the way in which DNA, RNA, and proteins are involved in putting genetic information into action in living cells