Chapter 7.1 - An Introduction to Navigation Flashcards
Which clock is used in Aviation?
24 Hour Clock.
What does UTC stand for?
Coordinated Universal Time.
What are the 3 Local Standard times used in Australia?
- Western Standard Time (WST).
- Central Standard Time (CST).
- Eastern Standard Time (EST).
What is the format for International Standard Dates?
3 pairs of digits = YYMMDD.
How would you write 23rd August 2015 in International Standard Date format?
150823.
What is the format for Date/Time for International Standards?
6 pairs of digits = YYMMDDHHMMSS.
How would you write 8:34pm on 19th July 2010 in International Standard Date/Time format?
100719203400.
Express the six-figure format used for Date/Time for Navigation and Flight Planning?
DDHHMM.
How would you write 2:23pm on 3rd May 2017 for Navigation and Flight Planning purposes?
031423.
What format is used to express Date/Time in NOTAMs?
MMDDHHMM.
What are Cardinal Directions?
- North.
- South.
- East.
- West.
What is used in Aviation instead of Cardinal Directions?
3 digit number for directional reference.
What is True North?
The directions of the Geographic North Pole.
What is Magnetic North?
The direction of the Magnetic North Pole.
What is the term for the difference in measurement between True North and Magnetic North?
Variation.
What factors can affect a Compass needle deviating from Magnetic North other than the Earth’s Magnetic Fields?
Metal parts which make up the Aircraft.
True or False. Compass North can be different to Magnetic North?
True.
What is the term used to express the difference in measurement between Compass North and Magnetic North?
Deviation.
What tool can be found in the cockpit to help a pilot make corrections needed so the Compass indicates Magnetic direction?
Deviation Card.
Heading is defined as the direction an aircraft is pointed to using which North?
Magnetic North.
Define Isogonals?
Places on a map with equal magnetic variation.
True of False. Isogonals are marked on Visual Terminal Charts (VTC)?
False.
Directions measured from a chart are usually Magnetic/True Direction?
True.
In Light Aircrafts, what should a pilot do before using charts as a Steering Reference when Navigating?
Convert the True Directions to Magnetic Directions depending on Variation.
What’s the calculation for Magnetic Direction with East Variation?
Direction (T) – Variation = Direction (M).
What’s the calculation for Magnetic Direction with West Variation?
Direction (T) + Variation = Direction (M).
What is the Horizontal Distance unit used in Navigation?
Nautical Mile (NM).
What is 1NM in M?
1852M.
What distance units are used in Meteorology and Short Distances?
Kilometres (KM) and Metres (M).
What Unit is used for Vertical Distance?
Feet (FT).
What is the Horizontal Speed unit used in Aviation?
Knots (KT).
What is the speed and direction of Wind called?
Wind Velocity.
What is the Vertical Speed unit?
Feet per Minute (FPM).
What is the unit used for specifying wind direction in Takeoff and Landing Reports? Also used for Heading.
Degrees Magnetic (°M).
What is the unit used for specifying wind direction in Forecast Reports? Also used for Track Direction in Charts.
Degrees True (°T).
What is the standard unit used for Temperature?
Degrees Celsius (°C).
What is the standard unit for Atmospheric Pressure?
Hectopascal (hPa).
What does PSI stand for?
Pounds per Square Inch.
What does KPa stand for?
Kilopascals.
What is the metric unit for Weight?
Kilograms (KG).
What is the unit for Weight in US?
Pounds (LB)
What is 1KG in LB?
2.2lb.
What is the standard metric unit for Volume?
Litre (L).
What is the standard unit for Volume in US?
US Gallon (GAL).
What is 1USGAL in L?
3.8L.
What does WAC stand for?
World Aeronautical Charts.
Who mainly uses WACs and what information does it provide?
- VFR pilots.
- Topographical and Cultural features.
What isn’t found in WACs?
- Airspace Divisions
- Restricted/Danger Areas
What does VTC stand for?
Visual Terminal Charts.
What is found in VTCs?
Topographical, Cultural and Aeronautical information.
What does C LL 4500 mean on a VTC?
Class C Airspace Lower Limit being 4500ft.
Class C and D Airspace in Control Areas (CTA) are shown on VTC as what?
Blue Boundary with Vertical Dimensions.
Class E Airspace above 8500ft are shown on VTC as what?
Dashed Brown Outline.
Lower Limited in Control Areas (CTAs) are considered to be what kind of Airspace?
Non-Controlled.
Restricted/Danger Areas are shown on VTC as what?
Outlined in Red.
What does Prohibited Area mean?
Airspace where no flying is permitted.
What does Restricted Area mean?
Airspace that is restricted for special use (i.e Military Operations) and flying is not permitted.
What does Danger Area mean?
Airspace which activities are dangerous for flying. For example Congested Airspace.
True or False. To fly in a Danger Area requires approval?
False.
Define Relief used in WACs and VTCs?
Describes the Shape and Height of the Ground.
Define Contour Lines?
Set of lines joining up of equal Elevation/Height above Mean Sea Level.
What colour are Contour Lines?
Brown.
What are the intervals of Contour Lines?
500ft above MSL, then every 1000ft above 1000ft.
Define Hypsometric Tints?
Colour used to represent Height above Mean Sea Level.
What are the intervals and colours of Hypsometric Tints in WACs (3)?
- 0 (AMSL) – 2000ft = Light Green.
- 2000ft – 5000ft = Light Brown.
- 5000ft+ = Hachured Purple
How many Hypsometric Tints are used in VTCs and their intervals?
Six Tints from 500ft and onwards to 5500ft.
Define Spot Heights?
Reference to isolated peaks higher than the surrounding terrain.
How are Spot Heights identified on WACs and VTCs?
Measured in feet above Mean Seal Level with a Black Dot indicated Height.
How can a pilot identify itself on a Chart?
By using the Heading of an aircraft.
