Chapter 6.2 - Airspeed & Weight Limitations Flashcards
Name the types of Load which act on an Aircraft during flight (2)?
- Gust.
- Manoeuvre.
Pull Up manoeuvres produce what in Lift and Load factors?
Positive.
Pull Down manoeuvres produce what in Lift and Load factors?
Negative.
In the interest of safety and structural integrity what 3 Limitations are imposed?
- Types of Manoeuvres.
- Weight.
- Maximum Speed.
What factor in ensuring that the Limit and Ultimate Loads are not exceeded for an Aircraft?
Airspeed.
How much greater is the Design Limit Load Factor than the limit Load Factor?
50%.
What happens if an Aircraft experiences ‘Up to the Limit Load Factor’?
The structure will stretch, bend and recover once Load is removed/reduced.
What happens if an Aircraft experiences ‘Between the Limit and Ultimate Load Factors’?
The structure will stretch and bend but not recover once Load is removed/reduced.
What happens if an Aircraft experiences ‘Above the Ultimate Load Factor’?
The structure will fail.
What type of manoeuvres can produce high Load Factors when a pilot recovers too quickly (4)?
- Steep Turns.
- Steep/Spiral Dives.
- Spin Recovery
- Any ‘unusual’ flight attitude.
The higher the airspeed a pilot must be what when recovering to avoid high Load Factors?
Gentle with Controls.
What can also produce excessive Load Factors at high speed (2)?
- Flying through moderate/serve turbulence.
- Large/rapid control deflections.
Weight Limitations can affect what on an Aircraft (2)?
- Structure.
- Performance.
What does Gross Weight include (4)?
- Aircraft.
- Pilot/Passengers.
- Fuel.
- Cargo/Baggage.
Where can Structural Limitations be found for an Aircraft?
Flight Manual.
What does MTOW stand for?
Maximum Takeoff Weight.
What does MLDW stand for?
Maximum Landing Weight.
If an Aircraft’s Maximum Landing Weight isn’t quoted, a pilot can assume what?
The same as the Maximum Takeoff Weight.
MTOW & MLDW only apply if?
No restrictions are in place with Performance and/or Runway Length.
If Performance/Runway length are restricted a pilot must reduce what before Takeoff?
Gross Weight.
Name the Structure Limitation which affects the Centre of Gravity for an Aircraft?
Maximum Compartment Load.
Name 4 Airspeed Limitations?
- Never-exceed Speed (VNE).
- Manoeuvring Speed (VA).
- Turbulence Penetration Speed (VB).
- Maximum Speed under Normal Operations (VNO).
Define Turbulence Penetration Speed (VB)?
The compromise speed between overstressing and loss of control of an Aircraft.
Name 4 Airspeed Limitations regarding Flaps?
- Maximum Extended Speed (VFE).
- Maximum Operating Speed (VFO).
- Stall Speed with Flaps Up (VS1).
- Stall Speed with Flaps Down (VS0).
What is the absolute speed range of an Aircraft?
Between the Stall Speed with Flaps down to the Never-exceed Speed.
