Chapter 7.1 Life is Cellular Flashcards
What are the three parts of the Cell Theory?
1) All living things are made of cells
2) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
3) New cells are produced from existing cells
Who coined the term, “cells”?
Robert Hooke in 1665 used an early compound microscope to look at nonliving cork and thought that the thousands of tiny chambers he saw looked like the tiny rooms in a monastery.
Who was the first person to see living creatures under a microscope?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (“lave-en-hook”) used a single-lens microscope to see life in the pond water that him and his neighbor were constantly drinking from and even scraped gunk off of his teeth to view bacteria for the first time.
What are cells?
the basic units of life
How do microscopes work?
Most microscope use lenses to magnify the image of an object by focusing its light or electrons.
Why are chemical stains/dyes useful for light microscopes?
Most cells are nearly transparent so a stain is used which will bind to certain chemical structures in a cell. (Golgi, Ramon y Cajal - Neuron Doctrine staining technique)
What are 3 types of microscopes?
Light Microscope (LM)
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
What is a cell membrane?
a thin flexible barrier surrounding all cells.
specifically- a phospholipid bilayer
What is a nucleus?
a large membrane enclosed structure that contains genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cell’s activities.
What are Eukaryotic cells?
cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei. Example-plant and animal cells
Greek terms:
“eu” = “true”
“karyon” = “nut”
What are Prokaryotic cells?
cells that do not enclose DNA in a nuclei. Example-bacteria like E. Coli found inside our intestines.
Greek terms:
“pro” = “before”
“karyon” = “nut”
What are three differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes?
1) eukaryotes house DNA inside of nuclei while prokaryotes have their DNA floating along with the rest of their cytoplasm (inner juices)
2) eukaryotes have tiny organs called organelles which perform specific functions
3) Prokaryotes are usually single-celled and eukaryotes can be multi-cellular
