Chapter 2.7 - Turning Flight

Question 1

What are two major problems for a pilot when conducting a ‘bank-only turn’?

Answer 1

• The tilted Lift force and the Weight acts inwards/downwards.
• The turn will not be balanced.

Question 2

How does a pilot overcome Lift and Weight not acting downwards when commencing a turn?

Answer 2

Increasing Angle of Attack with back pressure on the Control Wheel/Yoke.

Question 3

What action must a pilot take when increasing Angle of Attack during a level turn?

Answer 3

Increase Thrust (as speed will decrease with the increase in Angle of Attack).

Question 4

How does a pilot solve the problem on an imbalanced turn?

Answer 4

Use of Rudder.

Question 5

What 4 flight controls are used when commencing a turn?

Answer 5

• Ailerons (to Bank).
• Elevators/Pitch Contol (to increase Lift).
• Throttle (to increase Thrust).
• Rudder (to Balance turn).

Question 6

What angle is a Gentle/Shallow turn?

Answer 6

1°-20°.

Question 7

What angle is a Medium turn?

Answer 7

20°-30°.

Question 8

What angle is a Steep turn?

Answer 8

45°+.

Question 9

What angle of turn should only be used during training exercises?

Answer 9

60°.

Question 10

Turn can be made in which mode of flight?

Answer 10

• Level.
• Climbing.
• Descending.

Question 11

In a turn Lift must be what to Weight?

Answer 11

Greater.

Question 12

What is Load Factor?

Answer 12

The ratio between Lift/Apparent Weight and the actual Weight.

Question 13

In Straight and Level Flight what is the Load Factor?

Answer 13

1.

Question 14

If a Load Factor is 1 what Angle of Bank is the Aircraft performing?

Answer 14

0° (Straight and Level Flight).

Question 15

If a Load Factor is 1.15 what Angle of Bank is the Aircraft performing?

Answer 15

30°.

Question 16

If a Load Factor is 1.5 what Angle of Bank is the Aircraft performing?

Answer 16

48°.

Question 17

If a Load Factor is 2. What Angle of Bank is the Aircraft performing?

Answer 17

60°.

Question 18

What’s the equation for working out the new stall speed in a turn?

Answer 18

• 30° = 10%.
• 45° = 20%.
• 60° = 40%.

Question 19

True of False. High Bank Angles can cause Structural Damage?

Answer 19

True.

Question 20

What is a Balanced Turn?

Answer 20

• Resultant force is horizontal and equal to the reaction force.
• Apparent Weight will coincide with Normal Axis.
• Longitudinal Axis is perpendicular to radius of the turn.

Question 21

Why should a turn always be balanced?

Answer 21

To help minimise Drag and risk of Spin should an aircraft stall.

Question 22

What happens to an aircraft when a turn is not balanced?

Answer 22

The aircraft will Slip and/or Skid sideways.

Question 23

In a Climbing Turn the Bank Angle must be restricted to roughly what angle and why?

Answer 23

20° in order to conserve power for the climb.

Question 24

Large Bank Angles used during a Climbing Turn will decrease what?

Answer 24

Rate of Climb.

Question 25

Because Rate of Climb is decreased in a climbing turn, what must be maintained and how?

Answer 25

Airspeed by lowering the nose attitude.

Question 26

Name 3 reasons why Steep Turns should be after Take-off and during Approach?

Answer 26

• Increased risk of Stalling close to Ground.
• Rate of Climb is significantly reduced.
• On glide approach there is no way of controlling increased rate of descent.